Unit 10 It's a nice day, isn't it

 

一、学习目标：

1.掌握英语里反意疑问句的用法；

2.巩固已学过的七种时态；

3.学会用英语闲聊。

二、学习重点难点：

1.反意疑问句（Tag Question）也叫附加疑问句，是一种常用于口语的疑问句式，主要由“陈述句＋附加疑问”

  构成，附加疑问部分的动词一般要与陈述部分的动词相对应，附加一闻部分的主语要与陈述部分的主语相对

  应，如果陈述部分的主语是名词词组，则附加疑问部分用相应的代词表示。

  反意疑问句主要有两类，即“陈述句＋反意附加疑问”和“陈述句＋非反意附加疑问”。这两类又可以分为以

  下四种形式：

a. 肯定的陈述句＋否定的附加疑问句。

   例如：

   That clock is slow, isn’t it?

b. 否定的陈述句＋肯定的附加疑问句。

   例如：

   That clock isn’t slow, is it?

c. 肯定的陈述句＋肯定的附加疑问句。

   例如：

   That clock is slow, is it?

d. 否定的陈述句＋肯定的附加疑问句。

   例如：

   That clock isn’t slow, isn’t it?

   前两种形式是主要的，后两种形式使用场合较少。

   反意疑问句也可由“祈使句＋附加疑问”构成。

   例如：

   Carry this box for me, will you?

   Remember to buy some meat, won’t you?

2.对于我们已经学过的七种时态，这里各举两例：

  一般现在时：

  Lily likes going shopping, doesn’t she?

  They aren’t students, are they?

  现在进行时：

  You’re going to the cinema, aren’t you?

  She isn’t waiting for me, is she?

  现在完成时：

  They have been to Singapore, haven’t they?

  Jack hasn’t finished his homework, has he?

 

  现在完成进行时：

  You have been living in Beijing all these years, haven’t you?

  Denis hasn’t been watching TV, has she?

 

  一般过去时：

  They had a good time at the party last Saturday, didn’t they?

  Fanny didn’t go home last night, did she?

 

  过去进行时：

  You were making dinner when I called, weren’t you?

  She wasn’t sleeping at this time yesterday, was she?

 

  一般将来时：

  We will have wonderful summer holidays, won’t we?

  They won’t come back until midnight, will they?

 

3．关于反意疑问句的构成，有以下几点值得注意：

a.当陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, someone, no one, nobody, somebody等指人的合成词时，反意疑

  问句的附加部分的主语在正式语体中通常 用he。

  例如：

Everybody knows what he has to do, doesn’t he?

Nobody wants to go there, does he?

None of the boys can do it, can he?

在非正式语体中则往往用they。

例如：

Nobody phoned while I was out, did they?

Everyone enjoyed the party, didn’t they?

Somebody borrowed my dictionary yesterday, didn’t they?

 

但若陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, something, nothing等指物的合成词时，反意疑问句的附加部分的主语只能用it。

例如：

Nothing could stop them, could it?

Everything is ready, isn’t it?

b.当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问句的附加部分的主语也用there。

  例如：

  There’s no help for it, is there?

  There’s something strange, isn’t there?

c.陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, never, rarely, few, little, nowhere, nothing等否定词或半否定词是，反

  意疑问句的附加部分的动词用肯定形式。

例如：

  Father rarely got drunk, did he?

  Few people know him, do they?

  She seldom goes swimming, does she?

  如果陈述部分的否定词仅带有否定前缀，那么，该陈述部分作肯定句处理，附加疑问部分一般仍用否定形式。

例如：

She was unsuccessful, wasn’t she?

d.如果陈述部分的主语是I’m…结构，反意疑问句的附加部分一般用aren’t I。

  例如：

I am an adult, aren’t I?

e.如果陈述部分以不定代词one作主语，附加疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one，在非正式场合用you。

  例如：

One can’t be too honest, can one?

One can’t be too honest, can you?

f.当陈述部分是一个带有that－分句作宾语的主从结构时，反意疑问句的附加部分一般应与主句的主语和谓语动

  词保持对应关系。

  例如：

  You think you are humorous, don’t you?

  He thinks he is going to become an actor, doesn’t he?

  She says (that) I did it, doesn’t she?

