加载中…主谓一致归纳分析 练习以及答案
(2010-05-23 16:03:24)
标签：
英语主谓一致高考中考杂谈 |
分类： 英语语法 |
通常在分析主谓一致时，用两个一致一个原则。语法一致，意义一致，就近原则，何时用语法一致，何时用意义一致，很容易混淆。
下面是将主语分成单一主语，并列主语，以及一些特殊情况下谓语的数进行分类和归纳。
单一主语的情况
以复数形式结尾（-s，-es）作主语时和谓语的一致关系。
a.
如trousers/pant（裤子），shoes（鞋子），glasses（眼镜），scissors（剪刀），goods（货物），cloths（衣服），stairs（楼梯）。
比较以下三个句子
My shoes are white and his clothes are black.
A pair of shoes is lying there.
These kind of shoes are popular。
表双部分工具的名称，衣服名称等作主语的时候，用复数。
My trousers are white and his clothes are black.
我的裤子是白色的，他的衣服是黑色的。
All the goods are good.
所有的货物都是不错的。
如果这些词用（this）a pair（suit，piece，series，kind）+of修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
A pair of shoes is lying there.
但是在these/those pair（series，kind，type）of +复数名词之后，谓语动词用复数形式。
These kind of glasses are popular。
这些样式的眼镜很流行。
练习
This pair of glasses ______mine.
A. are
b.单词本身是复数形式，但没有复数意义。
1.有些表示学科名称的词如physics（物理），maths（数学），economic（经济），（当它们表学科以外的意思时，谓语动词用复数）
2.-s结尾的国家名称时候，如the Unites states，The Netherlands ，The United Union 等。
人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等
3.以及news（新闻），works（工厂）。等一般被以为是行复意单的词，他们作主语时谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Economics is very important。
物理非常重要。
The economics of the project are still being considered。
这个项目的经济意义仍然在被考虑中。
The Unite States is a county of people with vaired origins。
This works was built in 1982。
Mathematics ____ the language of science.
A. is
动名词，不定式，从句做主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。
To see is to believe
百闻不如一见
Reading is a good way。
读书是个好方法
When he will come is not known。
他何时来还不知道。
集体名词作主语时
1. mankind/humanity/man（人类）作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Man is mortal。
人都是会死的。
2. 由people （人们），police（警察），cattle（牛），youth（年轻人）等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The Police like to help people。
警察愿意帮助人们。
3.
看下面的句子。
Our family is very happy。
我们家是个幸福的家庭。
His family are watching TV。
何时用单数，何时用复数。
如果它们所表示的人或事物当整体看，谓语用单数。
如果他们表示其中的个体时候，谓语动词用复数
4. a family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数
families/groups/classes作主语时，位于用复数。
A group is coming to us。
一队人正朝我们走来。
并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系
1.
A．A，B表不同的人。物或观念时。
Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students。
李明和张华是好学生。
Both the teachers and the students are here。
老师和学生都在这儿
B．A，B表示同一个人，物，观念时。
A journalist and author lives in the countyard。
一个新闻记者兼作家的人住在这个院子里。
The turner and fitter is under twenty-five。
这个车工兼钳工的工人还不到25岁。
同一个人只能用一个冠词，不同两个人就要用两个冠词
C．A．B之前有each，every，many a，no。。。等修饰语时候，谓语动词用单数。
Each man and each woman is invited。
每个男人和每个妇女都受到了邀请。
Every man and woman is invited。
所有的男人和女人都被邀请。
No boy and girl is there now。
哪儿现在没有任何男孩和女孩。
D。A，B 为不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数。
A watch and chain was found on the desk。
一只挂表在桌上找到了。
Bread and butter is nutritious。
奶油面包有营养。
2.
A or B （A或者B）
Either A or B（不是A 就是B）
Neither A or nor B（A和B 都不是）
Not only A but also B（不仅A而且B）
There（here） be +（。。有。。。。）
谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致（在叙述句与B一致，在疑问句中与A 一致）
Either you or I am mad。
不是你就是我疯了。
Neither you nor he is right。
你和他都不对。
Not only the teacher but also his family were friendly to me。
不但这位老师，连他的家人都对我很好。
3.
