语法填空

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一、 考纲重难点（根据学生情况进行复习讲解，如果已经分单元讲解了，这次课就带学生一起复习整理，以学生为主）

给 提 示 词	词类转换	以加后缀为主：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀、副词后缀、数词后缀
	动词	谓语动词：时态、语态、主谓一致、语气；功能性动词：情态动词、助动词、系动词；非谓语动词：不定式、-ing形式、过去分词；
	名词	可数性、复数形式、格
	形容词	比较级、最高级
	副词	比较级、最高级
不 给 提 示 词	连词	从属连词（从句）、并列连词（逻辑、搭配）
	冠词	定冠词、不定冠词（含冠词的基本用法和短语中的冠词）
	介词	简单、合成、短语（介词与名词、动词、形容词的搭配）
	代词	人称代词（格/数/性别）、非人称代词 (it)、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词、不定代词
	副词	逻辑副词、疑问副词、方式副词、时间副词、地点副词、程度副词等
	句式	与各种句式相关的功能词

 

二、 考点归纳

考点一：纯空格试题，首先分析句子结构确定填哪类词：

（1）缺主语或宾语，一定是填代词或名词（多考代词）；

（2）名词前面，若没有限定词，很可能是填冠词或some， any， other， another等限定词；

（3）名词、代词或动名词前面若已有限定词，一定是填介词；

（4）若两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连词，可能填并列连词；

（5）若两句（一个主谓关系算一个句子）之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词（含并列连词和从属连词），要根据句子结构和两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词；

（6）若句子结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词（do， does， did等）；

（7）若缺状语，一定是填副词（在纯空格试题中考的可能性不大，即使考也常常是表示逻辑连接的副词）；

（8）在冠词后，一定是名词或one（s），other（s）等代词。

（9）由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词。
 1/ 由It  is...that...强调结构的形式，判断it还是that。判断方法：去掉It  is...that...结构，句子还是一个完整的句子就是强调句型。
 2/ 由it 作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格是否填it.
例：...and ______ was only after I heard she become sick that I learned she couldn’t eat MSG (味精).
例：...as ______ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists...
例：Dating sites also makes ______ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in.
 3/ 在倒装句式中通常填only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not...until...等词。
例：______ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise.
 4/ so...that.../ such...that...句型
例：This made the goat so jealous ______ it began plotting against the donkey.
 5/ more...than...与其说……不如说……，比……更……)句型。
例：Cynthia’s story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares ______ how much he pays.

 

考点二：给出了动词的试题，首先要确定是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

（1）若句中没有别的谓语动词，所给动词就是谓语动词；

（2）若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。

（3）若是谓动词，就要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致、虚拟语气（即谓语动词“四位一体”）；

（4）若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式还是用不定式形式，综合考虑成分、句式、时态、语态（即非谓语动词“四位一体”）：

  1/ 作主语或宾语，通常用-ing形式，有时也可用不定式；

  2/ 作目的状语、情感形容词或动词后的原因状语、以及有些结果状语，一般用不定式；

  3/ 若判断用分词（做状语、定语或补语），与逻辑主语是主动关系用-ing形式，是被动关系用-ed形式；从目前高考命题来看，我们只需根据分词与逻辑主语的关系确定用-ing形式还是-ed形式就可以了。

 

考点三：词类转换题，根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式：

（1）作表语、定语或补语，用形容词形式；

（2）作主语或宾语（含介词宾语），用名词形式；

（3）冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或数词后，用名词形式；

（4）作状语，用副词形式。

 

考点四：词义转换题，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-，im-，dis-等，或在词根后加-less等。

 

三、 题组训练

单句训练

1. Knapic didn’t want to run a restaurant at________very  beginning.

2. Japan is a very safe place to live, and families and communities are often quite close, which gives each Japanese person a lot of _________(comfortable) and support.

3. Johnny has autism（自闭症）. When he was young, he was very quiet and found_________hard to talk and be with other people.

4. Nowadays a lot of people _____________ all over the world are attracted to the Lijiang Ancient Wall Painting every year.

5. Travelling today is more about searching ___________adventures.

6. A teahouse is a special house which primarily ______________(serve) tea and other light refreshments（茶点）.

7. The Edinburgh International Book Festival __________________(take) place every year in Charlotte Square in the center of Edinburgh.

8. When I was in primary school, I ___________________(perform) poorly in tests but my father always encouraged me.

9. The Notre Dame Cathedral is home to many __________(religion) artworks, paintings and sculptures.

10. Mandarin（普通话）is the most ___________(use) non-European language for children to learn, U.K. parents believe.

11. Cafe Yeonnam-Dong 239-20 is a uniquely-designed cafe’ in Seoul, which makes vistors feel like ________________(step) into a world of comics.

12. Scientists find the brain changes after _______________(listen) to Mozart’s music. It is called the Mozart Effect.

13. Hemingway is famously interested in ideas of men proving their worth by facing and _________(overcome) the challenges of nature.

