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2008年考研阅读text 1解析 (三)

(2017-01-13 18:57:42)
标签:

考研阅读

分类: 应试英语

 

 

【参考答案解析】

21. 参考答案【A

【解析】 A.从文中Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to menStudies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.2句话可以看出由于激素荷尔蒙的原因,女性在生理上面对压力时更脆弱。B.文中没有表明女性受到来自于男性的压力。CD 在前2段中没有说明,故选A

 

22. 参考答案D

【解析】D.首先定位,Dr. Yehuada’s 在第3段中,第一句话, Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress.女性的压力化学物质增多,她面对压力的机会就会增加。也就是更容易暴露在更多的压力下。A.参考答案中有”chemicals”,但是表达的意思是处理压力需要额外的,更多的化学物质,和原文意思不符。B.文中有一句话,“Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,”她们处理压力的能力也许甚至比男性还大,而参考答案的意思是女性处理压力的能力有限,与原文不符。C.参考答案中是“avoiding stress”,而原文中没有提到避免压力。故选D

 

23.参考答案C

【解析】C.先回到原文,第4段,“The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating”来自于这些更长关系的磨损甚至可以是灾难性的。长期的,所以是durable;文中又说,“unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.”they tend not to be one-shot deals,说明不是一次两次,而是经常性的,所以是frequentA. domestic是对的,文中有提及到,但是不是temporary,短暂的,而是长期的。Bviolent是男性面对的压力的特点,而不是女性。D. random也是男性面对的压力的特点,而不是女性。故选C

 

24. 参考答案B

【解析】B.第五段最后定位,“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”说明Alvarez生活很艰难,参考答案中Alvarez的工资仅能支付房租符合文中的意思A Alvarez只关心赚钱,与原文不符。CAlvarez从不同的工作中赚钱,在原文中没有体现。D Alvarez每件东西都是用支票支付的,在原文中没有体现。故选B

 

25. 参考答案D

【解析】D.选出文章的最佳标题,性别的不公平:压力下的女性,最符合原文的意思。A.紧张的压力:无路可出?文中主要是谈女性与压力,这个参考答案不符。B.面对压力的反应:性别的不同,,很多人会误选成这个参考答案,但是文章整篇是强调女性和压力的分析,而不是重点讨论男女性别在压力上的差别。C.压力分析:化学物质告诉我们的,,这个标题倾向于分析压力产生的原因,和原文意思相差较大。故选D

 

【全文翻译】

在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性,但至少在一个方面是领先的,尽管是她们不太想要的。纽约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道,和男性相比,女性面对压力时,更容易受到影响,导致抑郁和紧张。

对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应,导致在同样的条件下,女性产生更多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中,当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢(雌性的生殖器官)被拿掉后,它们的化学反应变得和那些雄性的一样了。

对于女性来说,除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外,她们产生压力的机会也更多。并不是女性要处理的事情太少,而是她们有更多的事情要处理。”Yehuda博士说道。她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大,她观察到,她们只是需要处理的事情太多,看起来会更容易精疲力尽。

Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。我认为,女性通常要做的事是慢性的,重复的。而男人去战场,承受的是格斗的压力。男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。不幸的是,她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子,但她决定完成大学学业。我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位,因为我在实际生活中有很多的挫折,而这就是我的逃避,去学校,争取上游,做到更好。不久后,她离了婚变成一个单亲母亲。除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子,还要工作,付房租,养车,还债是最难的事情了。我的生活就是不停的支付自己的账单。

不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力,但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任,很少得到喘息,从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

      2008年考研阅读text <wbr>1解析 <wbr>(三)

 

【参考答案解析】

 

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

【解析】 文章第12段明确表述,妇女在面对压力时,由于性荷尔蒙的差异,会产生更多的trigger chemicals,而这个是导致她们develop depression and anxiety disorders的原因。所以,妇女在面对压力的时候更加脆弱,选A。而且,还有个支持力非常强的老鼠实验,去掉母鼠的卵巢,则其chemical responses就与公鼠一样了,这说明是生理(或生物,biologically)上的原因。B根本无从谈起,与此项沾点边的是第四段的妇女的压力更多源于妇女与其他家庭成员,虽然这里的“其他家庭成员”最有可能的就是她们的老公(men),但原文并未明述,况且这也是第四段了。C也无从谈起,跟它沾点边的在第3段的这句话:Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens,这个干扰项稍加注意即可排除。D有一点干扰性,男人与妇女在面对压力时,显示出不同的倾向性。但问题是这个“倾向性”如何理解?如果是天然的特质,也有点符合啊。但这个inclination,英文的解释是A characteristic disposition to do, prefer, or favor one thing rather than another; a propensity。这表明,inclination是性格方面,而非生理方面的。所以不对。

单词:

biologically  adv. 生物学上,生物学地

vulnerable    adj. 易受攻击的,易受…的攻击;易受伤害的;有弱点的

inclination    n. 倾向,爱好;斜坡

incline  

vi. 倾斜;倾向;易于

vt. 使倾斜;使倾向于

n. 倾斜;斜面;斜坡

 

 

 

22. Dr. Yehudas research suggests that women

[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.

[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.

[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.

[D] are exposed to more stress.

D.    A错,原文是causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditionsB反了,原文是Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens. C错,原文只是提到她们更有可能面对压力,她们是不是更能避免压力,不得而知啊。D为正确答案,原文有Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress.

