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简六级阅读-题源文章 Passage1

题源时文一

【文章大意】

本文主要探讨了学生债务不断增加这一社会问题，该问题在发达国家尤其严重，华尔街抗议者建议要全面免除大学生债务偿还义务，但却遭到了一些人的反对。文章最后提出了有助于解决该问题的方法。

【题源时文】

     Student loans are based on a simple idea: that a graduate's future flow of earnings will more than cover the costs of doing a degree. But with unemployment rates in parts of the rich world at post-war highs, that may no longer hold true for many people.

     All over the world student indebtedness is causing problems. In Britain, according to a recent report, rising university fees mean that student debt is likely to treble (增为三倍) to ￡70 billion by 2015. But, partly because higher education there is so expensive, the scale of the problem is far greater in America. When the next official estimates of outstanding student debt there are published, it is expected to be close to $1 trillion, higher than credit-card borrowing. Credit quality in other classes of consumer debt has been improving; delinquency (拖欠) rates on student loans are rising.

     Many of the anti-Wall Street protesters push the idea of blanket debt forgiveness as a solution. But that is the wrong answer. Higher education is not a guarantee of employment, but it improves the odds immensely. Unemployment rates among university graduates stood at 4.4% on average across OECD countries in 2009. People who did not complete secondary school faced unemployment rates of 11.5%. Much of the debt that students are taking on is provided or guaranteed by the government. Imposing write-offs (勾销) on all taxpayers to benefit those with the best job prospects is unfair, and ripping up contracts between borrowers and private lenders is usually a bad idea.

     That said, student-loan systems in America and elsewhere are often badly designed for an extended period of high unemployment. In contrast to the housing crash, the risk from student debt is not of a sudden explosion in losses but of gradual financial chocking. The pressure needs to be eased.

      One option is to change the bankruptcy laws. In America, Britain and elsewhere, these treat student debt as a special case: unlike other forms of debt, it cannot be wiped out. If student debt is not to restrict existing graduates and put off future ones, the rules could be changed so that it is dischargeable in bankruptcy. Yet the reasoning behind the current bankruptcy provisions is logical enough: education is a property that cannot be repossessed and that keeps on benefiting the individual through his or her lifetime. Some worry that graduates would rush to declare bankruptcy, handing losses to taxpayers.

      So a second option is preferable. Many countries, America included, have designed student debt primarily as a mortgage like obligation: it is repaid to a fixed schedule. Other places, like Britain and Australia, make student-loan repayments depend on reaching an income threshold so that the prospect of taking on debt is more acceptable to people from poorer backgrounds. That approach makes sense, especially when jobs are scarce. Income-based repayment ought to become the norm.                                  

【题源分析】

本文选自《经济学人》

【核心词汇及短语】

bankruptcy  n. 破产

indebtedness  n. 债务

preferable  a. 更好的，更可取的

repossess  v. 收回

threshold   n. 门槛；临界值

rip up  撕碎，撕毁

wipe out  消灭，彻底摧毁

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