以-one和-body组成的不定代词用法上的区别

英语中以-one和-body组成的不定代词，数量不多，但意义非常接近，它们的区别往往被人们忽视。有的词典干脆写成anyone=anybody, everyone=everybody等，而有些人则机械地把以-one组成的不定代词和以-body组成的不定代词混为一谈，无区别的使用。其实不然，这两种词之间在意义上是有区别的。这个区别相当于一般和具体、普遍和特殊、集体和个体之间的对立。现就这种区别举例说明如下：

一、以-one组成的不定代词，突出个体意义，特别是指一个群体中的一个个成员，表现出说话人对群体中的一个个感兴趣。这是考虑到-one的数量意义。如everyone of my friends, anyone of them,正因为这样，each只和one结合成复合词，　而不同body结合。如：

1. Everyone knows that if he shouts in the vicinity of a wall or a mountainside, an echo will come back. (New Concept English, Book IV,以下简称NCE)

2. No one in the whole land could shoot with a bow and arrow so well as he could.

3. We must learn from everyone, both from our enemies, and our friends, especially from our enemies. (The Youth Must Master Science by J.V.Stalin)

二、用-one组成的不定代词所暗示的对象，可能通过用限制性附加语或从句的形式等来说明。如:

4. Anyone who played even in a school football match knows this.(NCE BookIV)

5. I read three books on the subject, no one of which was helpful.

6. The administrative overhead of a business is low to the extent that everyone working in the business can be trusted to behave in a way that best promotes the interests of the firm. (NCE P.146 BookⅣ)

三、有时说话人选用-one组成的代词，并没有提到对象，但读者可以从上下文中体会到这个对象的存在。如：

7. No one (having been to the workroom) would say that he would not see the emperor’s new clothes.

8. Everyone (at my house) was excited about the snakes, but I insisted on doing it alone. (The Day I unpacked the Snakes by Raymond Ditmass, Reading LaboratoryⅢb)

9. The dean and the committee went out to decide who the successful candidate was, but everyone (the dean and the committee) was sure what their decision would be.

四、若指的是一般意义上的人，则用-body组成的代词，而不用-one组成的代词。例如在成语、格言、命令和建议性叙述及普遍适用的叙述中，常用-body组成的代词。如：

10. Everybody is a soldier.

11. Everybody loves a lover.

12. Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.

13. Why don’t you ask somebody to help you?

14. As the American author, Mark Twain , once said, everybody talks about the weather, but nobody does anything about it.

五、以-body组成的代词，有时可用来表达该人并不属于某一群体，而是指“陌生人”、“外来人”、“不明来历的人”等。如：

15. That must be somebody from the Foreign Ministry.

16. There is somebody waiting for you.

17. Don’t tell it to anybody.

六、当说话人对一个个人物缺乏兴趣的情况下，则总是用-body组成的代词，尽管提到的人物也可能属于某群体。正因为如此，英国广播公司（BBC）的播音员在结束一天的广播时，总是说“Good night, everybody.”他并不是把听众设想为一个个的人。如：

18. “The levee is gone,” everybody screamed. ( Disaster in Dayton by Jennice Parsons, Reading LaboratoryⅢb)

19. After he reached us, everybody in the house went up to the top floor.(同上)

20. Sit down, everybody.

七、以-one组成的代词，可以分开写成两个词，而-body组成的代词则不能。

八、以-body组成的复合词，从它们的形式上看，同名词密切有关；而包含有数词-one的复合词，从形式上看，只有代词的性质。因此，只有以-body组成的复合词才可以带不定冠词或有复数词尾。如：two or three anybodies(COD)

He is a nobody.

Think oneself to be a somebody.

以上所述关于-body和-one组成的不定代词在使用上的区别并不都是绝对的。这两种形式的词在很多情况下是可以互相替用的。这要看说话人要表达的意思，说话人的主观态度决定他用什么形式来表达自己的意见。如果说话人强调个体，他就会用-one；如果他强调整体或觉得与被指对象心理上有距离，则他往往喜欢用-body。

因此，在遇到含有-body和-one的句子时，应注意分析比较，力求准确地理解句子意思。