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英语选词填空、高中英语改错题

(2018-05-11 15:19:47)
分类: 教育文化科技汽车

提示性填空的解题技巧

技巧一

若提示词为动词,则先要进行两个步骤:首先将有横线的部分以句子为单位进行划分,其次标出句子中动词。

1.若句中无谓语动词,说明所给提示词则为句子谓语动词。则需考虑谓语动词的时态、语态以及主谓一致。

(1)若句中出现表示过去式的时间状语如last night, yesterday, 则就将提示词变成过去式;

(2)若是一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词也应该像名词的单数变动词那样加s,如下:

一般在词后加s。如:comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains

在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如:watches, washes, wishes, finishes

以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es。如:study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries;

以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys;

以o结尾加es。如:does, goes;特殊的有:are-is, have-has

如果空格前是助动词、情态动词或是动词加to的形式,则空格一定是动词原形。例如can,will等情态动词后加动词原形。

例1:He____ (come) to school early this morning.

解析:题目中的this morning过去式,所以把come-came

例2:She _____(like) playing sports every day.

解析every day 表明句子是一般现在时,然后结合主语she把like 变为likes.

2.若句中已经有一个谓语动词,而且没有连词,则所给提示词为非谓语动词,需考虑非谓语动词,包括V-ing形式、V-ed形式和动词不定式(to do)。

做题时确定所给出的词与其所修饰的词或其逻辑主语的关系。

1.如果与中心词是主动关系,一般用现在分词V-ing形式。

当我们说某人正在做什么事时,动词要使用分词形式,不能用原形,构成如下:

(1)一般在后加ing。

如:spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing

(2)以不发音e的结尾的去掉e再加ing。

如:dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having

(3)以重读闭音节结尾且一个元音字母+一个辅音字母(注意除开字母组合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要双写最后的辅音字母再加ing。

如:put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning

(4)以ie结尾的变ie为y再加ing。如:tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于

2.如果与中心词是被动关系,一般用V-ed形式。

(1)一般情况下加ed,如watched, planted, watered, pulled, climbed, picked。

(2)以不发音字母e结尾的加d,如liked, moved, tasted。

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加ed,如study——studied。

(4)以1个元音字母加1个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写最后一个辅音字母再加ed,如stop——stopped。

3.如果表示将来,一般用动词不定式。

例3: He spit it out,_____ (say) it was awful.

解析:用saying一方面是表示伴随着spit it out这一动作同时发生的,另一方面也是表示主动语态,动作是he发出的。所以答案是saying

例4: His first book____ (publish) next month is based on a true story.

解析:本题中时间是next month, 发生在将来,再结合书是被出版的,所以答案为to be published

技巧二

若提示词为名词,则需考虑:

1.可数名词或是不可数名词; 不可数名词,则不做变化

2.可数名词单数或复数,可数名词单数变复数的规则如下:

(1)在后面加s。如:fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas

(2)x, sh, ch, s, ch后加es。如:boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

(3)以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如:baby-babies, family-families

以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如:day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

(4)以o结尾加s(外来词)。如:radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es:如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

(5)以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如:knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves

例5:Tom likes ______(tomato) noodles.

解析:这道题主要修饰的是noodles,直接填tomato就可以了,很多同学会误填为tomatoes忽略了它用来修饰noodles.

技巧三

若提示词为形容词,副词则需考虑:

1.形容词修饰名词; 如 a ______(漂亮的)girl,答案为beautiful, 用形容词来修饰名词girl.

2.副词修饰动词、形容词及整个句子;一般情况下加ly,

(1)一般情况下直接加“ly”,如quick---quickly

(2)以“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”,如happy---happily 少数以e结尾的形容词,要去掉e再加-ly。例如:true-truly等。

但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如:polite-politely, wide-widely等。

3.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级。

(1)一般在词后加er或est(如果是以e结尾则直接加r或st)。如:greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest

(2)以重读闭音节结尾且1个元音字母+1个辅音字母(字母组合除外,如few-fewer fewest)结尾的双写结尾的辅音再加er /est。如:big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest

(3)以辅音字母+y结尾的变y为i加er/est。如:happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest

(4)特殊情况:(两好多坏,一少老远) good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest

(5)多音节单词直接加more 或者most

例6:Tom is _____(hard) than Tim.

解析:首先这道题是两个人之间做比较,所以要用比较级,hard的比较级harder.