 

23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be

[A] domestic and temporary.

[B] irregular and violent.

[C] durable and frequent.

[D] trivial and random.

23.参考答案【C

【解析】C.先回到原文,第4段,“The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating”来自于这些更长关系的磨损甚至可以是灾难性的。长期的,所以是durable;文中又说,“unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.”中they tend not to be one-shot deals,说明不是一次两次,而是经常性的,所以是frequentA. domestic是对的,文中有提及到,但是不是temporary,短暂的,而是长期的。Bviolent是男性面对的压力的特点,而不是女性。D. random也是男性面对的压力的特点,而不是女性。故选C。[答案解析]注意原文women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature,另外有and they tend not to be one-shot deals,能和这些匹配的,只有C

 

 

24. The sentence I lived from paycheck to paycheck. (Line 6, Para. 5) shows that

[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.

[B] Alvarezs salary barely covered her household expenses.

[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.

[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.

24. 参考答案【B

【解析】B.第五段最后定位,“Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”说明Alvarez生活很艰难,参考答案中Alvarez的工资仅能支付房租符合文中的意思A Alvarez只关心赚钱,与原文不符。CAlvarez从不同的工作中赚钱,在原文中没有体现。D Alvarez每件东西都是用支票支付的,在原文中没有体现。故选B

解析2:[答案解析]本题考查的就是对lived from paycheck to paycheck的理解,它的意思是没啥积蓄或其他生活来源,靠工资生活。It means that I had neither any savings or an extra income. I had to manage my expenses within the salary and it had to last till receipt of the next salary. 若不理解这个短语,从文中内容也能猜个大概。她始终在说自己如何如何的不容易,那肯定没有太多积蓄啊。

 

 

25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?

[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference

[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say

[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under Stress

25. 参考答案【D

【解析】D.选出文章的最佳标题,性别的不公平:压力下的女性,最符合原文的意思。A.紧张的压力:无路可出?文中主要是谈女性与压力,这个参考答案不符。B.面对压力的反应:性别的不同,,很多人会误选成这个参考答案,但是文章整篇是强调女性和压力的分析,而不是重点讨论男女性别在压力上的差别。C.压力分析:化学物质告诉我们的,,这个标题倾向于分析压力产生的原因,和原文意思相差较大。故选D

解析2:[答 案解析]本文主题就是谈妇女在面对压力方面受到的伤害远远领先于男人,比男人面对更多的压力,长期又持久,还由于生理的原因,面对压力时分泌的可能导致抑 郁的化学物质又比较多,通篇谈的就是相对于男人,她们在面对压力方面的不幸或不公。主题题型。另外,我们通过互联网搜索到了原文,原文的标题就是D,所以没有悬念。

 

 

 

 

文章整体分析:第一段

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category.Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety  disorders in response to stress compared to men, according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New Yorks Veterans Administration Hospital. 这一段很简单,就两句话。

第一句话,很明显是这一段的主题句,第二句话是 Dr. Yehuda的话,权威人士的话被抬出来基本上都是用来证明主题句的,所以第二句话暂时不看是什么内容,直接锁定第一句话。   那么现在第一句话能读懂吗?    这一句话的主要内容又在第二部分上,因为第一部分是while

开头的,是一个表是让步的意思的单词,那么重点就放在了第二部分上women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category

  好了,第一段的主题句和中心思想知道了,先不管这个第一句是不是整篇文章的主题思想,我们接下来看第二段

  Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

 这段话依然是两句,必然还有一个主题句,这一段的主题句。第一句说的是studies showXXX

,而第二句说的是In several of the studies。那么就表明第一句

是结果,第二句是例子了,第二句的研究得出了第一句的结果。这样能理解吗?

  好,我们再来看这个主题句

  这个主题句主要说的是什么,看得出来吗?

  Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones

somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress

to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.

   自然而然,shown后面就是主题吧?

  sex hormones somehow affect the stress responsecausing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.这个就是主题  

  好了,我们开始下一段  

  Adding to a womans increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased opportunities for stress. Its not necessarily that women dont cope as well. Its just that they have so much more to cope with, says Dr. Yehuda. Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than mens, she observes, its just that they

re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.

  这一段是三句,依然可以分为两部分,

后面一部分还是一个权威人士的说话内容,这个可以先不去管他,

但是你要知道这句话是哪个人说的,以免后面的问题问你这个人说过的话,

而你想不起来再哪里出现过,又重头看一遍文章。

  照第一段的格式,这一段的第一句话就是这段的中心了。

  这一句话,很好理解吧?如果觉得没有办法理解什么意思的话,

可以看看后面这个人说的话,是一个解释的作用,不过看了的话,就会多花一些时间

  Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random

physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.

  又是有引用的话,还是暂时不看,第一句就是这一段的内容的概括。

 提到了另一种差别

  下一段

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better. Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. Its the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.

  这一段都是一个具体的人的例子,大概扫视一下,

发现里面都是她说的一些话。

  暂时认为这个事例是用来证明上一段的那个Dr的发现的。

  下一段

  Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes.

But most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain.Alvarezs experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.

 

这一段是最后一段,比较短小,是不是就没有主题句了呢?错了,看到文章离有一个but

,这就是一个意思的转折,这个转折后面必定是重要的内容,我们来看看

  most women today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. 这个就是这一段的主题

  那么这篇文章的主题是什么呢?通篇都是在说女性的压力的。

 

 

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