1.It
is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who
...
该句型是强调句型。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that 可以由 who
换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。
2. It is
not until + 被强调部分 + that ...
该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语 “直到……才……”,可以说是 not ... until ...
的强调形式。
It was not
until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a
famous film star.
= Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film
star.
= I didn't realize she was a famous film star until she took off
her dark glasses.
3. It is clear
/obvious/true/possible/certain… that …
该句型中it
是形式主语,真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句,常译为 “
清楚(显然,真的,肯定……)”是主语从句最常见的一种结构。
It is very
clear that he's round and tall like a tree.
= That he's round and tall like a tree is very clear.
4. It is
important /necessary/ right/strange/natural... that ...+(should)
do
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。由于主句中的形容词不同,that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should
可以省去。
5. It is said
(reported, learned…) that …
该句型中的it
仍是形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的主语从句。该结构常译为“ 据说(据报道,据悉……)”。
6. It is
suggested ( ordered, required ... ) that ... +(should)
do
该句型和上一个同属一个句型。主句中的过去分词是表示请求,建议,命令等词时,that 后的从句要用虚拟语气(should +
动词原形),should 可以省。常译为“ 据建议;有命令……)”。
7. It is a pity
( a shame ... ) that ...
该句型中,that
后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should + 动词原形),should
可省去.表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity
that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class.
这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾!
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了,真遗憾!
8. It is time (
about time , high time ) that ...
该句型中that
后的从句应该用虚拟语气,值得注意的是① 常用过去时态表示虚拟.② 有时也用should + 动词原形,should
不能省。常译为“是(正是)……的时侯……”。
9. It is the
first ( second … ) time that …
该句型要和上一个句型区别开来。该句型中的 that
从句不用虚拟语气,而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态,由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时,后面从句用现在完成时态;如果是一般过去时,后面从句则用过去完成时态。该结构中
that 可以省去;it 有时用 this 替换,常译为“是第一(二)……次……”。
It is the first
time I have been here.
= This is the first time I have been here.
10. It
is … since ...
该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时,又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题。主句中是时间作表语,其时态是现在时或完成时,since
引导的从句通常是一般过去时态,而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时,从句则用过去完成时。
11. It is ...
when ...
该句型中的 when
引导的是一个时间状语从句,主句中的 it 指时间,表语由具体的时间充当。常译为“当……的时候,是……”。
12. It be ...
before ...
该句型主句中的 it 指时间, 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态.主句中的表语多是long, not long , 3
days , 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语。常译为“……之后……”。
13. It happens
(seems, looks, appears ) that...
该句型中it是形式主语,that 引导的是主语从句,主句中的happen, seem 等词是不及物动词.
It happened (
so happened ) that he met his teacher in the
street. 碰巧……
It seems that he will be back in a few
days. 看来……
14. It
takes sb. … to do sth.
该句型中的不定式是真正的主语,it是形式主语,句型中的直接宾语是时间。常译为“做……要花费某人……”。
15. It is no
good (use ) doing sth.
该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语,主句中的表语可以是no good , ( not any good ) , no use , (
not any use )。
16. It doesn't
matter whether ( if ) ...
该句型中whether
(if) 引导的从句是真正主语,该句型常译为“不论(是否)…… 没关系……。
17. It is kind
( of sb. ) to do sth.
该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语,如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of 引起,主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。常见的有:
bad, brave, careless, clever, cruel, foolish, good (好心的), honest,
horrible, kind, lazy, modest, naughty, nice (有教养的), polite, rude,
silly, stupid, wise, wrong (错误的)等。 这个句型可以改写为:sb. is kind to do sth.
It is kind of
you to say so. = You are kind
to say so.
18. It is
necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth.
该句型与上一个同属一个句型。如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for
引起,主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性,紧迫性,频繁程度,难易,安全等情况的形容词。常见的形容词有:
① important,
necessary, natural
② easy, safe,
common, normal, hard, difficult, dangerous, unusual, rare,
impossible, pleasant 等。
在①中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写,如:
It is important
for her to come to the party.
= It is
important that she (should ) come to the party
19. It looks (
seems ) as if ...
该句型中it 无意义。
as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为,“看起来好象……
"如果与事实不相符合,则用虚拟语气.
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