II. Listening Skills

1.       M: Will you love and keep him in sickness and in health, as long as you both shall live?

W: I will.

Q: Who is the woman?

2.       W: Mike, wake up1 It is time to go to school. Hurry up or you’re going to be late!

M: Don’t worry. I can sleep all day long. Did you forget today is Martin Luther King’s birthday?

Q: Who is the woman most likely to be?

3.  M: Could I see your driver’s license and registration, please?
    W: What’s the matter, officer?
    Q: Who is the man?

4.  M: I’d like to ask you about the research paper you assigned that we have to do by the end of the semester.

    W: ok. What would you like to know?
    Q: Who is the woman most likely to be?

5.  W: I’ve cleaned the windows, mopped the floors, and folded the laundry. Is there anything else that you would like me to do before I cal lit a day?

    M: Did you do the living room yet?

    Q: Who is the woman most likely to be?

1.B   2.C   3.D   4.A   5.A

III. Listening In

Task 1: Don’t be a chicken!

Gilbert: Hey, Henry, is Sarah coming with us?

Henry: Yes. Why?

Gilbert: Nothing. I’m just asking.

Henry: Just asking? But why is your face flaming red? Ah-huh, someone has a crush on Sarah, doesn’t he?

Gilbert: Who has a crush?!

Henry: Come on, Gilbert, don’t be such a chicken. If you like her, just go and tell her. Maybe she likes you.

Gilbert: But I don’t have the guts to ask her out.

Henry: What are you so afraid of?

Gilbert: I’d totally die if she turned me down.

Henry: But that’s better than keeping everything to yourself. You’ve got to let her know. Come on! You’ve got to take a chance!

Gilbert: I don’t know… Well, maybe you’re right, but how am I going to tell her I like her?

1. go out     2. flaming red     3. has a crush on     4. a chicken     5. likes    

6. the guts    7. turn him down   8. know           9. keeping everything to himself

10. how to tell her

 

Task 2: Problem of Meeting People

Before the wedding, the groom went up the minister with an unusual offer. “Look, I’ll give you $100 if you’ll change the wedding vows. When you get to the part where I’m expected to promise  to ‘love, respect and obey her,’ ‘giving up all others,’ and ‘be true to her forever,’ I’d be happy if you’d just leave that part out.” He gave the minister the cash and walked away with a light heart. The wedding day arrived, and the bride and groom reached that part of the ceremony where they would make vows to each other. When it was time for the groom’s vows, the minister looked the young man in the eye and said, “Will you promise to kneel before her, obey her every command and wish, serve her breakfast in bed every morning of your life and make a vow before God and your lovely wife that you will never even look at another woman, as long as you both shall live?” The groom was shocked, but in spite of himself, he said in a low voice, “Yes, I will.” Then the groom whispered to the minister, “I thought we had a deal.” The minister put the $100 into his hand and whispered back, “She made me a much better offer.”

1.F   2.F  3.T   4.T   5.F

Task 3: Long Distance Friendships

American weddings are not always the same. I’d like to show you pictures of my wedding. When we got engaged, an announcement was published in the newspaper. The announcement typically includes the names of the bride, the bridegroom and their parents and the wedding is expected to be held. About a month before the wedding, we sent out wedding invitations to relatives and friends. This is the church where we had the wedding. My father gave me to my future husband. Then the minister started the wedding ceremony. He greeted the guests, and talked about the meaning of marriage. Next, we exchanged vows and gave each other rings. This is the main part of the wedding. After the vows, the minister prayed for us. Then the minister declared us husband and wife, and we kissed each other. Here is my sister, who was a bridesmaid. This is the bouquet I carried. Traditionally, the unmarried women gather after the wedding, and the bride throws her bouquet to them. The one who catches it will, according to tradition, be the next one to get married. At the reception, we cut the wedding cake and fed each other bites of the cake. Then we toasted each other with champagne. Finally the reception was over, and the minister signed the marriage certificate and we were legally married.

