HTML5如何改变互联网

HTML5，下一代用来制作网页的标记语言，它能不借助插件（如Adobe的Flash）的情况下在浏览器中播放视频的能力已引起人们的关注。但是其鲜为人知的那些特性最终或许会对互联网体验起到巨大的影响。

Experts say that what HTML5 does behind the scenes--such as its network communications and browser storage features--could make pages load faster (particularly on sluggish mobile devices), make Web applications work more smoothly, and even enable browsers to read older Web pages more easily.

　　专家说HTML5在屏幕背后处理的事情——如网络通信和浏览程序储存特性——能让网页加载更快（特别是在速度比较慢的移动设备上），能让互联网应用运行的更流畅，甚至能让浏览器更容易的读取旧的网页。

Many websites now act like desktop applications--Web-based office productivity suites and photo-editing tools, for example. But many of the sophisticated features of these sites depend on connections that developers create between different Web technologies, such as HTML, javascript, and cascading style sheets (CSS)--connections that don't always work perfectly. As a result, websites can be sluggish, may work differently from browser to browser, and can be vulnerable to security holes.

　　如今许多网站就像桌面应用——如网络Offce套件，图片编辑工具。但是这些网站应用的许多高科技的特性是开发者运用不同互联网开发技术的结合开发出来的，如HTML，Javascript,和CSS——但这些技术的结合并不总是运行得完美。因此，网站变得很慢，在不同的浏览器上也许表现得不同，并且很容易被攻击。

Bruce Lawson, who evangelizes about open Web standards at Opera Software, says that to make websites perform functions the Web wasn't originally designed for, developers must perform complex coding tasks that can easily introduce errors and make applications fail.

　　在Opera软件上传播开放性互联网标准的Bruce Lawson曾说要让网站运行那些本不是互联网原本设计中的功能，开发人员就要编辑非常复杂的代码，这些代码很容易出现错误导致应用失败。

The group working on HTML5, Lawson says, was given the tall order of making the specification more forgiving than its predecessors so that older or improperly coded websites will work better in HTML5-enabled browsers. They also wanted to extend the specification forward to support modern trends such as rich Internet applications. "The basis of HTML5 is relentlessly pragmatic," he says. "It's designed to reflect what people are actually doing."

Lawson说，开发HTML5的小组被任命了很高的要求，需要让HTML5比其前身更加兼容以至于老版本或者编码不正确的网站也能在HTML5为核心的浏览器上运行良好。他们也希望拓展这些特性来支持目前主流的趋势如富应用。他还说：“HTML5的基础是非常务实，它是为人们正在做什么而设计的。”

Experts point to a feature called Web Sockets as an example of the improvements that HTML5 can offer. Web Sockets provide a website with an application programming interface (API) that opens an ongoing connection between a page and a server, so that information can pass between them in real-time. Normally, the browser has to make a request every time it wants an update.

　　专家指出，其中一个特性互联网通信接口就是一个HTML5可以提供的改进方案。互联网通信接口为网站提供API来打开一个页面和服务器端正在通信的连接使得信息可以实时的在其中进行传递。通常情况下，每次需要更新的时候浏览器需要发出一个请求。

The effect of Web Sockets is something like moving from having a conversation via e-mail to having it via instant message, says Ben Galbraith, who cofounded the Web development site Ajaxian.com, and is director of developer relations at Palm. With e-mail, each message is sent as a single event, while instant messages allow for a smooth, ongoing conversation.

　　互联网开发网站Ajaxian.com联合创始人，Palm开发关系总监Ben Galbraith说，互联网通信接口的效果就好像把通过e-mail进行的对话变成了一个即时的消息。e-mail，每条消息通过单独的事件进行发送，然而即时消息允许流畅的持续不断的对话。

Web developers have previously devised ways to keep browsers and servers in constant communication, but Galbraith describes the techniques as "ingenious hacks" that are complicated to execute and don't scale well. Web Sockets, he says, promises an easy way for developers to create Web pages that change in real time--increasingly important with the proliferation of more sources of real-time data, such as instant status updates from social networking users. Users can expect to see Web applications with real-time feeds running more smoothly and with fewer errors.

