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专八 人文知识 美国概况(一)

(2012-02-14 16:26:13)
标签:

教育

人文知识

英语

专八

美国概况

分类: 专四专八

                              概述 General Introduction

 

1. Introduction(简介)

1Official Name (官方国名)

The United States of America (美利坚合众国)

The United States of America is also called the States, the US or Uncle Sam.

2American National Flag (美国国旗)

American national flag was originally set on July 14th, 1777. It consisted of 13 stripes, which represented the original 13 states. Now there are 50 stars on the flag representing America’s 50 states. In addition, there are three colors: white, red and blue.

3Location (地理位置)

The United States is a country in the Western Hemisphere. It consists of 48 contiguous states on the North American continent, Alaska, and Hawaii. The continental United States lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south, the Atlantic Ocean to its east and the Pacific Ocean to its west. The two newest states Alaska and Hawaii are separated from the continental United States: Alaska borders on northwestern Canada, and Hawaii lies in the central Pacific.(美国位于西半球,北美洲中部,由50个州组成, 领土还包括北美洲西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷群岛。美国北与加拿大接壤,南靠墨西哥湾,西临太平洋,东濒大西洋。)

4Population (人口)

America is the third most populous country in the world after China and India. The population of the United States is a bit more than 272 million, about 13% of which are Black, 12% are Hispanic (拉裔美国人), 4% are Asian and the rest are White Americans. (美国人口排名世界第三,仅次于中国和印度。)

2.  Geographical Regions (地理区域)

1New England States

Much of the land is mountainous. New England is called the birthplace of America. It was the chief center of the American War of Independence.

It is also well known for its position in education, with many universities located there such as Yale, Harvard, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology. New Englanders were originally known as Yankees (美国佬). (新英格兰是美国的发源地,美国独立战争爆发于此。耶鲁、哈佛、麻省理工大学都坐落于此。)

2Middle Atlantic Coast States

 The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. is located there, so is New York.(华盛顿和纽约坐落于此。)

3Middle Western States

It lies in the north part of the United States. The humid continental weather makes the Midwest America’s most important agricultural area.

It is also the country’s leading center of heavy industry.

Chicago, the largest and busiest port on the Great Lakes, is the largest industrial and commercial center of the area.

 Detroit is known as the automobile capital of the world.

(这里是美国农业和重工业中心。芝加哥是这里的工商业中心,底特律是世界“汽车之都”。)

4The South

The South is rich in mineral resources. It now contains 90% of the American textile industry. (这里有丰富的矿产资源。)

5The American West

It can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and the Intermountain Basin and Plateaus. It is not heavily populated and labor is scarce.

Colorado has been called the steel city of the west. Denver is the largest city of the Great Plains, and it is also known as recreation center. (科罗拉多市被称作“西部钢城”, 丹佛市是大平原地区最大的城市, 也是著名的旅游区。)

There are many famous national parks in Rockies, such as Yellowstone National Park (黄石国家公园), Rocky Mountain National Park (落基山国家公园) and Glacier National Park (冰川国家公园). The Grand Canyon (大峡谷) in northwestern Arizona is one of nature’s most impressive sights.

6The Pacific Coast

Los Angeles is the Pacific Coast’s largest and busiest commercial city; San Francisco is the second largest city in California.

7Alaska (阿拉斯加)

Alaska, which occupies the northwestern corner of North America, extends northward into the Arctic Circle (北极圈). It is a frontier state rich in natural resources, which include minerals, forests, fisheries and wildlife. Today, oil is the most valuable mineral produced in Alaska. It is separated in the west from Russia’s Siberia (西伯利亚) by the Bering Strait (白令海峡). Inuits (因纽特人), who are often called Eskimos (爱斯基摩人), live in Alaska.

8Hawaii (夏威夷)

Hawaii is located in the Pacific Ocean. It has a humid tropical climate and fertile soil. Mauna Loa (莫纳罗亚山), the world’s largest active volcano, is located in Hawaii. Sugar cane and pineapple are Hawaii’s two main crops. Tourism is Hawaii’s most important industry. Honolulu (火奴鲁鲁)is the capital of Hawaii.(夏威夷首都是火奴鲁鲁,支柱产业是旅游,甘蔗和菠萝是主要作物。)

3. Important American Cities (美国主要城市)

1Washington D.C.(华盛顿)

美国首都华盛顿, 位于美国东北部,全称“华盛顿哥伦比亚特区” (Washington D.C.) ,是为纪念美国开国元勋乔治·华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布而命名的。华盛顿在行政上由联邦政府直辖,不属于任何一个州。