1. A   2.B   3.C   4.D

1-3-7-5-4-2-6

IV. Speaking Out

Model 1 I just broke up with Alice!

John:  Hey, Se-Jin, what’s wrong with you? You look so down!

Se-Jin: Nothing.

John:  I know it’s not your studies, so it must be girl trouble. You must have a broken heart.

Se-Jin: Well, you’re right. I just broke up with Alice.

John:  Oh, I’m sorry. I thought you two were made for each other.

Se-Jin: Well, you never know. I want to settle down, but she wants a career while she’s still young.

John:  Well, it’s always difficult to choose between career and family.

Se-Jin: Maybe you’re right.

John:  I don’t know what to say to comfort you, but try to cheer up!

Se-Jin: Yeah, but it’s hard to forget her at the moment. You know, we were together for almost three years.

John:  There’s lots more fish in the sea and you’ll find your perfect match!

Now Your Turn

A: Why do you look so upset?

B: I’m all right.

A: I know it’s not your work. So anything wrong with Susan and you?
B: Well, you’re right. I just spilt up with her.

A: Oh, I’m sorry. I thought the two of you made a good match.

B: I think I should have a career first but she wants to get married right now.

A: Well, it’s hard to make a choice between career and family.

B: Yeah, it’s hard.

A: I know it’s difficult, but try to cheer up!

B: You know, we were together for a long time. I can’t get her out of my mind.

A: Well, you’ll find a good match sooner or later.

Model 2 Leo proposed to me.

Mary: Laura! Guess what! Leo proposed to me!

Laura: Wow. That’s wonderful. Did you accept?
Mary: Not yet. I have some doubts…like the age factor. I’m really robbing the cradle here.

Laura: I know he’s fur years younger than you, but he’s mature for his age.

Mary: I’m worried about the cultural differences, too.

Laura: But I can see that both of you have the same interests and personalities. That’s even more important.

Mary: Maybe you’re right.

Now Your Turn

A: Can you believe it? Philip made a proposal to me!

B: How wonderful. Did you say yes?

A: Not yet. I’m concerned about the age gap. He’s much younger than me.

B: I know he’s a few years younger than you, but I think he is mature than mind.

A: I’m also worried about whether we can maintain a long distance relationship. You know, he lives in another city.

B: But you love each other. That’s very important.

A: Maybe you’re right.

Model 3 There’s something about him.

Jane:  Laura, I know you like Charles a lot, but what do you like about him?

Laura: Well, there’s just something about him.

Jane:  Really? What is this something?

Laura: Well, he’s mature, handsome, gentle, and successful. I think he’s for me.

Jane:  He’s certainly mature, but don’t you think he’s a little old for you? He’s almost twice as old as you are!

Laura: Well, age shouldn’t be something that comes in the way of a person’s marriage.

Jane:  It’s true that age isn’t the most important issue, but what would your parents think?

Laura: I don’t care what other people think. I just know that I love him and he loves me. Love’s    all that matters.

Now Your Turn

A: Well, you and Chris have been together for a long time. What are his good points?

B: There’s something wonderful about him.

A: Really? What do you mean by this something?
B: Well, he’s handsome, humorous, and hard-working. I think he’s my perfect match.

A: But I think he is too old for you.

B: Well, age doesn’t matter too much for me.

A: But what would your parents and friends think?
B: I don’ worry too much about what other people think. For me, love is the most important

V. Let’s Talk

Dating

Before marriage, younger Americans date each other, that is, they often go out together. Casual dating usually begins in the early teens, and in the late teens a pattern of steady dating develops. There is a great possibility that one goes to a dance with one person, to a football game with another, and to a picnic with a third. Sometimes two couples go out together. This is known as “double dating.” Group dating is also popular among young people. Large groups of boys and girls may go around together. Young people may go out together for a long time, which is, in effect, a public statement of their intention to marry. Men and women go out together a great deal, especially those in cities. This is “adult dating.” They ski together, dine together, either at restaurants or in each other’s homes. The American dating system is a rather casual one. Often young Americans who hardly know each other go out on dates. It is also acceptable for them to arrange a “blind date”, that is, a date between two young people who have not met before.