　　互联网开发人员先前设计了许多方法使得浏览器和服务器端保持通信，但是Galbraith把这些技术称为“设计独特的破解”，他们运行起来非常复杂并且延展性不佳。他说，互联网通信接口可以为开发者提供一个简单的方法来帮助他们创建那些即时改变的页面——随着越来越多的即时信息的传递这个变得更加重要，如来自于社交网络用户即时的状态更新。用户可以看到即时信息传递的互联网应用运行得更加流畅并且无误。

HTML5 could also help Web applications work better when devices are disconnected from the Internet or intermittently connected, as is common with smart phones, says Alon Salant, who owns Carbon Five, a San Francisco-based company that specializes in building Web applications. A feature called Web Storage lets Web applications store more data inside the browser, retrieve it more intelligently, and control how browsers save parts of pages for faster reloading.

Carbon Five（一家旧金山专门开发应用的公司）的拥有者，AlonSalant说，当设备与互联网断开连接或间歇性连接时（智能手机环境下非常普遍），HTML5可以帮助互联网应用运行的更加出色。互联网存储这个特性可以使互联网应用在浏览器中存储更多的数据，智能地获取这些数据并且控制浏览器如何来存储这些数据来加快页面的重新加载

Galbraith is also excited about several features of the newest version of CSS that are designed to work with HTML5. These features will make Web pages more responsive to user input and allow for higher-quality graphics-- things that Web pages aren't normally good at. HTML5 allows developers to embed windows of animation onto a page, but Galbraith says new CSS functionality would perform better.

　　Gallbraith对于几个与HTML5共同工作的最新设计的CSS特性兴奋不已。这些特性使得网页对于用户更加具有交互性并且允许高质量的图形界面——这个是目前网页不擅长的地方。HTML5允许开发者在页面中内嵌动画，但是，Galbraith说新的CSS将会工作的更加出色

Lawson says users will also see improved performance from other features of HTML5. For example, improvements in the way browsers handle forms will reduce the amount of javascript needed and speed up page loading, particularly on mobile devices.

　　Lswson说用户将会看到HTML5其他的一些特性所带来的性能的改善。例如，在浏览器处理表单方面的改善将减少大量的Javascript代码来加快页面的加载，特别在移动设备中。

Chris Blizzard, Mozilla's director of evangelism, points to the significance of the HTML5 parser. A browser's parser reads the markup used to build a page and figures out how to display it. Blizzard says this is one of the most significant parts of the specification. It's meant to make browsers more interoperable, particularly in the way they handle badly written code. Instead of letting each browser maker decide how to handle imperfect code, the parser specifies what responses to errors should be. This should give users a more consistent experience, regardless of the browser they're using, he says.

　　Mozillar首席传播者，Chris Blizzard指出HTML5分析器的重要性。一个浏览器的分析器读取制造网页的标记来算出如何展现它。Blizzard说这是标准说明的最重要的一个部分之一。它意味着能让浏览器更加具有可操作性，特别在处理拙劣代码的方法上，解析器定义了应该如何响应错误来代替让各个浏览器制造者决定如何来处理这些不完美的代码，这让用户不论在使用哪个浏览器，都可以获得相同的用户体验

While HTML5 seems to present a long list of big changes, Lawson says, the main purpose is to provide simpler ways to do what developers were already doing, making it less likely that they will make errors. Lawson says, "The greater the simplicity, the greater the robustness and therefore the greater the experience for the end user--that's the take I've got."

　　Lawson说，虽然看上去HTML5好像呈现了非常多的巨大的改变，但是其主要目的是为开发者正在做的事情提供一个更加容易的解决方法，使得错误减少。程序越是简单，它就越是健壮，因此终端用户体验也就越佳，这个就是我的感受。