华盛顿是美国的政治中心,White House (白宫)、Capitol (国会大厦)、美国最高法院以及绝大多数政府机构均设在这里。国会大厦建在被称为“国会山”的全城最高点上,它是华盛顿的象征。

华盛顿有许多纪念性建筑。例如Washington Monument (华盛顿纪念碑)、杰弗逊纪念堂和林肯纪念堂。

2New York City (纽约市)

纽约市坐落在世界上最大的都会区——大纽约都会区的心脏地带,是国际级 的经济、金融、交通、艺术及传媒中心,更被视为都市文明的代表。此外,由于联合国总部设于该市,因此被世人誉为“世界之都”。

纽约是美国最大城市及第一大港,也是世界第一大城市,它一直是世界上最重要的商业和金融中心。纽约市是一座全球化的大都市,也是世界级城市。纽约在全球的媒体、政治、教育、娱乐以及时尚界有着举足轻重的地位。纽约与英国伦敦、日本东京并称为世界三大国际都会。

纽约别称大苹果(The Big Apple)、哥谭镇(Gotham,愚人村)、不夜城(The City That Never Sleeps)、世界之都(The Capital of the World)、帝国之城(The Empire City)。

3Boston (波士顿)

波士顿,是Massachusetts (马萨诸塞州)的首府和最大城市,也是New England (新英格兰地区)最大的城市。该市位于美国东北部大西洋沿岸,创建于1630年,是美国最古老、最有文化价值的城市之一。

波士顿被誉为“美国雅典”,是因为在波士顿大都会区拥有超过100所大学,25万多名大学生在此接受教育。Harvard College (哈佛大学), The Massachusetts Institute of Technology (麻省理工大学)坐落于此。

4Los Angeles (洛杉矶)

洛杉矶是美国加利福尼亚州最大的城市,美国第二大城市(仅次于纽约市),洛杉矶拥有全球知名的各种专业与文化领域的机构,更是美国最重要的经济中心。

洛杉矶是旅游中心,仅次于San Francisco (旧金山)和New York (纽约),也是电影和电视剧制作中心,第一部电影于1908年制作于此,Hollywood (好莱坞)Disney Land (迪士尼乐园)坐落于此。

5Chicago (芝加哥)

芝加哥位于美国中西部,属Illinois state (伊利诺州),东临Lake Michigan(密歇根湖)。芝加哥及其郊区组成的大芝加哥地区,是美国仅次于纽约市和洛杉矶的第三大都会区。

芝加哥常见的别名包括:“The Second City (第二城),“The Windy City (风城)和“芝城”等。 Sears Tower (西尔斯大厦)坐落于此,是美国最高的摩天大楼。

芝加哥新闻媒介灵敏度高,传播迅速。它拥有110多家报纸、许多大报社,诸如Chicago Tribune (《芝加哥论坛报》,日发行量668万份), Chicago SunTimes (《芝加哥太阳时报》,日发行量501万份)和Chicago Daily News (《芝加哥每日新闻》)等的总部均设在芝加哥。

6San Francisco (旧金山)

旧金山位于美国加利福尼亚州西北部,美国西海岸中点,是太平洋沿岸仅次于洛杉矶的第二大港口城市。是美国与太平洋地区贸易的主要海港,素有“西海岸门户”之称。

7Atlanta (亚特兰大)

亚特兰大(Atlanta Botanical)位于美国东部,是美国三大高地城市之一,它既是一座历史名城,也是一个新兴的工商业城市和文化、医疗卫生中心。1836年作为铁路终点站而兴建,是南北战争(1861-1865)时南方军的战略要地。CNN和可口可乐的总部坐落于此,亚特兰大也是Martin Luther King (马丁·路德·金)的故乡。

8Philadelphia (费城)

费城位于Pennsylvania (宾夕法尼亚州)东南部,是美国的古都,也是第四大都市。随着岁月的流逝与工业的发展,费城的重要性已逐渐褪色,但是在十八世纪中叶,费城却是起草与签署Declaration of Independence (《独立宣言》)的地方,美国独立战争爆发于此, 第一次和第二次大陆会议(Continental Congresses)均是在此召开。而美国宪法草案也是在费城起草和签署的。贝茜·罗斯(Betsy Ross)在这里设计并升起了美国国旗;国父乔治·华盛顿也在此度过了不少岁月。这里是美国和美国民主的诞生地。

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