 

答案：

the; comfort; it; from; for; serves; takes; performed;religious; useful; stepping; listening; overcoming;

 

语篇训练

1

Whether you are someone who smiles a lot _1___________not, there is always room for improvement. Research _2__________(show) that when someone smiles, a number of feel-good neurotransmitters are released in the body and these are linked with the lower heart rate, lower blood pressure, better sleep and __3_________(little) stress. It would appear that __4_________physical act of smiling makes our brain thinke we are happy----if we are not---and it brings about a physiologican response that makes __5________(we) feel better and more relaxed.

I think we have experienced how infectious a smile can be and we __6__________(attract) by the energy of happy people laughing. So while I appreciate there is not always anything to smile at, I think that being able to smile at ourselves is a quality worth__7___________(develop). Even an internal smile or a case of faking it until you make it is __8___________(definite) a good investment to develop a sense of _9____________(satisfy) from within.

My new thing to do for the next month or so is to try to smile more often. Why don’t you try that too and let me know _10_____________you get on?

 

答案：or; shows; less; the; us; are attracted; developing; definitely; satisfaction; how

 

2.

Mr.Robinson，1.　　　 was a businessman，had to often travel somewhere.2.　　　 is often the case，he was in a hurry，he decided to go by air.He liked 3.　　　 (sit) beside a window，so when he got onto the plane，he looked for a window seat.He found all of them already taken except for one.There was a soldier 4.　　　 was sitting in the seat beside it.Wondering why this one had not been taken，Mr.Robinson at once went towards it.

When he reached it，however，Mr.Robinson saw that there was a notice 5.　　　　 (stick) on the seat, 6.　　　 said，“This seat is preserved for proper load balance，thank you.” Never saw such an unusual notice in a plane before，Mr.Robinson was a little 7.　　　 (surprise) but he thought that the plane must be carrying something particularly heavy in it，so he walked on and found an empty seat，8.　　　 was not beside a window，to sit in.Two or three people tried to sit in the window seat by the soldier，but they too read the notice and went on. When the plane was nearly full，a very beautiful girl hurried into the plane.The soldier，9.　　　 was watching the passengers coming in，quickly took the notice off the seat and in this way succeeded in 10.　　　 (have) the company of the girl during the whole trip.

 

答案：1.who　2.As　3.sitting　4.who/that　5.stuck  6．which　7.surprised　8.which  9.who　10.having  

 

3.

Classical Chinese garden design aims to create a natural landscape on a small scale and emphasize the perfect harmony between man and nature.

A Chinese garden 1.　　　　(be) like a scroll(卷轴) painting, 2.　　　　(show) a series of carefully composed scenes.New views are revealed as one walks along the pathways.In the gardens, 3.　　　　 the  most frequently meet the eyes are winding paths that seemingly lead to nowhere.

There, a path seems to end, but all of 4.　　　　 sudden, a new world is rolled out before you: pavilions(亭子), rock formations and spring water—all combined to provide a pleasant surprise! At the 5.　　　　(enter) to a Chinese garden, there is usually a huge stone or wall 6.　　　　(use) to screen your view so as to later produce unimaginable delight when you turn around the wall.A Chinese garden may have windows on all 7.　　　　(it) four walls.And it is 8.　　　　(interest) that, through the windows, visitors may see different views from different angles, and thus the composition of the garden becomes enlarged.

A Chinese garden is a place where culture is both created and enjoyed.All plants mark the shift of 9.　　　　(season)．Similarly, water, a symbol of the ever­changing, 10.　　　　 rocks, a symbol of the eternal(永恒的), create a harmonious balance of nature's yin and yang.

 

答案：1.is　2.showing　3.what 4.a　5.entrance/entry  6．used　7.its　8.interesting  9.seasons　10.and

 

4.

I am going to tell you an unbelievable thing that happened in my restaurant today.

This afternoon a poorly­dressed gentleman came into my restaurant.Nobody knew 1.　　　　 he was.We wondered 2.　　　　 he was so hungry.We were surprised 3.　　　 he finished two orders of food in a very limited time.We doubted 4.　　　　 the man was able to pay the bill.The gentleman asked 5.　　　　 we would mind waiting for just a few minutes.Then we were shocked to see 6.　　　 he took out of a letter——a million pound bank note.

I asked Mr.Clements 7.　　　 it was genuine.Mr.Clements said it was true because two of this amount had been issued by the Bank of England this year.He thought 8.　　　 the gentleman showed them couldn't be a false.

9．　　　 a gentleman with a million pound bank note was in rags and ate in our small restaurant was a big puzzle to all the people there.I really couldn't describe

10.　　　 excited I was.

 

答案：1.who　2.why　3.that　4.whether/if　5.whether/if　6.that  7.whether/if　8.what　9.Why　10.how