一． 常见的前缀

(1)表示数量的前缀

1）semi-(L) hemi (G) 半

semiannually semicolon semi-colonial semi-conductor semimonthly

semiautomatic semi-feudal semifinal semiliterate semiofficial

semiweekly hemisphere semitransparent semi-sphere semi-cycle

2)uni-(L)一

uniform unilateral unanimous一致的 unique union

unison unit unite unity unisex universe university

3)mono-(GK)一

monotonous 单调的 monograph专题论文 monopoly垄断

monologue独白 monorail 单轨 monogamy 一夫一妻制

monosyllable 单音节 monolateral单边 monodrama独角戏

monologist独角戏表演者 monolingual单语的 monochrome 单色

monocrop单一作物 monocultural 文化单一的 monarch君主

monoculture单种栽培 monographer专著作家 monology 独语僻

4)bi-(L)二

bicycle binocular biweekly bimonthly bilateral biplane

binary bilingual bipartisan bicentennial bichrome bigamy bicolor

bicorn bicultural bicyclist biceps二头肌 biconditional bicommunal

5)di(GK)二

dialogue dioxide diode dilemma diphthong dialinguistics(双语学)

6）ambi-(L)二

ambidextrous双手熟练的 ambiguous模棱两可的 ambivalence 矛盾心理

ambiguity歧义 ambilingual双语的 ambisexual两性人

ambisyllable双音节 ambitendency矛盾心理 ambivert中间性格

ambiversion中间性格 ambisonics高保真度立体声复制

7) amphi (GK) 二

amphibian两栖 amphichromatic双色的 amphibology(语言模棱两可)

8）tri (GK,L)三

triangle trigonometry tripod trilogy triode triple tricycle

9)deci-(L) 十分之一

decimeter deciliter decibel decimal decigram

10)deca-(GK),十

decade decameron decagon decimeter

11)centi-(L)百分之一

centigrade cent century centennial centipede

12)kilo-(GK) 千

kilometer kilogram kilowatt kilocycle

13) milli-(L)千

millimeter milligram millennium

14) myria(GK) 万

myriameter myriorama myriad

15)mega(GK)百万

megacycle megaphone megaton

16)micro-(GK)百万分之一

micro-organism micro-wave microwave micro-film

micro-print micro-climate micro-balance micro-switch

micro-surgery micro-book micro-world micro-particle

micro-crack micro-file micro-crobe micro-explosion

micro-earthquake micro-electronics micro-phone micro-scope

micro-chemistry microwave microcode microcomputer

17)multi-(L) 多

multiple choice multi-national multitude multiply

multi-purpose multiracial multilateral multi-polar

multi-molecular multi-channel multiform multi-head

multi-centric multi-role multiparty multiple

multiple store multiprobe multitasking multiversity

18)poly-(GK)多

polytechnical polyclinic polygamy polycentric

polymer Polynesia polysemy polysyllable

polygon polypoly polyandry polycentrist

19)mini-(L)小

minibus minicrystal minicoat miniboom

minicomputer miniwatergate minisummit minicam

minicab ministate minipark minitrain

miniwar minitype minigun minicar

miniskirt minicrisis minikin minimal

miniature minify minimize minimum

minister minipants minor minority

minus minute

20) maxi-(L) 大

maxicoat maxiskirt maxiorder maximum

maxishorts maximize maximal maximazation

(2) 表示否定的前缀

1）a-(变体为an,用在元音之前)（GK）表示缺乏某种性质。

apathetic aseptic athermal asexual atypical

anaemia anarchy amorphous avitaminous amoral

2)anti- (变体为 ant-,用在元音及辅音h 之前)（ GK）表示‘反对，反面’等意思。

the Anti-Japanese War antibiotics antibody

anticancer antipathy Antarctic antiaircraft gun

3)contra (L) 表示“相反，反对”。

contrast contrary contradict contraceptive

4) counter (L) 表示“相反”

counterpart counter-revolutionary counteraction counterclaim

counterattack counterclockwise countercharge counterculture

counterevidence counterexample counterembargo countercase

5)de(L) 表示“相反”和“去除”等意思。

decolor decomposition demilitarize demagnetize

demobilize deform destruction decapitate

decentralize deescalate demystify detach

depenalize depollute debureaucritize deration

defame de-oil decode defuse defrost debug

6)dis-(L)表示“否定或相反”的意思。

disable disadvantage disagree disappear disappoint

disarm disaster discard discharge discontinue

discomfort discount discourage discover disorder

disease dishonorable dissatisfaction disproof dissuade

7)in-(变体为ig,il,im,ir,)表示否定意义。

inaccessible inaccurate inadequate incapable incompatible

incredible indefinite indispensable ineffective inevitable

inexpensive infinite innocent innumerable inorganic

insignificant instability insufficient invariably invisible

ignoble ignorance illegal illogical illiterate

immoral impatient imperfect improper impurity

irregular irresponsible irrespective irreversible

8)mal-含有“坏，不当”的意思。

maltreat malnutrition malediction malformation

malefactor maladministration malpractice malfunction

9)mis-(OE) 表示错误或否定的意思。

misdeed misfire misfortune misguided mislead misspell

misprint misuse mistrust mistake mispronounce

misrepresent misunderstand

10)non-(L) 表示否定的意思。

nonconformist noninterference nonsense non-smoker

nonviolence non-stop flight non-achiever non-addict

non-color non-book(非书)

