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初中英语一般过去时结构与用法

(2010-05-10 14:01:32)
标签：

初中英语

教育

 分类： 英语语法

I. 一般过去时的用法

一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：last year, yesterday等；也可表示过去经常反复发生的动作，常和often, always等频率副词连用。

例如：I saw him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上看见他了。

Li Mei always went to school on foot last year. 去年李梅总是步行上学。

注意：也可以用“used to +动词原形”表示过去经常或反复的动作。

eg. We used to get up early. 我以前总是早起。（意指现在不早起了）

1.一般过去时的形式：

动词be: 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was, 其余的人称一律用were。

动词have: 一律用had, 没有人称和数的变化。

行为动词：一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化，行为动词的过去式有两类，一类是规则动词，另一类是不规则动词。

一般过去时动词的肯定、否定、一般疑问句和简略回答以及特殊疑问句的形式见列表：

肯定、否定形式

 

　

 

肯 定

 

否 定

 

　

动词

be

 

I was …

 

I was not …

 

You were …

 

You were not …

 

He/She/It was …

 

He/She/It was not …

 

We

 

　

were …

 

We

 

　

were not …

 

You

 

You

 

They

 

They

 

　

动词

have

 

I

 

　

　

had …

 

I

 

　

　

had not …

 

You

 

You

 

He/She/It

 

He/She/It

 

We

 

We

 

You

 

You

 

They

 

They

 

　

行为动词

(study)

 

I

 

　

　

studied …

 

I

 

　

　

did not study

…

 

You

 

You

 

He/She/It

 

He/She/It

 

We

 

We

 

You

 

You

 

They

 

They

 

行为动词的过去时的否定式，要使用助动词 do 的过去式did，后面的谓语动词要还原为原形。注意：在非正式语如口语中，was not, were not, had not和did not 可以分别缩写成wasn’t, weren’t, hadn’t和didn’t。

一般疑问句和简略回答

 

　

 

一般疑问句

 

简略回答

 

　

动词

be

 

　

Were you …?

Was he …?

Were they …?

 

Yes, I was.

 

No, I was not.

 

Yes, he was.

 

 

 

　

动词

be

 

　

Were you …?

Was he …?

Were they …?

 

Yes, I was.

 

No, I was not.

 

Yes, he was.

 

No, he was not.

 

Yes, they were.

 

No, they were not.

 

　

动词

have

 

　

Had you …?

Had he …?

Had they …?

 

Yes, I had.

 

No, I had not.

 

Yes, he had.

 

No, he had not.

 

Yes, they had.

 

　

　

行为动词

(study)

 

　

　

Did you study … ?

Did he study …?

Did they study …?

 

No, they had not.

 

Yes, I did.

 

No, I did not.

 

Yes, he did.

 

No, he did not.

 

Yes, they did.

 

No, they did not.

 

特殊疑问句和简略回答

 

　

 

特殊疑问句

 

回答

 

动词be

 

Where was she?

 

She was at home.

 

行为动词(study)

 

When did you study English?

 

I studied it last year.

 

2.一般过去时的几种句型（这里只讲行为动词）

　　肯定句结构为：主语+动词的过去式+其他。如：He went to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天去玩具店了。

　　否定句结构为：主语+did not (didn’t)+动词原形+其他。如：He didn’t go to the toy store yesterday. 他昨天没去玩具店。

　　一般疑问句的构成：Did+主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：

　　1) -Did you go to Beijing last week?

　  　-Yes, we did. (No, we didn't.)

　　2) -Did you meet the businessman before?

　  　-No, I didn't. (Yes, I did.)

　　特殊疑问句的构成：疑问词＋did+主语＋动词原形＋其他？如：

　　1) -What did you do last night?

　　  -I did my homework.

　　2) -Where did you go last week?

　　  -I went to Shanghai with my parents.