All but one were here just now。
所有的除了一个之外刚才都在这儿。
The father ，rather than the brothers，is responsible。
是父亲，而不是哥哥很负责的。
其他情况
1.主语为表示距离。时间。长度，价值，金额，重量等复数名词时，算术中的谓语动词用单数形式。
Three times three makes nine
三乘以三等于九。
Ten thousand pound is a large sum。
一万英镑是一大笔钱。
Two hours is enough。
两个小时足够了。
2.
one
every one
each one
each
anyone
either
neither
谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Of 之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of 的宾语，of 前面的one ，every one。。等才是主语。
Neither of them is right
两个中没有一个是对的。
Either of them is right。
两个之中有一个是对的。
3.none of 。。。
none of +不可数名词 谓语动词用单数形式
none of +可数名词
None of that money in the desk is his。
书桌里的那笔钱都不是他的。
None of the boys here likes dancing。
=None of the boys here like dancing。
这儿的男孩子们都不喜欢跳舞。
4.分数或百分数+of+词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of 后的名词或代词的数。
分数或百分数+of+词组（不可数名词或是单数） 谓语动词用单数形式。
分数或百分数+of+词组（复数名词） 谓语动词用复数形式。
There-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea。
地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan。
出席人数的三分之二反对这项计划。
5.more than 。。。
more than （单数名词）+单数动词
more than （复数名词）+复数动词
More than one boy has been there。
不止一个男孩已经去过哪儿了。
More than two boys have been there。
已经有两个以上的男孩去过哪儿。
6.Number of 。。。
A （great）number of +复数名词-用复数动词。
The number of
+
A number of the students are for the plan。
一些学生（同意）这一计划。
The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten。
计算机课上学生的数目限制为十人。
7.The +形容词
The 形容词，表示一类人，谓语动词用复数
The 形容词，表示一类物，谓语动词用单数
The rich （=Rich people）are for the decision but the poor （poor people）are against it。
富人们支持这项决议而穷人们反对它。
The beauty is hers
这些漂亮的东西是她的。
8.every，any，some，no构成的复合词
everyone ，everybody，everything，
anyone，anybody，anything
someone，somebody，something
no one ，nobody，nothing
(1)选择填空(分数:40 估时:40分)
1.I who a teacher must be strict and careful in
everything.
A.is B.am
2.What the population of Beijing?
A.is B.are
3.The Chinese a great people.
A.is B.are
4.A woman with a baby coming here.
A.is B.are
5.The girl as well as the boys learned to drive a
car.
A.has B.have
6.To finish the work hard work.
A.needs B.need
7.No teacher and student in the school.
A.is B.are
8.Whenever anything ,please stay here quietly.
A.happens B.happen
9.Many a man the story.
A.believes B.believe
10.More than five men died in the accident.
A.has B.have
11. there any police around?
A.Is B.Are
12.My trousers dirty.
A.is B.are
13.A pair of glasses lying on the chair.
A.is B.are
14.A year and a half already passed.
A.has B.have
15.The number of the students who part in the
entrance examination great.
A.takes,is B.takes,are
C.take,is D.take,are
16.Twelve percent of the workers here women.
A.is B.are
17.His family not very large.
A. is B.are
18.His family watching TV.
A.is B are
19.Most of the earth covered with water.
A.is B.are
20.Most of the cars made in Shanghai.
A. is B.are
21.All not gold that glitters.
A. is B.are
22.Many sheep looked after by the old man.
A.is B.are
23.Bread and butter their daily food.
A.is B.are
24.Now a number of young men very well.
A.cooks B.cook
25.Those who to go to Nanjing please get on the
train.
A.wants B.want
26.Simple and plain living a fine quality.
A.is B.are
27.Three weeks too short a time for translating the
book.
A.is B.are
28.Letter and toilet paper running out.
A.is B.are
29.Ten dollars too dear.
A.is B.are
30.Here a fish,some bread and soup for you.
A.is B.are
31.Not only a pen but also two books lost.
A.was B.were
32. you or he right?
A.Is B.Are
33.It's Tom who it.
A.does B.do
34.The danger of forests not to be taken
lightly.
A.is B.are
35.More than one person watching the strange star
that night.
A.was B.were
36.The boy and girl each their own toys.