Dating                      Description

Causal dating                            Early teens

Steady dating                            Late teens

Many partners                           e.g. a dance, a game, a picnic

Double dating                           Two couples

Group dating                            Large groups

Go out for a long period                   Intention to marry

Adult dating                            Men and women.e.g.ski, work, dine together

Casual dating system                     Those who hardly know each other

Blind dating                            Those who have never met before

VI. Furthering Listening and Speaking

Task 1: Finding the Right Type of Girl

Keith: Hey, Peter! You’ve been in the room all night. Get out and dance with someone like that babe over there.

Peter: No way, Keith! She’s the intellectual type. My pickup line just won’t work with her.

Keith: Oh, come on, man! What kind of girl do you like?

Peter: I want a girl that gentle and mild, and that babe is not the right type.

Keith: Times are changing, and you’ll never find a woman that will shine your shoes and fill your beer mug all the time. Wake up.

Peter: Oh really? I still prefer women that stay home, cook, clean, and take care of the kids.

Keith: Okay, then what will you do after you get home from work?

Peter: Hmm. Eat, watch TV, and throw our the trash.

Keith: Wit, wait, wait. I can’t believe my ears. You’ll never find a wife.

1.B   2.D   3.C   4.A

Task 2: He thinks I’m God.

A young woman brings home her fiancé to meet her parents. After dinner, her mother tells her father to find out about the young man’s plans. The father invites the fiancé to his study for a drink.

“So what are your plans?” the father asks the young man.

“I am a Bible student,” he replies.

“A Bible student. Hmm.” The father says. “Good, but what will you do to provide my daughter with a nice house such as she’s accustomed to?”

“I will study,”: the young man replies, “and God will provide for us.”

“And how will you buy her a beautiful engagement ring such as she deserves?” asks the father.

“I will concentrate on my studies,” the Youngman replies, “and God will provide for us.”

“And children?” asks the father. “How will you support children?”

“Don’t worry, sir. God will provide,” replies the fiancé.

The conversation goes on like this, and each time the father questions him, the young man insists that God will provide. Later, the mother asks, “How did it go, honey?”

The father answers, “He had no job and no plans, but the good news is he thinks I’m God.”

1.F   2.T   3.F   4.T   5.T

Task 3: Lady

Lady, I’m your knight in shining armor and I love you.

You have made me what I am and I am yours.

My love, there’s so many ways I want to say I love you.

Let me hold you in my arms forever more.

 

You have gone and made me such a fool;

I’m so lost in your love.

And on, we belong together.

Won’t you believe in my song?

 

Lady, for so many years I thought I’d never find you.

You have some into my life and made me whole.

Forever let me wake to see you each and every morning.

Let me hear you whisper softly in my ear.

 

In my eyes I see no one else but you.

There’s no other love like our love.

And yes, oh yes, I’ll always want you near me.

I’ve wanted for you so long.

 

Lady, your love’s the only love I need

And beside me is where I want you to be.

‘Cause, my love, there’s something I want you to know,

You’re the love of my life, you’re my lady.

 

Speaking

Mutual Love

Jill:   You know, Robert, we’ve been dating a long time now.

Robert: Yeah. Twelve months next week.

Jill:   You remembered!

Robert: Of course I did. How could I forget the anniversary of our first date?

Jill:   You’re so sweet. Can I tell you something?
Robert: Sure. You can tell me anything.

Jill:   From our very first date, I knew we’d be together a long time.

Robert: Can U tell you something?
Jill:   Yes.

Robert: The feeling was mutual.

 

unit4

II. Listening Skills

1-i  2-a   3-f   4-b   5-c   6-d   7-h   8-g   9-e

III. Listening In

Task 1: The Influence of Advertising

Richard: Dad, I need a pair of new shoes for an important basketball game. My old ones look kind of funny.

Father:  Funny! We just bought those last spring. There’s a lot of life left in them.

Richard: But look at this ad with Yao Ming. He says these shoes give him extra spring.