  但是，当陈述部分的主句是I suppose, I think, I believe, I suspect, I imagine等结构时，反意疑问句

  的附加部分则往往与that－分句中的主语和谓语动词保持对应关系，但要注意否定的转移。

例如：

  I suppose (that) he’s funny, isn’t he?

  I don’t think (that) she likes my clothes, does she?

 

g.在由“祈使句＋附加疑问句”构成的反意疑问句中，附加疑问部分一般用will you, won't you, would you。

  例如：

  Don’t close the window, will you?

  Be quiet, would you?

  但是，在以let’s开头的祈使句之后，附加疑问部分用shall we。

  例如：

  Let’s go out to play soccer, shall we?

  Let’s have a rest, shall we?

  以let us开头的祈使句，含义是allow us，不包括听话人在内，因此反意疑问句的附加部分用will you。

  例如：

  Let us stop now, will you?

  Let us have a look at your book, will you?

4.反意疑问句的回答方式和一般疑问句一致，根据事实来回答。注意当陈述部分是一个否定句时，英文的回答方

  式和中文的回答方式有差别。

  例如：

  She is a beautiful girl, isn’t she? 她是个漂亮的姑娘，不是吗？

  Yes, she is. 是的，她是。

  No, she isn’t. 不，她不是。

  You don’t like onions, do you? 你不喜欢洋葱，是吗？

  Yes, I do. 不，我喜欢。

  No, I don’t. 是的，我不喜欢。

 

强化练习：

一、请在下面的空格中填入适当的附加疑问句：

 

1.Mary has to go home now, ___________ ?

2.That’s your twin brother, ___________ ?

3.There’s nothing wrong, ___________ ?

4.Jack had a talk with his father, ___________ ?

5.One can’t be too careful, ___________ ?

6.Give me a hand, ___________ ?

7.He was cleaning his house all day yesterday, ___________ ?

8.Nothing can stop us now, ___________ ?

9.Anyone can go to the party, ___________ ?

10.They won’t be ready till next year, ___________ ?

11.I am not the one you’re thinking about, ___________ ??

12.Let’s go camping, ___________ ?

13.You haven’t found out who did it, ___________ ?

14.I suppose you know the password, ___________ ?

15.Emily rarely stays out late, ___________ ?

 

二、根据所给中文释义完成句子，每空一词。

1.你去过游乐场，不是吗？

  You have been to ______ ______ ______, ______ ______?

  是的，我去过两次。

  Yes, I have been there ______.

2. 麦克每个月都理发，不是吗？

   Mike ______ his hair ______ every month, ______ ______?

   不，他两周理一次发。

   No, he ______ his hair ______ ______ ______ _______.

3. 我没告诉你他已经回来了，是吗？

   I didn’t tell you he ______ _______ ______, ______ _______?

   不，你告诉过我了。

   No, you ______ ______ me.

4. 詹妮没有你大，是吗？

   Jenny isn’t ______ ______ ______ you, ______ ______?

   是的，她没有我大。

   ______, ______ ______.

参考答案：

一、

1. doesn’t she?

2. isn’t it?

3. is there?

4. didn’t he?

5. can one?(can you)

6. won’t you? (will you?)

7. wasn’t he?

8. can it?

9. can’t he? (can’t they?)

10.will they?

11.aren’t I?

12.shall we?

13.have you?

14.do you?

15.does she?

 

二、

1. an, amusement, park, haven’t, you twice

2. has, cut, doesn’t, he has, cut, every, two, weeks (has, cut, every, other, week)

3. has, come, back, did, I have, told

4. as, old, as, is, she No, she, isn’t

 

 

Ⅰ．Words and Expressions:

(n.名词 adj.形容词 adv.副词   v.动词   prep.介词)

 

Ⅱ．Sentences and Phrases (句型与词组)

    Grammar Focus

 

本单元的重点是反意问句。

陈述句后面的反意问句的用法：

1. 反意问句一般由“助动词+人称代词”构成，用在句末，要求对方确认一些我们不敢肯定的事情，或要求对方表示赞同，含有“这是真的吗？”或“你同意吗？”的意思。

e.g

It is very cold today, isn’t it?

We had much time, hadn’t we?

There is a little water in the cup, isn’t there?

There is little water in the cup, is there?

2. 陈述句的动词若是肯定，反意问句的动词要用否定，反之，就用肯定。

Mrs. Smith lives in Italy, doesn’t she?

She can hardly speak German, can she?

