加载中…1858-生铁（白口铁）的英文为什么是“猪铁”
(2014-01-06 13:14:09) 生铁（白口铁）的英文为什么是“猪铁”
------ pig iron？
在“百度”中检索：生铁的英文为什么是“猪铁”的话，可以看到一篇文章：
《“为什么英语把生铁称为‘猪’”新解》；其中内容如下：
据英语有关文献介绍，“最早的浇注生铁的方法是使铁水流人一个预先用铸型砂围着模型做好了的浇注场。熔融铁先由出铁槽（主铁水沟）流人多条分支铁水沟（被称之为‘母猪’）。又从这些铁水沟分流到以合适角度对着这些铁水沟的许多排小的铁水槽。因此把这种铁称之为pig iron‘猪铁’”，即中文的“生铁”。“‘猪’的称呼来自于相对于主流渠道的各小条铸铁模的排列方式，类似于带小猪的母猪”。
昆明工学院 冶金系 朱祖泽（编者按：此解予我刊1991，№3，P.31所载“为什么英语把生铁称为‘猪’”注入新意）
采用“Why pig iron this name”检索，可以看到资料[1]；之后，溯源到资料[2]、[3]。
还有两个疑惑：一个，我特别想知道的是，云南冶金在1991年一期上的其他解释。花了很多时间也没有结果。另一个，十七世纪之前，人们在提到“pig iron”的时候，用的是什么词汇？
猪，何其有幸成为我们的一个专业词汇的“组成元素”；也许，我们才是有幸？
参考资料：
[1]
*As you may or may not know, PIG IRON is raw iron in an ingot form. It is the immediate product of smelting iron ore with coke and limestone in a blast furnace. It is a hard but brittle mix of iron （90% or more） and carbon （typically 4-5%）, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus, and silicon （roughly 3% in total）. It requires further treatment in a bessemer converter or basic oxygen furnace to produce steel or wrought iron.
The name is derived from the time when the iron ran into molds in sand beds fed from a common runner. The row of molds was said to resemble a litter of suckling pigs, hence the individual ingots were referred to as pigs and the runner was called the sow. I hope that this aswers your inquiry.
The above information was exerpted from Wikipedia.org.
**Because blast furnaces produced increased quantities of iron from the ore, the molten iron was cast into bars, called pig iron, for later remanufacturing.
The furnaces were built and operated for the purpose of extracting iron from the native iron ores. The objective was to form bars of cold cast iron for transfer to a foundry for later remanufacture. These were made in molds pressed in the very dry sandy floor. A main trench directed the molten iron to a distribution trench from which many side branches were formed. The molten iron was cast into bars called "pigs"; hence, the common name of "pig iron."
***Because blast furnaces produced increased quantities of iron from the ore, the molten iron was cast into bars, called pig iron, for later remanufacturing.
The furnaces were built and operated for the purpose of extracting iron from the native iron ores. The objective was to form bars of cold cast iron for transfer to a foundry for later remanufacture. These were made in molds pressed in the very dry sandy floor. A main trench directed the molten iron to a distribution trench from which many side branches were formed. The molten iron was cast into bars called "pigs"; hence, the common name of "pig iron."
The name pig iron is meaningless to non-farm people, as it is a figment of the imagination of the blast furnace workers--all of whom were very familiar with the keeping of pigs. Workers before World War I were, in almost all cases, required to have a kitchen garden, and keep cows, chickens and pigs. This was a matter of survival and considered part of the compensation in a company town or village. The workers were very familiar with the appearance of a mother pig, called a sow, and her dozen or more nursing piglets. As they looked at the molten iron flowing from the hearth in the base of the furnace stack, the trench of red iron with the many short side branches made them think of a sow （the large feeder trench） and pigs （the end result）.
As Robert Frost would say, "One has to be schooled in country things."
The site where I found the above material is http://www.oldeforester.com/ironintr.htm .
（就是后面的[3]）
[2]
Pig iron is the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel such as coke, usually with limestone as a flux. Charcoal and anthracite have also been used as fuel. Pig iron has a very high carbon content, typically 3.5–4.5%,[1] along with silica and other constituents of dross, which makes it very brittle and not useful directly as a material except for limited applications.
The traditional shape of the molds used for these ingots was a branching structure formed in sand, with many individual ingots at right angles to a central channel or runner. Such a configuration is similar in appearance to a litter of piglets suckling on a sow. When the metal had cooled and hardened, the smaller ingots （the pigs） were simply broken from the much thinner runner （the sow）, hence the name pig iron. As pig iron is intended for remelting, the uneven size of the ingots and the inclusion of small amounts of sand caused only insignificant problems considering the ease of casting and handling them.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Casting_pig_iron,_Iroquois_smelter,_Chicago.jpg
Casting pig iron, Iroquois smelter, Chicago, between 1890 and
1901
[3]
[4]
下面的两个词语似乎与 pig 无太大关系。一个是 pig iron。17 世纪时，人们把从鼓风炉炉膛里流出的熔液称为 pig iron（生铁）；把铁水称为 sow，把铁锭称为 pigs；（文科生有些“偷懒”了，其实，很有关系的；我们都是从“农耕”到“工业时代”的；猪铁，就浸含、保留着发展的轨迹、痕迹。去追溯他们的源头，是后人的责任。）
http://www.banklands.com/images/06 Casting pig iron.jpg
（相应的地址有很多的“工业时代”的老照片）
Crystalline structure of mold cast ingot
（这是搂草打兔子，捎带手儿的收获；教学可用，当然，苏联人的更好。）
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