 

一般过去时口诀

　　一般过去时并不难，表示过去动作、状态记心间。

　　动词要用过去式，时间状语句末站。

　　否定句很简单，didn’t 站在动词原形前，其他部分不要变。

　　一般疑问句也好变，did放在句子前，主语、动词原形、其他部分依次站。

　　特殊疑问句也简单，疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。

　　最后一条请注意，动词过去式要牢记。

　　小朋友们口诀记，学会一般过去时没问题。

 

Ⅱ. 行为动词的一般过去式变化规则

行为动词的过去式有规则变化和不规则变化两种。规则动词过去式的构成有四条规则：

　　①一般在动词原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。

　　②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。

　　③末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。

④末尾是辅音字母+y结尾的动词，先变y为i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。

(2)不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。如：am(is)-was, are-were, go-went, come-came, take-took, have (has)-had等。

 

一般过去时练习

一般过去时

一、选择

(     ) 1. What _____they _____dinner yesterday ?

A. do; have for  B. did; had for  C. did; have for  D. were; have for

(     ) 2. Could you tell me what time the plane     ?

 A. left  B. leaves  C. leaved  D. was leaving

(     ) 3. One of us ______band last month. 

 A. leaves  B. leave  C. leaved  D. left

(     ) 4. Where _______your mother born?

 A. are  B. was  C. were  D. is

(     ) 5. Do you know why he_____for class last year?

A.      was always late  B. always was late  C. is late always  D. is always late

(     ) 6. I got up _____this morning, so I _____breakfast and went to school.

A.      late; didn’t have  B. early; didn’t have  C. late; hadn’t  D. early; hadn’t

(     ) 7. It ______much cold today than it _____ yesterday.

A.      is; is  B. was; was  C. is; was  D. was; is

(   ) 8. He didn’t come_____goodbye to us and   away.

 A. say; go B. say;  went C. to say; went D. to say ; go

(     ) 9. Her pen was broken. She____ to _____a new one.

A.      wants; buys  B. wanted; bought  C. wants; bought  D. wanted; buy

(     ) 10. I thought the dress_____ really pretty.   

 A. is  B. was  C. /   D. were

(     ) 11. I    tired now, but it___ an exciting day.

 A. am; was  B. was; was  C. was; is  D. am; is

(     ) 12. He said he ______go to cook dinner for us.

 A. will   B. would  C. /  D. doesn’t

(     )13. I stayed in the sitting room  and ____my friends all the time.

A.      talk to  B. talked  C. talk about  D. talked to

(     )14. She also ____her ____in a 1990s style.

 A. weared; hair B. wore; hair C. wear; hair D. wears; hairs

(     )15. I went to see you last Saturday,        there         nobody in the room.

A.      but; was  B. and; were  C. and; was  D. but; is

二、用所给词的适当形式填空

1．He put the books away and ________ (go) home.

2.  The boy is running and________ (tie) his shoes on the playground.

3.  My father________ (buy) a new computer for________ (I ) yesterday.

4.  He often ______ (go) to school by bike, but last year he often _________ (walk) to school.

5.  After she finished _______ (pack) everything, she ________(go) to bed.

6. ---- Who______(wash) the plates on the table ?---- Jenny did.

7. ---- When _______ you_____ (see ) the film  “ Titanic”?

8. It’s half past eleven now. Jim_____ (have) lunch. He usually______(have) it at this time.

9. She ______(write) to Jill last month. She  _________(write)  to him next time.

10. The students ________ (stop) talking when their teacher came up.

三、单句改错：下面每句均有一处错误，指出并加以改正

1.  Did you found the answer to this question?                                

2.  Mary and her brother was born on the same day.                            

3.  We start this lesson about ten minutes ago.                                 

4.  She hadn’t anything for breakfast this morning.                             

5.  They came here for a year.                                             

6.  Amy singed a song for us at that party.                                    

7. He said he will help me with my English when he was free.                   

8.  The man saw the bag until it was late.                                     

 