Father:  Yao Ming is so tall that he doesn’t need extra spring. Anyway, he makes money than I do. And they probably give him millions of dollars to wear those shoes.

Richard: But if you bought me the shoes, I’d wear them for nothing. And I’d have that extra spring.

Father:  Do you think Yao Ming reached the top just because of the shoes he wears? Or was it something else?

Richard: You mean like hard work, dedication, that sort of thing?

Father:  Exactly. Just focus on your studies and forget the shoes.

1. shoes    2. look kind of funny     3. there is still a lot of life left    4. ad    

5. give him extra spring     6.as much money    7. need extra spring  8. millions of dollars          9.wearing the shoes    10. wear         11. for nothing         12. reach the top

13. because of    14. something lese    15. hard work and dedication

16. focus/concentrate on his studies    17. forget

 

Task 2: I’ll get a camera.

One day just before closing time, John rushed into a TV store to buy a color TV set with the money he had saved for three months. The friendly shop assistant was waiting for the day’s last and 100^th customer to reach his sales target for his bonus, so he warmly greeted John and showed him the various models on display. He asked John to see how sharp and colorful the imagine on the screen was. At that moment, a new commercial came onto the screen, introducing a popular brand of camera as well as some beautiful pictures it had taken. The camera and pictures attracted John. He suddenly changed his mind and told the shop assistant: “Thank you for the TV commercial. Now I have to hurry to the camera store to get that camera.”

1.T  2.F  3.F   4.T   5.F

Task 3: Don’t even think about it!

“Don’t even think about it!” is a phrase commonly used in the United States when a person emphatically denies or refuse something.

In 1995, Shaquille O’ Neal, a popular basketball player, made a Pepsi commercial in which this phrase was used. The commercial begins with Shaq playing basketball, and a little kid is watching him. Then the boy cries out the name of this basketball star. Shaq turns to see the kid with a Pepsi n his hand. He walks over to the boy and says, “Hey, can I have it?” He bends over, supposing that his admirer will give him the Pepsi. But then the kid says, “Don’t even think about it!” This commercial was rather popular, and it had been shown on TV for about three years. The commercial seems to have a more dramatic effect than that produced by the Coca-Cola company in the 1970s. In the Coke ad a young boy meets football star “Mean” Joe Green as he is leaving the field a game. The boy gives his hero a bottle of Coke, and in exchange for the drink, the football player throws to the boy, who excitedly catches the souvenir.

The phrase “Don’t even think about it!” is used on many other occasions. Visitors to New York City are often amused to see a road sign with these words: “Don’t even think about parking here.” This road sign means that people are strictly prohibited from parking there.

 

1. A   2.D   3.B   4.C     5.C

IV. Speaking Out

Model 1 Who pays?

Laura: Hey!

Bob:  Hey! Look, this is a cool TV commercial. “Things go better with Coke!”

Laura: I think the Pepsi commercial is just as attractive: “The choice of a new generation!”

Bob:  Yeah, but the competitors are just canceling out each other’s efforts.

Laura: That’s quite true. They both spend piles of money to increase their market shares, but neither gains.

Bob:  I’m afraid the extra costs of advertising will be passed on to the consumers.

Laura: I hear that the advertising produces a good image of a product, and that leads to consumer brand loyalty.

Bob:  What do you mean by consumer brand loyalty?

Laura: It means consumers are loyal to a certain product and keep buying it. Also, they’re willing to pay more.

Bob:  It seems contradictory. In other words, more sales mean lower production costs, but more advertising means higher costs to the consumer. In the end the winner is of course the company.

Laura: That’s true!

Now Your Turn

A: Look, “Make yourself heard!” The Ericsson’s TV commercial is so cool.

B: I think the Nokia’s commercial is just as fascinating: “Connecting People.”

A: I’m afraid consumers will have to pay for the advertising.

B: I hear that the advertisements create as a favorable on\mage of a product, and that leads to    consumer brand loyalty.

A: Could you explain “consumer brand loyalty”?

