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祈使句(Imperative sentence)

(2011-09-14 20:51:03)
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杂谈

 Unit6 PetsGrammer
一、祈使句(Imperative sentence)
祈使句是表示请求、给予命令或指示的句子。它的主语是you(听话者),通常省略,把后面的谓语动词置于句首,并且谓语动词一律用原形。
1)祈使句的肯定形式
各种动词原形 + 宾语/表语/不加,如:Stand up, please. ;
Pass it to me.;Be quiet.
2) 祈使句的否定形式
Do not / Don’t + 谓语动词原形,如:   Don’t open the door, please.
Don’t sit down.
Don’t be late again.
▲ please可放句首或句尾,不影响动词和整句话。
3) 祈使句的反意疑问句一般:祈使句,+ will you?
(无论句首是什么动词,肯定或否定,都用will you)特殊:Let’s 开头的祈使句,+ shall we?
a.在肯定的祈使句后,为了使祈使句听起来比较婉转、客气可加一个简短的问句,如:will you?would you?won't you?can you?could you?can't you?最常用的是will you?或won't you?
Speak louder,will you?
请大声点儿,好吗?
Open the window,will you?
请打开窗子,好吗?注意在否定的祈使句后,只能用will you?
Don't wait for me,will you?
请别等我,好吗?
Don't be late,will you?
别迟到,行吗?
Give me a hand,won't you?
请帮我一下,好吗?
b.在Let's祈使句后加上shall we?或shan't we?,在Let us(me,him…)后加上will you?或won't you?
Let's go,shall we?咱们走吧,好吗?
Let's have a cup of tea,shall we?
我们去喝杯茶,好吗?
Let her play the piano,will you?
让她弹钢琴吧,(您说)行吗?
Let me sing a song for you,will you?
让我为你唱一首歌,好吗?注意像dislike,hate…这样的词,虽然意思是不喜欢、讨厌、否定的,但仍按肯定句来处理。
You dislike English,don't you?
你不喜欢英语,是吗?
Yes,I do.
是的,我不喜欢。
No,I don't.
不,我喜欢。
Let's和Let us的区别◇1.Let‘s是Let us的缩写。包括说话人和听话人双方在内,含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思。在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let’s.如: ---Shall we go by train? ---Yes,let's.◇2.当请求对方允许自己(第一人称复数)做某事时,要用Let us,这里的 us 不包括听话对方在内,不能缩写为Let's. 如两个同学对老师说: Please let us remove the bookshelf for you. 让我俩给你移动一下书架。◇3.两者在构成附加疑问句时,方法不同。如: Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影,好吗? Let us go to see the film,will you? 让我们去看电影,好吗?
Open the window, will you?
Don’t open the window, will you?
Be quick, will you?
Don’t be late for school, will you?
Let us play with snow, will you?
(Let us只是对听话者所说,主语仍是you)
Let’s play with snow, shall we?
(Let’s是表示第一人称的祈使句,包含说话者,所以主语是we)
▲ Let’s引导的祈使句,其否定形式为Let’s not … ,如:Let’s not have a rest
4)祈使句的反意疑问句的回答
如果问的是shall we? 回答 Yes,we shall/No,we shall not.
如果问的will you? 回答 Yes,I/we will或No,I/we will not.
▲注意翻译:yes翻译为不,no翻译为是
1.Le's go home ,_____ ______? 2.Let us go home ,_____ ______? 3. Open the door ,_____ ______? 4.I am a teacher ,_____ ______? 5.No one is here ,_____ ______?shall wewill   youwill   youaren't   Iis   thereExercise
1. Be sure to write to us, _______?  (NMET 93)
A. will you
B. aren’t youC. can youD. mustn’t youA2 Let’s take a rest, ___________.A. will weB. shall we
C. shan’t we
D. won’t weB3 Let us pass, _________?
A. shan’t we
B. shall we
C. won’t we
D. will youD4 Wait a minute, __________?
A. shall you
B. will youC. do youD. don’t youB二、情态动词should, ought to和must
should和ought to都表示“应该,应当”,must表示“必须”或“肯定”。
1) should的用法
A. 在各种句型中要遵守情态动词的一般规则
肯定:should + 动词原形(与人称和时态无关)
否定:should + not + 动词原形
疑问:Should + 主语 + 动词原形
You should clean the rabbit hutch every day.
You should not get a pet if you don’t have enough time.
B.在第一人称的疑问句中表示询问对方的意愿,语气委婉,如:What should I do now?
2) ought to的用法
ought to比should语气强,带有责备或督促的意思。
肯定:ought to + 动词原形
否定:ought + not + to + 动词原形
疑问:Ought + 主语 + to + 动词原形
You ought to brush your cat often.           You ought not to feed your dog at the table.
Ought we to clean the classroom right now?
3) must的用法
A. 在各种句型中要遵守情态动词的一般规则
肯定:must + 动词原形(与人称和时态无关)
否定:must + not + 动词原形
疑问:Must + 主语 + 动词原形
B. 否定形式有两个,分别为mustn’t(不准,禁止)和needn’t(不必),如:
You mustn’t play football in the street. It’s dangerous.(不应该,禁止)
--- May I take the fish out of water?  --- No, you mustn’t.(不准,禁止)
You needn’t water this kind of flowers every day. (不必)
--- Must I finish the homework at school?  --- No, you needn’t. (不必)
4) have to与must的意思相似,但have(不得不)强调客观,而must强调主观看法,如:
He must clean his bedroom now. He is a tidy man.(主观意愿)
He has to clean his bedroom now. His mother makes him do it.(客观外部的需要)
▲ have to能用于更多时态,如:
Yesterday I had to eat bread for supper because there was nothing else at home.
He will have to cook for himself tonight.
5) must还可以表示推测,用于肯定句,如:
The light is on. She must be in the room.(一定,大概)
▲ 它的否定形式就是前面提到的 “can’t”,意思是“不可能”。Bye-Bye  

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