 

 

 

一、. 句型转换

1. The children had a good time in the park.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

对划线部分提问：____________________________________

2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会)

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

对划线部分提问：____________________________________

3. There was only one problem.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

肯定/否定回答：____________________________________

4. Ann did her homework yesterday evening.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

对划线部分提问：____________________________________

5. Last week I read an English book.

否定句：__________________________________________

一般疑问句：________________________________________

肯定/否定回答：____________________________________

对划线部分提问：____________________________________

二、写出下列动词的三单现、过去式和现在分词

go ______ _______ _______ enjoy _______ _______ ________

buy ______ ______ _______ eat______ _______ _______

get _______ _______ _______ walk ________ _______ ________

take______ ______ ______ dance_______ ________ _______

write _______ ______ ______ run______ _______ _______

swim_______ _______ _______ find _______ _______ _______

begin______ ______ ______ eat ______ _______ ______

play ______ ______ _______ study ______ ______ ________

三. 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Tom and Mary ___________ (come) to China last month.

2. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.

So he ______ (get ) up late.

3. Mary __________ (read) English yesterday morning.

4. There _________ (be) no one here a moment ago.

5. I ___________ (call) Mike this morning.

6. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

7. Tom ___________ (begin) to learn Chinese last year.

8. Last week we _________ (pick) many apples on the farm.

9. My mother ________________ (not do) housework yesterday.

10. She watches TV every evening. But she ____________ (not watch) TV last night.

11．________ your father ________ ( go ) to work every day last year?

12．--What time _______ you _______ (get) to Beijing yesterday?

--We __________ (get) to Beijing at 9:00 in the evening.

13. What __________ (make) him cry (哭) just now?

14. Last year the teacher ___________ (tell) us that the earth moves around the sun.

15. There ____________ a telephone call for you just now. (be)

16. There __________ not enough people to pick apples that day. ( be)

17. There _____________( be not) any hospitals in my hometown (家乡) in 1940.

18. There ____________ enough milk at home last week, wasn’t there?

19. Eli ____________ to Japan last week. ( move)

20. –When _______ you _________ (come) to china? Last year.

21. Did she ________ (have) supper at home?

22. Jack ____________ (not clean) the room just now.

23. _________ (be) it cold in your city yesterday?

24. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

25. It ________ (be) hot yesterday and most children _______ (be) outside.

26. There ________ (be) a football match on TV yesterday evening, but I _________ (have) no time to watch it.

四. 请用正确动词形式填空。

1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.

2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.

3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.

4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.

5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend. She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.

6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.

7. My friend, Carol, ___________(study) for the math test and __________(practice) English last night.

8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.

9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.

10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.

五、按要求变换句型。

1. Father bought me a new bike. （同义句）

Father bought _______ _______ ________ ________ me.

2. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

_______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

3. He’s cleaning his rooms. （划线提问）________ he _______?

4. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句）

_______ ________ ________ out for a walk?

5. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）

Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.

6. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）

________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

7. I didn’t have any friends. （一般疑问句）

________ _______ have _______ friends?

8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句）____________________

9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）

Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.

10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问）

_______ _______ he _______ ________?

六. 翻译下列句子

1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。

_________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.

2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的书籍。

Jenny likes ______ _______. She _______ a book ______ ________ last night.

3. Emma每天都练习弹吉他。可是昨天他没有练习。他为数学考试作准备了。

Emma __________ the guitar every day. But he _________ ___________ yesterday. He _________ _________ the math test.

4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。

What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?

They _________ __________ homework and _________ ________ __________.

5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。

This morning Fangfang _______ _______ _______ _______ because his father _______ ________ ________ yesterday.

6. 你还有什么要说的？

What _______ would you like _______ _______?

7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。

Don’t forget _______ ________ ________ ________ the teacher.

8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？

Why _______ you _______ TV last night?

9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。

When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.

10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。

---When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.

 

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