B: I mean consumers identify with the product and keep buying it. Sometimes they’re even willing to pay more.

A: It is contradictory that increases sales lead to a lower production cost per unit, but more advertising results in greater costs for consumers. The winner is always the company.

B: I agree.

Model 2 Beware of ads!                

Peter: Mind if I switch channels? Those TV commercials are killing me.

Jane: How can you say that? Watch: “Take Toshiba, take the world.” Fantastic! There’s a product you can depend on. A powerful product.

Peter: If I were you, I wouldn’t trust those commercials.

Jane: Now, look at this McDonald’s commercials! Aren’t those little kids cute? Oh, and there’s such a warm family feeling.

Peter: Just how an advertising agency wants you to see McDonald’s. you’re the target audience.

     When they make TV commercials, they use scientific methods to learn what you’ll like and buy.

Jane: Are you telling me those darling little children biting into Big Macs are part of a scientific project to get me into McDonald’s?

Peter: Advertises don’t bother with facts more. Instead they want the end-user—that’s you—to fall in love with their product.

Jane: I see. So what you’re saying is, “Watch out, or commercials will take over your life.”

Now Your Turn

A: Shall we switch to another channel? I don’t like those TV commercials.

B: Why do you think so? Look: Just do it! What a powerful product.

A: I doubt it.

B: Now, look at this L’Oreal commercial. The model’s skin is so smooth.

A: This is what they want you to believe: use the product and you will get the same skin.

B: You mean they are lying about the product? I don’t really think so.

A: Advertisers now appeal to emotions, not reason. They want you to like their product.

B: Well, I don’t really agree with you, but we can switch to another channel.

Model 3 Are the free magazines free?

Peter: Jane, what’s that magazine you’re reading?

Jane: It’s one of those free magazine you can pick up around town. It’s got some pretty interesting articles in it.

Peter: Wake up, Jane! It’s not free at all. Look at it: It’s all advertising.

Jane: Maybe so, but if the advertising pays for the magazine, then I don’t have to.

Peter: Sure you do. The cost of the ads is built into the products.

Jane: Still, I think advertising serves a useful purpose. It tells me about new products.

Peter: A lot of companies spend more money on advertising than on making quality products.

Jane: But some commercials are really fascinating. Besides, you have the freedom to choose not to look at the ads.

Peter: Well, it’s time to cook dinner.

Now Your Turn

A: What’s that brochure you’re reading?

B: It’s a giveaway brochure you can easily find here and there. It’s got some pretty interesting things in it.

A: Do you really think so? It’s not really free. Look at all the ads in it.
B: Could be, but I don’t have to pay for it.

A: You bet you do. The cost6oof the ads is included in the products.

B: Still, I think advertising tells me about new products. It helps me in choosing what to buy.

A: This is just what the advertisers want you to do.
B: But some commercials are really fascinating. Besides, you’re didn’t have to believe all the ads.

A: Well, let’s go swimming.

V. Let’s Talk

A  Job Ad for a Friendly Employee

A firm advertising for a “friendly” employee has been asked to change its wording because it discriminates against unfriendly people.

Travelco, a travel agency, put in a request for a “Friendly employee” to provide food for its staff. But the Job Center in Bristol told managing director Harry Smith that he would have to remove the word “friendly” before the advertisement could be accepted.

Mr. Smith said he could not believe the decision and thought it was “ridiculous.” He said: “We were told we could not use that particular word because it was discriminatory against people who looked unfriendly. We thought it was ridiculous. It’s only too natural for us to specify what kind of people we want.” He added, “The people at the center have since said they thought they had been a little over the top.”

The center had made it a rule that certain words were nor allowed in ads and the words “motivated” and “enthusiastic” had been banned in the past.

An official of the center said: “We do have guidelines of not using personality characteristics in advertisements to ensure that there is no discrimination in the process.”

She added: “We should leave the dispute to the local judges. They’ll make the final decision. It’s possible that a member of our staff has been over-enthusiastic in cutting out words in ads.”