11）un(OE) 表示“否定，相反”的意思。

uncertain unconscious undesirable unemployment

unfair unfit unfortunately unheard-of

unload unlock unbend undo

unsuitable unfasten untie undress

(3) 表示空间和时间的前缀

ab-表示“脱离，分离”(away,off,from,apart)

abnormal absent abuse absorb abstract

2) ad-,意思是‘朝向，附近，增减为(to,towards,at ,near,into )。’

变体为(ac-,af-,al-,an,ap,as,at,)。

adapt address adequate adhere adjacent

adjective adjoin admire adopt admission

adventure advertise advocate accent accelerate

access accommodate accompany accomplish accord

account accumulate accuse accustom acquisition

acquaint acquire affect affirm afford

aggravate aggressive allege alleviate allot

announce annul ally appendix appetite

applaud appliance appoint appreciate approach

approve approximate arrange array arrest

arrow assemble assess assign attain associate

assist assume assure attach attract attribute

3)amb-(GK)意思是“周围”（around,about）.

ambient ambition ambush

4)ante-(L)表示‘在前面或早于’。

anteroom antecedent antedate

5)by-(OE)表示“副”，“次要的”。

byend bylaw bypass bypath byproduct byroad bywork

6)circum-(L) 表示‘周围，环绕’

circuit circulate circumstance circumlocution circus

encircle circular circumference circumcircle circle

circumnavigation cycle bicycle encyclopedia

7)de-(L) 表示‘向下，离开’。

decay decline degradation depend deposit depress

depart deviate department deficiency default deflect descend

8)dia-(GK)表示“通过”（through, between）。

diagnose diagram dialogue diameter

9)dis-(变体为di)(L)表示“分离，离去”。

dismiss displace dispel dissipate dissolve distribute

dimension diverse divorce distinguish distillation

10)ex-(变体为e,ee,ef,)(GK,L)表示“外面或向外”.

exceed exceedingly excellent except exception excess

exclaim exhaust exhibit exhibition exit exact

emit emigrate exotic exodus expand expenditure

explain explicit explode export expose exposition

extend extensive exterior external extract

有时这个词缀表示‘前任’。

ex-president ex-husband ex-serviceman ex-mayor ex-convict

11)extra-(L) 表示“外面和通过 ”。

extra extraordinary extravagant

12)fore-(OE) 表示时间或空间上的前面。

forearm foreleg forefront foresee forecast foregoing

foreground forewarn forehead foretell foreword

13)in-(变体为il, im, ir) , 表示“内部，向内”。(in,into,upon)