技巧四

若考查括号内给出单词的其他形式,通过分析句子结构,判断句子缺少什么成分(修饰什么词),再用正确的单词形式补充完整。

介词、冠词、所有格后接名词、形容词修饰名词、副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子。该空同时考查学生的单词拼写能力。

名词的格如何变化:当我们要表示某人的什么东西或人时,我们就要使用所有格形式。

构成如下:

(1)单数在后面加’s。如:brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s

(2)复数以s结尾的直接在s后加’,如果不是以s结尾的与单数一样处理。如:Teachers’Day教师节, classmates’; Children’s Day六一节, Women’s Day三八节

(3)由and并列的名词所有时,如果是共同所有同一人或物时,只加最后一个’s,但分别拥有时却分别按单数形式处理。如:Mike and Ben’s room迈克和本的房间(共住一间),Mike’s and Ben’s rooms迈克和本的房间(各自的房间)

例7:Today is June 1st, and it’s____(child) Day.

解析:6月1日是儿童节,所以答案为Children’s Day 

例8:It is Tom and Tim’s _____ (room)

解析:因为所有格放在Tim的后面,表示两者共有的房间,所以为一间,答案为room

纯空格题的解题技巧

技巧一

若判断为介词则需考虑:

1.介词的基本用法;介词+动词-ing

2.固定搭配。如.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/,.at + 时刻表示钟点

例9:Nowadays, many parents are against _____ (watch) TV at night.

解析:看横线处前面是against是介词,后加动词-ing,所以答案为watching.

技巧二

若判断为代词则需找出代词所指代的名词,根据其在句中所充当的成分确定用哪个代词。

1.如果空格后是名词,就应该考虑空格处是否用物主代词(my, your, his等)、指示代词(this, that等)、名词所有格或形容词等进行修饰。

例10:This is ___ (I) book, because my name is on it.

解析:横线后是book名词,然后词根是I,就可以想到my,用形容词性的物主代词来修饰名词。

2.“it”做形式主语及形式宾语。

(1)it用作形式主语

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时,为避免头重脚轻,通常在句首使用形式主语it,而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。如:

It’s a pity to refuse. 拒绝是令人遗憾的。

注:It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 这类结构中的 it 也是形式主语。如:

It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident. 据报导这次事故中有两人受伤。

(2) it用作形式宾语

当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,就应在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。如:

I find it easy to get on with her. 我发现她很容易相处。

注意:初中还学到几个固定句型;

一)It is +adj. +to do sth.

二)It takes time to do sth.

三)find it +adj.+to do sth.

技巧三

若判断为冠词则需考虑:

1.如果空格后是单数可数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填不定冠词(a, an);

2.如果空格后是序数词、最高级或提及上文提到过的人或物等时,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填定冠词(the);

3.还有一些固定搭配需要注意。

例11:Tom,___7-year-old boy,entered a hotel coffee shop.

解析:根据句子意思,可知,Tom 一个七岁的男孩,所以就用a。

解题的方法多种多样,只有灵活运用,才能达到语法练习的效果。

改错题的原则:

1、一个句子大多数情况是1-2个错误,极少数出现3个错误。

2、每次只能改一个单词,不能连续改两个单词。

3、一种类型的语法错误只会出现一次,比如已经改了一个名词变复数的错误,那后文当中就不会在出现名词复数的错误了。

1、 Though / Although …… but

例:My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to where I live. Though not very big,but the restaurant is popular in our area. (2016全国卷I)

讲解: though和although意为“虽然”,but意为“但是”,在英语中“虽然……但是”不能在一起连用。也就是说though/although和but不能出现在一个句子中,以后在句子开头看到though/although要下意识地马上看看后面有没有but,连句子都不需要读懂,如果有but,你应该很高兴,这一分是稳拿了。把but去除掉。

练习:Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year,but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems.(2014全国卷I)

答案:把but去掉

2、because ……so

例:Because I have seen the movie,so I won't go.

讲解:because意为“因为”,so意为“所以”,在英语中“因为……所以”不能在一起连用,他们不能出现在同一个句子中,同样以后看到because要下意识地马上看看后面有没有so,一样地连句子都不需要读懂,如果后面有so,这一份也是稳拿。把so去除掉

3、Beside和besides

例:Beside, they often get some useful information from the internet.

讲解:beside意为“在……旁边”,besides意为“除了”。besides是副词一般放在句子开头,beside没有这样的用法。换句话说就是在句子开头出现beside并且后面有个逗号,连句子都不用看了,直接把“beside”变成“besides”

4、however和but

例:He was five years old. But,he knows a lot.