 

Persons/Agencies	Words/Actions	Reasons/Purposes
A firm	advertised for a friendly employee; Was asked to change the wording	discrimination against unfriendly people
Travelco	requested for a friendly employee	to provide food for its staff/employees
The Job Center	told the Travelco managing director to remove the word “friendly”
The managing director	said was told not to use that word; thought it was ridiculous	It was natural to specify the kind of people they wanted
	added that the people at the center thought they had been a little over the top
The center	had decided that certain words were not allowed; e.g. motivated, enthusiastic
An official	said they had guidelines of not using personality characteristics	no discrimination
	added that they should leave the dispute to the local judges	to make the final decision
	maybe a member of their staff had been over-enthusiastic	in cutting words

 

 

VI. Furthering Listening and Speaking

Task 1: Banning Cigarette Ads

Nancy: Hey, Robert, what do you think about cigarette ads?

Robert: They’re disgusting. Many countries have banned tobacco ads completely.

Nancy: I heard in the States advertises are not allowed to show young people smoking cigarettes, neither are ads targeted at youth allowed.

Robert: But advertises keep finding ways around the law. Some years ago one cigarette ad showed a deer smoking, but it was dressed in a university sweater. Obviously the ad is trying to attract young people.

Nancy: In order to increase sales, they have to make smoking appealing to young people. Make them think it’s cool.

Robert: Right. Cigarette manufacturers need to keep bringing in new customers. The old ones are dying of lung cancer.

Nancy: Good point. Our Student Union should do some publicity against smoking in campus.

Robert: I couldn’t agree more.

1.       They have banned tobacco/cigarette ads completely.

2.       Advertisers are not allowed to show young people smoking cigarettes.

3.       They keep finding ways around the law.

4.       They must keep bringing in new customers, as the old ones are dying of lung cancer.

5.       IT should do some publicity against smoking on campus.

Task 2: A Radio Commercial

Are you looking for appliances or furniture to give new life to your home?

Look no further! Here at Frontier Furniture, we have everything you need to give your home a new look and feel. Stereos, video machines, refrigerators, dining tables, washers and dryers. You name it; we have it! Low on cash? We have an easy rent-to-own plan that will put you on your favorite sofa tonight. Big color TVs cost only two hundred and twenty-five dollars; digital pianos staring at three ninety-nine ($399); king size beds from two hundred and fifty dollars. Free delivery on all major appliances.

So come on down to Frontier Furniture. Located downtown two blocks east of city hall, across from Union Square. We’re open daily from 10:00 AM to 9:30 PM. So, come on in, and let us make your dream home a reality.

1.F   2.F  3.T   4.F   5.T

Task 3: An Introduction to Advertising

Advertising has become increasingly specialized in modern times. In today’s business world, supply usually outnumbers demand. There is great competition among different manufacturers of the same kind of product to attract customers to their product. They always have to remind the consumer of the name and the qualities of their product. They do this by advertising. The manufacturers advertise in the newspapers and on posters. They sometimes pay for songs about their product in commercial radio programs. They employ attractive salesgirls to distribute samples. They organizes competitions, with prizes for the winners. They often advertise on the screens of local cinemas. Most important of all, in countries that have television, they have advertisements put into programs that will accept them. Manufacturers often spend large sums of money on advertisements. Sometimes they even spend more on ads than on the products themselves. We usually think so because of the advertisements that say so. Some people never pause to ask themselves if the advertisements are telling the truth.

1.A   2.C   3.B   4.D   5.D

Speaking

Influence of a High-Profile Star

Jill:   Hey, isn’t that the same jacket the soccer star Roberto wears in that magazine ad?

Robert: The very same one indeed. Even the same color.

Jill:   But his would have bigger pockets to hold all the money the company pays him to wear it.

Robert: You’re just jealous. Wait a sec. I’m going to try it on. It seems to fit me pretty well.

Jill:   You make me sick. You fall for every ad you see.
Robert: Not at all. I want to buy it just because I like it.

Jill:   Sure you do. It and Roberto.