比较句型

1）  用As或Like（likewise）引出的表达相似的结构；

2）  用As…as…和as much as…引出的表达相同的结构；

3）  用more than\less than\not so much…as…引出的表达相异的结构；

4）  注意分析被分隔的比较结构

 

1.       If we intend to have friends to dinner, we plan the menu, make a shopping list, decide which food to cook first, and such planning is an essential for any type of meal to be served.

Likewise, if you want to find a job, take a sheet of paper, and write a brief account of yourself. In making a blueprint for a job, begin with yourself, for when you know exactly what you have to offer, you can intelligently plan where to sell your services.(1995)

       Q. A blueprint made before inviting a friend to dinner is used in this passage as_____.

       A. an illustration of how to write an application for a job

       B. an indication of how to secure a good job

       C. a guideline for job description

       D. a principle for job evaluation

2.       But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are anti-science, as an essay in US News & World Report last May seemed to suggest. (1998)

Q. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Environmentalists were blamed for anti-science in an essay.

B. Politicians are not subject to the labeling of anti-science.

C. The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.

D. Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.

3.       Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. (2000)

Q. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?

A. A lack of mates

B. A fierce competition

C. A lower survival rate

D. A defective gene

4.       As an increasing number of countries develop both technically and economically, so a larger proportion of the world’s population is able to buy and use a car. (1989)

Q. More and more people can afford to buy and use cars because______.

A. an increasing number of cars are being produced

B. the cost of cars is getting cheaper with the development of technology

C. Lots of countries have become more developed

D. the use of cars has proved to be more economical

 

请分析并理解下列带比较结构的句子：

5.       From this motive I began to think seriously of matrimony, and choose my wife, as she did her wedding gown, not for a fine glossy surface, but such qualities as would wear well.

6.       Tapping the new spirit, there can be no nobler nor more ambitious task for America to undertake on this day of a new beginning than to help shape a just and peaceful world that is truly humane.

7.       It may be that when his life at last comes to an end he will leave no more trace of his sojourn on earth than a stone thrown to a river leaves on the surface of the water.

8.       The Mr. Palomar telescope is placed on a mountain not so much to bring it nearer to the heavens as to put it where the air is purer and clearer and the noises and vibrations of cities are avoided.

9.       They have found that it is much easier to get a quick quote from some biased source posing as an expert, usually from a university, than it is to analyse reasons for judgement in a proper context.

 

理解分隔结构

1.       Abraham Lincoln is the most famous instance of the claim that Americans often made that in their country a man may rise from the lowest to the highest position.

2.       Those unaware of what is happening in philosophy today may be surprised to learn that few academic philosophers address the sort of problems once studied in college: death, the existence of God, the cardinal virtues, the external world, or the prospects for happiness.

3.       In the last eight years there were difficult, almost non-stop negotiations and reported threats of failure, ultimately overcome by a combination of creative compromise and stubborn determination---indeed, some call it unprecedented determination---to succeed.

4.       The discovery of surplus value suddenly threw light on the problem, in trying to solve which all previous investigations, of both bourgeois economists and social critics, had been groping in the dark.

5.       It means that the Unites States, as compared with that position we found ourselves in immediately after World War II, had a challenge such as we did not even dream of.

6.       Science has become so important in the modern world, with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted, that it is included among modern social institutions.

7.       The atom bomb has merely brought home to us, harshly, as a matter of life and death, what has long been growing: our failure to face, our refusal to face, as individuals and as nations, the place of science in our world.

8.       During the 1980s, revolutionary changes in the work lives of Americans, caused by technological advances which will permit greater productivity by fewer workers, will likely result in shortened work weeks, increased released time for workers, and increased pressure for early retirements.

9.       While it is a well-known fact that the fish life in no two river systems, even though they empty into the sea on the same side of a divide, is exactly identical, such streams do have many species in common.

10.   As they grow old, people also accumulate belongings for two other reasons: lack of physical and mental energy---both of which are essential in turning out and throwing away---and sentiment.

11.   If its message were confined merely to information---and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the colour of a shirt is subtly persuasive---advertising would be so boring that no one would pay any attention.

12.   It is the admission of ignorance that leads to progress, not so much because the solving of a particular puzzle leads directly to a new piece of understanding but because the puzzle---if it interests enough scientists---leads to work.

13.   Anyone considering taking part in a work of transformation of those forms of older art which seem to us in many ways unsatisfactory, so that they should be more in tune with the changing times, and anyone who does not quail at the prospect of seeking out new forms of expression_r_r for new materials and new building function, will find spiritual kinship, observing Borromini’s buildings.

14.   Such an interaction occurs, for example, when the technologist, in applying a particular concept of pure science to a practical problem, reveals a gap or limitation in the theoretical model, thus pointing the way for further basic research.

 

理解复杂长句

1．  Until recently scientists would have disapproved of such an idea Aristotle, for example, whose natural science dominated Western thought for two thousand years, believed that man could arrive at an understanding of reality by reasoning from self-evident principles. (1987)

2．  This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that hose who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. (1989)

3．  (Tourists were surprised to see a woman driving a huge orange tractor down one of Rome’s avenues.) Italy’s political leaders and some of its male union chiefs are said to have been even more puzzled to see that the tractor was followed by about 200,000 women in a parading procession that took more than three hours to snake through central Rome.(1990)

Q. the expression_r_r “snake through central Rome” probably means “to move____”

A. quietly through central Rome

B. violently through central Rome

C. in a long winding line through central Rome

D. at a leisurely pace through central Rome

4．  In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of one’s life. (1991)

Q. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because____.

A. the definition of maturity has changed

B. the industrialized society is more developed

C. more education is provided and laws against child labor are made

D. ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance

5．  While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline---after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late 80s---and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives. (2001)

Q: According to the passage, downshifting merged in the U.S. as a result of____

A. the quick pace of modern life

B. man’s adventurous spirit

C. man’s search for mythical experiences

D. the economic situation

6．  When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. (2000)

Q. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to_____.

A. determine its purposes

B. ignore its flaws

C. follow the new fashions

D. accept the principles

7．  (Economists have been particularly surprised by favourable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America’s, have little productive slack.)America’s capacity utilization, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment---the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past. (1997)