A.has B.have
37.Few near here.
A.lives B.live
38.The glass works built in 1959.
A.was B.were
39.Men of this kind dangerous.
A.is B.are
40.This kind of men dangerous.
A.is B.are
(2)用be或have的适当形式填空(分数:24 估时:48分)
1.A.The glasses mine.
B.That pair of glasses my brother's.
2.A.Grandpa Wang,together with his two grandsons,
taking a walk in the park now.
B.Grandpa Wang and his two grandsons taking a walk in
the park now.
3.A.Neither of them going to the cinema.
B.Both of them going to the cinema.
4.A.It is said that his family going to move.
B.He said that his family all very well.
5.A.All that I want to say this.
B.All but one here just now.
6.A.A number of the students gone for an
outing.
B.The number of the students increasing year after
year.
7.A.Either you or I wrong.
B.Not only the students but also the professor
surprised at Mary's answer.
8.A.Many a person seen the wonderful film.
B.Many people seen the wonderful film.
9.A.Getting up early and going to bed early a good
habit.
B.Singing and dancing two of the things that he likes
best.
10.A.More than one person injured in the
accident.
B.More than two persons injured in the accident.
11.A.The policeman standing at the street
corner.
B.The police searching for him.
12.A.Nobody but Mary and I in the classroom at that
time.
B.Only Mary and I in the classroom when Tom
entered.
(3)选择填空(分数:35 估时:35分)
1.Maths not easy to learn.
A.is B.are
2.No news good news.
A.is B.are
3.Every possible means been tried.
A.has B.have
4.The police searched every room of the
building.
A.has B.have
5.The students who absent must be criticized.
A.is B.are
6.The student who late for class found a wallet and
handed it in.
A.was B.were
7.To master the spirit of a foreign language not
easy.
A.is B.are
8.Seeing believing.
A.is B.are
9.When and where we will have the meeting not been
decided.
A.has B.have
10.Ten miles not a long distance.
A.is B.are
11.Deer to eat a certain kind of wild roses.
A.likes B.like
12.A lot of field mice been killed.
A.has B.have
13.It is you who the right to decide.
A.has B.have
14.In this class sixty percent of the students
girls.
A.is B.are
15.My parents no less than I glad to see you.
A.am B.are C.is
16.Everybody except you to know it.
A.seems B.seem
17.More than one house burned down during the
fire.
A.was B.were
18.His family all in for sports.
A.goes B.go
19.The news been heard everywhere.
A.has B.have
20.Only one percent of the students in the college
Party members.
A.is B.are
21.A third of our students from peasant
families.
A.comes B.come
22.Tom as well as two of his friends to the
concert.
A.was invited B.were invited
23.Many a girl football.
A.likes B.like
24.Plastics and rubber never .
A.rots B.rot
25.What the population of Hongkong?
A.is B.are
26.There is a plate on the table.The knife and fork
beside it.
A.is B.are
27.Where my trousers?
A.is B.are
28.The police looking for him.
A.is B.are
29.A number of the students going to visit the
History Museum.
A.is B.are
30.The number of the girl students in that school
smaller than that of the boy students.
A.is B.are
31.One dollar and eighty—seven cents all Della
had.
A.was B.were
32.What he said and what he did agree.
A.dosen't B.don't
33.The factory including it′s machine burnt last
night.
A.was B.were
34.The young very active.
A.is B.are
35.The doctor and scientist to the meeting.
A.was invited B.were invited
参考答案
(1)
1.B 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.A 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.B
13.A 14.A 15.C
16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.B 21.A 22.B 23.A 24.B 25.B 26.A
27.A 28.B
29.A 30.A 31.B 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.A 36.B 37.B 38.A 39.B
40.A
(2)
1.are,is 2.is,are 3.is,are
4.is,were 5.is,were 6.have,is
7.am,was 8.has,have 9.is,are
10.was,were 11.is,are 12.was,were
(3)
1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.B 6.A
7.A 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.B 12.B
13.B 14.B 15.B 16.A 17.A 18.B
19.A 20.B 21.B 22.A 23.A 24.B
25.A 26.A 27.B 28.B 29.B 30.A
31.A 32.B 33.A 34.B 35.A
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