讲解:however意为“然而”,but意为“但是”,中文的意思基本没有区别。他们的不同在于出现在句子开头时,写完however要有个逗号跟在后面,but没有这种用法

换句话说就是,如果看到but出现在句子开头,并且后面有个逗号,可以毫不犹豫地把but改成however,不需要去读懂句子。

5、非限制性定语从句的连接词不能用that

例:In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. (2017全国卷II)

讲解:非限制性定语从句前有逗号,非限制性定语从句的连接词不能用that。换句话说就是句子都不用看了,只要这个“that”出现在句子中间,前面又有一个“逗号”,如果前面出现了“人”就把that改成who,如果出现了“事、物”就把that改成which。这一题中就是把that改成which

注:前面是“时间”,则连接词改成when,前面是“地点”,则连接词改成where,但这两种情况出现较少。

练习1:Having tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, that might not be served until 8 o’clock at night.(2013全国卷II)

练习2:The EXIT signs could not be seen clearly, that presented potential safety problems.

练习3:The hero of the film is Hiro, that is a 14-year-old robotics genius.

答案:练习1:把that改成which

练习2:把that改成which

练习3:Hiro是人名,把that改成who

6、介词后面的动词要变成ing形式

例:I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.(2016全国卷III)

讲解:介词后面的动词在90%的情况下需要变成ing形式,不需要读懂句子,你只需认识介词和其后面的动词。在这个句子中你只需认识by是介词,wear是动词“穿”,这一题的改法是把“wear”改成“wearing”

常见的介词有:

“in,on,at,of,about,after,before,by,from,with,without……”

练习1:After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that his parents were missing. (2015全国卷II)

练习2:After think for some time,I let her copy my answers.(2013四川)

练习3:We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.(2016全国卷II)

答案:练习1:把looks改成looking

练习2:把think改成thinking

练习3:take和staying一样都是在介词between后面,把take改成taking

7、enjoy,practise,mind,like,love,keep等后面的动词要用ing形式

例:I enjoy sit close to the windows and looking at the view.(2015浙江)

讲解:看到enjoy意为“享受,喜欢”,practise意为“练习”,mind意为“介意”,like意为“喜欢”,love意为“爱,喜欢”。出现在他们后面的动词必须是ing形式。基本上也不用看句子但你要认识以上几个单词。这题中,把sit改成sitting

8、to+动词原形

例:She used to holding me on her knees and sing old songs(2013全国卷I)

讲解:to后面的动词在90%的情况下要变成原形。把holding改成hold

练习1:He would ask who we were and pretend not to knowing us.(2015全国卷II)

练习2:It’s difficult to understanding why she barks every minute she’s outside.(2014辽宁)

练习3:It costs so little that almost every family can afford to buying one.

答案:练习1:把knowing改成know

练习2:把understanding改成understand

练习3:把buying改成buy

9、情态动词+动词原形

例:We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.(2016全国卷II)

讲解:常见的情态动词有

“can,must,may,should,could,might,have to”

这些词后面的动词必须要用原形。这一题中,can后面的chose是过去式,要改成原形choose

练习:We must found ways to protect our environment.(2015全国卷I)

答案:把found变回原形find

10、much和many之间互换

例:We don’t need to do so many homework.(2014全国卷II)

讲解:了解much和many的区别也不用看句子了,只需要看看many或much前后的单词即可。much+不可数名词。many+可数名词复数。much还可以做副词,many没有这种用法。这一题中homework是不可数名词,需要把many变成much

如果实在还是看不懂,把看到的many或much进行互换,也有很大概率做对。

练习1:It does not cost many,yet we can still learn a lot.(2016全国卷II)

练习2:It’s been three Saturdays now and it really costs me many.(2015四川)

练习3:The fruits are small in size, but juicy and tasty. There are so much that we often share them with our neighbors.(2014全国卷I)

练习4:I understood that he missed us just as many as we missed him(2013辽宁).

练习5:Much rare animals are dying out.(2015全国卷I)

答案:把many和much进行互换

11、数词后面的名词加复数

例:There was a long line of traffic for at least for six mile.(2012辽宁)

讲解:数词即是

“one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten……”

出现在数词后面的名词不管你认不认识都必须是名词复数,名词复数最常见的变化是在词尾加“s”,此题中,six是一个数词,我们需要把mile变成miles

练习1:I needed to stay in a hospital for at least for two week.(2012浙江)

练习2:My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.(2015浙江)

练习3:As I told you last time, I made three new friend here.(2015四川)

练习4:For example, we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.(2014全国卷I)

答案:练习1:week出现在two后面,变成weeks

练习2:side出现在three后面,变成sides

练习3:friend出现在three后面,变成friends

练习4:hour出现在one and a half(一个半)后面,变成hours

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