Seeking for "pamphilus, seu de amore"

标签:
杂谈 |
分类: 人文 |
**************************************************************************************************
词源解释:
- pamphlet http://www.etymonline.com/graphics/dictionary.gif
- "small, unbound treatise," late 14c., from Anglo-Latin panfletus, popular short form of "Pamphilus, seu de Amore" ("Pamphilus, or about Love"), a short L. love poem of 12c., popular and widely copied in Middle Ages; the name from Gk. pamphilos "loved by all," from pan- "all" + philos "loving, dear." Meaning "brief work dealing with questions of current interest" is late 16c. Pamphleteer (n.) is first recorded 1640s.
-
维基介绍:
the adverb
相关文章:
It is a truism, yet often ignored, that the Middle Ages did not end abruptly in 1500. E. Ph. Goldschmidt, for instance, has analysed the publications of early printers and demonstrated 'that a great proportion of the surviving writings of the Middle Ages were not only known but in current use and circulation continuously fill about 1600'.(1) This point is well illustrated by Pamphilus de amore, and by the existence of its neglected yet extremely interesting sixteenth-century translation into 'Inglish toung'. Pamphilus de amore was a medieval bestseller: indeed Jill Mann calls it 'one of the the best-known narratives of courtship in the Middle Ages'.(2) Yet today it seems virtually forgotten, at least among English medievalists; recent study of it has been conducted largely by continental scholars.(3) It may therefore be a necessary preliminary to say a little about the work and its reputation. The theme is love, and the plot concerns a seduction. Pamphilus, the young man, falls passionately in love with a girl, Galathea, but she, though clearly attracted to him, is highly virtuous. Pamphilus seeks the aid of an old woman, or go-between, who lures Galathea to her house, and there leaves her alone with Pamphilus, who overcomes her resistance, in effect by raping her. Generically, the work is a comedia, i.e. a comic narrative in elegiac verse, written in a familiar style, and usually ending happily. (In this case the bawd implies, a little implausibly, that marriage will put everything right.) But Pamphilus is more dramatic than most medieval comedies, since it is conducted entirely in dialogue. Despite its great popularity, the work's origins are shrouded in mystery: we do not know the name of its author, and scholars have reached very different conclusions as to its date and place of origin. In fact, although the oldest manuscripts belong to the thirteenth century, there are several twelfth-century references to the work, and Peter Dronke has argued that it was composed c. 1100.(4)
There is abundant testimony to the great popularity of Pamphilus. One small but interesting piece of evidence is lexical: the name gave us the word pamphlet.(5) Another is the sheer number of texts that survive: there are sixty complete manuscripts, and many other partial copies, fragments, and extracts embedded in florilegia. The work retained its popularity well into the age of printing: there are twenty or so incunabula, and several sixteenth-century editions. In order to indicate the wide diffusion of these texts, Blumenthal employs a good medieval trope: they stretch from England to Poland, and from Italy to Scandinavia.(6) Another type of evidence is the wealth of quotation of and allusion to Pamphilus, found not only in continental writers but also in English ones, such as Gower, Chaucer, Skelton, and Skelton's contemporary Thomas Field.(7) These provide clues for the popularity of a work that to many modern readers, I suspect, now seems deeply unattractive. Derek Brewer, who was conscious of this, remarked: 'No doubt its parodic wordplay and its deep cynicism about love made it attractive to a learned and celibate clergy.'(8)
Was this indeed why medieval readers enjoyed Pamphilus? In translation the wit and elegance of its style tend to vanish, and it is difficult to convey the word-play, rhetorical devices, scriptural parody, and echoes of classical poets, particularly Ovid. But it was also valued for another and more surprising reason: as a source of sententious wisdom. The frequent axioms and proverbs strewn throughout the work, as an embellishment, were sometimes divorced from their erotic context, and featured in florilegia as Proverbia Pamphili. Pamphilus himself, as this phrase suggests, was often taken to be the name of the author, and therefore figured in lists of sages and philosophers, sandwiched between …