include income incorporate induce ingredient inherent

inject inland inlet input insert insight

inspire intake invade invest investigate imprison

involve inward illuminate immigrate impact implement

import impression

14)inter-表示“相互，之间”。

interact interchange intercourse interconnect intermediate

international interplanetary interpret interrupt interdepend

intervene interview interpersonal interfere interbehaviorism

15)out-(OE),表示“外面，向外和超过”。

outbreak outcome outdoor outlet outline outlook

output outnumber out-patient outsider outstanding

16)over-(OE)表示‘在上面，超越，过分’。

overact overall overburden overcharge overcoat overcome

overcritical overflow overestimate overhang overhead overlap

overload overlook overnight overseas overtake overwhelm

17)per-(L)表示“穿过，完全”。

perceive perfect perform performance persist persuade pervade

18)post-(L) 表示时间或空间上的后面。

postscript postwar postpone postgraduate post-modernism posthumous

19)pre-(L),表示时间或空间上的前面。

precaution precede preceding unprecedented predecessor predict

predominant preface prefer pre-election prehistoric preheat

preliminary prelude prepare preposition prerequisite prescribe

preserve president presume pretend prevent previous

20)pro-(GK) 表示表示时间，空间或顺 上的“前面”。

procedure proceed process procession proclaim produce

profession profile profit program progress project

prominent promise promote pronounce propel propose

proposition prospect protest provide provision

21)re-(L)表示“返回”，“还原 ”“反对”和“相互”的意思。

recall receipt reconcile recover reflect renew

release repair replaceresign resource restore

reverse review rebel reclaim reject reluctant

repel resent resist restrain restrict revolt

reset response revenge remote remove retire

redouble refine remark research respect resolve

22)sub--(L) ( 变体为 suc, suf ,sug,sup sus)，意思是‘在…下面’，

引申义有“亚”“副”“次”“分”“再”等。

sub-committee sub-conscious sub-delegate sub-tropical sub--band

sub-title sub-way sub-system sub-topic sub-space

substandard sub-normal sub-mersion sub-mission subminiature

sub-man sub-sample sub-sale sub-mark subdivide subject

submarine subordinate sub-program subscribe substance

substitute suburb subsoil sub-water subtract

succeed sufficient suggest support supply

suppress suspend suspect sustain

23)super-(L) (变体为 sur-,sup-) 意思是“ ”在。。。上面，超过(on top,above)“

superficial superior superiority superman supermarket superpower

supersonic

superstructure superface surplus survive supreme

24)tele-(GK) 表示“远”。

telegram telegraph telephone telescope telelecture

telemarketing television telecommunications(telecom) telephoto

teleoperator teleplay telesat telescript telewriter

telerecord telex telecamera teleconfernecetelefilm

teleclass telecourse teleport teleprinter teleprocessing

telethon telework

25)trans-(L) 表示“横过 ，越过(across)”。

transaction transfer transform transcontinental transient

transistor translate transmit transparent transport

transgene transcentury transplant

26)ultra-(L)表示“在。。。之外(beyond)”

ultrahigh超高 ultra-left ultra-right ultraviolet紫外线 ultrasonic超声波

27)under (OE)表示“低于，不足”

underdeveloped underestimate undergraduate underground underprivileged

underline underlying underloaded underinvestment underlet

undermine underpaid underpass underpayment underworld

underneath undertake undertone undertime underwrite

(4)表示程度的前缀page37-38

extra-(L) 表示“超过的”

extra extraordinary exrtraterritorial external extramural extranuclear extravagant

2)out (OE) 表示“超过的”意思

outweigh outnumber outbid outdo outeat outfly outgeneral outgrow outrank

3)over(OE)表示“过分，太”

overcharge overcareful overact overbuild overburden overdo overcritical

overdose overestimate overpopulated overwork overcaution

4)quasi-(L)表示“类似的 ，准”。

quasihistorical quasicholera quasiofficial

quasisovereign quasiconductor quasi contract

5)under-(OE)表示‘低于，不足’。

undercharge underdeveloped undersized understaffed underexposure

（5）表示特殊意义的前缀

auto-((GK)表示“自身、自己、自动“的意思。

automobile automation autobiography autosuggestion autonomy （自治）

autocracy autogamy autograph autothermic autotransformer

2) con-(L) “一起，共同”（变体有con,com cor）page39---page 41

conceal concentrate concern conclude concrete concurrent

condense conduct confess conference confidence confirm

conflict conform confront confuse congratulate congress

conquer consent consequence comprehensive

conserve constitute consult consume contact context contest

contract contribution conversation collaborate colleague collide combat

combine commission committee community compact comparative

compile compatible comply compose compound compress

compromise corporation correlated correspond

3)eu-(GK) 表示“好”的意思。Page41

eulogy颂词 eugenics优生学 euphemism委婉语 euphony 谐音

4) hetero-(GK) 表示“异，杂”。

heterogen异基因 heterogeneous异类的 ，异性的，异族的 heterosexual异性恋的

heteromorphy 异态现象 hetero-metabolism异新陈代谢 heteronym 同型异音异义词

heterophobia异性恐惧症 heterosuggestion他人暗示 heterograph异拼法

5)homo-(GK),表示“相同”的意思。

homo-geneous 均匀的 homo-type同型 homo-sexual同性恋的 homo-transplant同种移植

6)neo-(GK) 表示“新的”

neocolonialism新殖民主义 neo-classicism新古典主义 Neolithic新石器时代的

neo-Darwinism 新达尔文主义 neologism 新词语

7)re-(L) 表示“再一次，重新”的意思。

readjust reaffirm rebirth rebuild recite reform refreshment refuel reconsider

revise relay relieve remind represent reputation resort retail retrieve

revive renew refund resume resort remedy

8)syn-(GK)表示“共同，合”。Page43

sympathy同情 symphony 交响乐 symposium座谈会

synonym 同义词 syntonic谐振的 synthesis合成 syntherma同温的l

9)vice-(L)表示“副，次”的意思。

vice-president vice-minister viceregal 副王的 viceroy副王 viscount子爵

(6) 改变词类的前缀

1）a-(L) 能将动词转换成表语性形容词，或者将名词转化成副词。Page 44

afire 燃烧着 alive asleep astir astride跨坐着 aglimmer闪着微光

awash 波浪冲打的 afloat aboard abed aside aback向后

2)be-(OE) 能将不及物动词或名词，形容词转换成及物动词。

befall 使遭遇 bemoan 悲叹 beseem适宜 bespeak预示 befriend帮助belittle贬低

becloud 遮暗 becalm使镇定 befog使迷惑 bedew沾湿 bedim 使阴暗

3)en-(L) 将名词、形容词转换成动词，并表示“置于。。。之中。”

enable encircle 包围 embody 体现 endanger 危及 enslave 奴役

enlarge enfeeble使衰弱 ensure保证 empower授权