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阅读理解的解题核心理论是“化繁为简，去伪存真”。“化繁为简”是指将文章的内容和题目精简化，以便考生在有限的时间内，迅速找到重要信息；“去伪存真”是指将题目的选项进行甄别，最终找到正确的答案。我们从解题步骤出发，通过实例，细化并实践“化繁为简，去伪存真”的解题方法。

(干货) 2017考博英语阅读核心理论之化繁为简去伪存真

1、解题步骤

第一步： 题干先行——先看题干，全面审题，划出关键词！

1.    The ill-treatment of an elephant during training ______.

       A.    can have unpleasant consequences later

       B.    is the most effective method available

       C.    increases the time it takes to train the animal

       D.    ensures loyal service for years to come

2.    An elephant will only be trained successfully if _______.

       A.    the mahout is a responsible person

       B.    elephant calves don’t refuse to feed

       C.    the mahout and the elephant get on well together

       D.    several trainers are assigned to the job

3.    The main attraction of training mature elephants is _______.

       A.    early financial returns

       B.    their willingness to obey their trainers

       C.    the avoidance of anxiety in the elephant

       D.    that elephants are difficult to keep

4.    A mature elephant is only subjected to training when _______.

       A.    it is with other elephants

       B.    the mahout has established a good relationship with it

       C.    the animal is feeding normally

       D.    it needs to be controlled with a sharp pointed stick

5.    This passage mainly discusses _______.

       A.    two techniques used for training elephants

       B.    the inhumane method used in training elephants

       C.    how to train the elephant

       D.    through the tough method we cannot train the elephant successfully

第二步： 中心细节——通过各题重复出现的信息确定中心内容。

    41—44都有elephant，45题的选项中也出现，可以确定中心是训象。

第三步： 细节区分——区别各题干的细节，即找出问题的不同点。

    41题干关键词ill-treatment，虐待象会怎样，强调条件；42题强调在什么情况下被驯

化；43题强调训象的意义；44题问象只有在什么情况和时候才被训服；45题讲文章主旨。

第四步： 原文定位——通过审题，找出关键词和细节处，然后定位到原文中。

Two main techniques have been used for training elephants, which we may call respectively the tough and the gentle. The former Method simply consists of setting an elephant to work and beating him until he does what is expected of him. Apart from any moral considerations this is a stupid method of training, for It Produces a resentful animal who at a later stage may well turn man-killer. The gentle method requires more patience in the early stages, but produces a cheerful, good-tempered elephant who will give many years of loyal service.（第一段对应41题，The former, the tough method 会导致大象成为人类杀手，The gentle method带来忠诚的服务）

The first essential in elephant training is to assign to the animal a single mahout who will be entirely responsible for the job. Elephants like to have one master just as dogs do, and are capable of a considerable degree of personal affection. There are even stories of half-trained elephant calves who have refused to feed and pained to death when by some unavoidable circumstance they have been deprived of their own trainer. Such extreme cases must probably be taken with a grain of salt, but they do underline the general principle that the relationship between elephant and mahout is the key to successful training.

The most economical age to capture an elephant for training is between fifteen and twenty years, for it is then almost ready to undertake heavy work and can begin to earn its keep straight away. But animals of this age do not easily become subservient to man, and a very firm hand must be employed in the early stages. The captive elephant, still roped to a tree, plunges and screams every time a man approaches, and for several days will probably refuse all food through anger and fear. Sometimes a tame elephant is tethered nearby to give the wild one confidence, and in most cases the captive gradually quietens down and begins to accept its food. The next stage is to get the elephant to the training establishment, a ticklish business which is achieved with the aid of two tame elephants roped to the captive on either side.

When several elephants are being trained at one time, it is customary for the new arrival to be placed between the stalls of two captives whose training is already well advanced. It is then left completely undisturbed with plenty of food and water so that it can absorb the atmosphere of its new home and see that nothing particularly alarming is happening to its companions. When it is eating normally, its own training begins. The trainer stands in front of the elephant holding a long stick with a sharp metal point. Two assistants, mounted on tame elephants, control the captive from either side, while others rub their hands over his skin to the accompaniment of a monotonous and soothing chant. This is supposed to induce pleasurable sensations in the elephant, and its effects are reinforced by the use of endearing epithets, such as ‘ho! my son’ or ‘ho! My father’, or ‘my mother’, according to the age and sex of the captive. The elephant is not immediately susceptible to such blandishments, however, and usually lashes fiercely with its trunk in all directions. These movements are controlled by the trainer with the metal-pointed stick, and the trunk eventually becomes so sore that the elephant curls it up and seldom afterwards uses it for offensive purposes.

第五步： 分析对比——分析选项的正确性！

★正确选项的标准：同义词替代和原词复现。

    如果题干与原文中的信息点能够用同义词进行替代，那么有80%的可能答案就是这个选项了，这要求有丰富的词汇量，能记住大量的同义词。

    80%的情况是同义词替代，20%是原文或原词复现。

★干扰选项的特点：

1）长难词句——通过长难词句进行干扰，使人无法理解准确含义，其对策是多背单词。

2）偷换概念——选项中的某部分与原文信息不相符。

3）中心不符——选项信息错误。

4）冗余信息——选项部分内容在原文中提及了，但是一部分内容是通过推断而出现的不合理信息，其对策是认真读原文并与选项仔细对照。

5）意义相反——与原文的表达意思相反。

6）无中生有——选项的内容看似合理，但是在文中完全未被提及。

7）定位错误——原文信息点定位错误。

8) 原文照抄——和文章的内容一模一样。