She has few friends in Germany, has (does) she?

There isn’t anybody at home, is there?

 

3. 陈述句与反意问句里的动词时态要相同。

She had to go to France every spring, didn’t she?

There was little water in the cup, was there?

4. 陈述句与反意问句的主语必须指同一人或同一事物。

She needs to have it repaired, doesn’t she?

You had better go alone, hadn’t you?

5. 陈述句的主语不论属于何种词类，反意问句的主语一定要用人称代词。

Those are your friends, aren’t they?

She hasn’t finished her homework, has she?

6. 陈述句的动词为 have, has, had, 但不作“有”解时， 反意问句的主语之前不可用have, has，had, 而改

   用 do, does, did.

You have nothing to say, do you?

You have John do the work, don’t you?

7. 含有seldom; hardly; few; little; never; rarely等词的句子，被认为是否定句。

e.g.

He seldom came here, did he?

Few people knew the answer, did they?

None of us knew the way, did we?

We hadn’t much time, had we?

Little progress has been made, has it?

We could hardly hear what she said, could we?

We seldom see them now, do we?

One can’t be too careful, can one?

8. nobody, none, no one, anybody, anyone, everybody, everyone 等不定代词作主语时，其反意问句通常用they作主语。

e.g. Everybody came, didn’t they.

祈使句后面的反意问句的用法：

1．由let’s引出的祈使句，肯定的用shall we? 否定的用all right? 或O.K.?

e.g.

Let’s start early, shall we?

Let’s not go fishing, all right (O.K.)?

-- Let’s go dancing , shall we?            --All right.

2．肯定祈使句之后，表示“请求”，用 will you? 表“邀请，劝诱”用won’t you?

e.g.

Let us have a look, will you?

--Pass me the dictionary, will you?      --Yes, with pleasure.

Have some coffee, won’t you?

Be careful when you cross the road, won’t you?

 

3．否定祈使句之后，表示“请求，则只用will you?”

e.g.

Don’t open the window , will you?

 

 

语法点概述

一、

1. Would you mind...?

（1）Would you mind +v.-ing...?

用来客气地提出请求。例如：

Would you mind giving me a glass of water?

请给我一杯水好吗？

Would you mind cleaning your room?

你可以打扫你的房间吗？

I’m sorry. I’ll do it right away.

对不起，我马上就做。

Would you mind not playing baseball here?

你可以不在这里打棒球吗？

Sorry，we’ll go and play in the park.

对不起，我们将会去公园里玩。

 

（2）Would you mind+ sb.’s + v.-ing...?

用来提出询问，征求对方的意见（在非正式文体中，v.-ing前的所有格可换为宾格）。例如：

Would you mind my smoking here?

我在这里抽烟你介意吗？

Yes，you’d better not.是的，你最好别抽。

No，certainly not.不介意，你当然可以抽。

 

回答带有mind的问句时要注意yes或no都是针对mind（介意，在乎）选用的；表示“介意，在乎”时，

选用yes，后面跟句子，

意思是不让对方做某事；

表示“不介意，不在乎”时，

选用no，后边跟句子，意思是允许对方做某事。如：

Would you mind posting the letter for me？你可以为我寄封信吗？

Of course not./No，certainly not.当然可以。

二

反意疑问句

1)　陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

　　I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2)　陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

　　I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3)　陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑

    问部分用肯定含义。

　　The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

　　Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4)　含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

　　He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5)　陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

　　We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6)　陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

　　He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7)　陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

　　You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8)　陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

　　He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9)　陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

　　You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

　　He must be a doctor, isn't he?

　　You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

　　He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

　　What colours, aren't they?

　　What a smell, isn't it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

    Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

　　Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

　a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

　　 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't

     he?

　b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

　　 He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

　　 He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

　c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从

     句相对应构成反意疑问句。

　　I don't think he is bright, is he?

　　We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，

    有时也用单数he。

　　Everyone knows the answer, don't they?　(does he?)

　　Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

　　We need not do it again, need we ?

　　He dare not say so, dare you?

　  当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

　  She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

 

17)　省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

　　 Don't do that again, will you?

　　 Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意:Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

　　 Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

　　 Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

　　 Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18)　陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

　　 There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

　　 There will not be any trouble, will there?

19)　否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

　　 It is impossible, isn't it?

　　 He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20)　must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

　   He must be there now, isn't he?

　   It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?