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百合，又名强蜀、番韭、山丹、倒仙、重迈、中庭、摩罗、重箱、中逢花、百合蒜、大师傅蒜、蒜脑薯、夜合花等，是百合科百合属多年生草本球根植物，原产于中国，主要分布在亚洲东部、欧洲、北美洲等北半球温带地区，全球已发现有至少120个品种，其中55种产于中国。近年更有不少经过人工杂交而产生的新品种，如亚洲百合、香水百合、火百合等。鳞茎含丰富淀粉，可食，亦作药用。

百合由近百块鳞片抱合而成，古人视为“百年好合”、“百事合意”的吉兆。故历来许多情侣在举行婚礼时都要用百合来做新娘的捧花。除了这种好意头之外，它那副端庄淡雅的芳容确实十分可人。它植株挺立，叶似翠竹，沿茎轮生，花色洁白，状如喇叭，姿态异常优美，能散出隐隐幽香，被人誉为“云裳仙子”。故在国际花卉市场上长期走俏，历久不衰。

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唐代王勔著《百合花赋》：“荷春光之余照，托阳山之峻趾，比蓂荚之能连，引芝芳而自拟”。唐人段成式在《西阳杂俎》中记载：“唐宪宗元和末海陵夏侯已庭前生百合花，大于掌数倍”。宋代著名诗人陆游在暮年种植与欣赏百合中更焕发出无穷的青春情趣，题百合诗曰：“芳兰移取遍中林，余地何妨种玉簪。更乞两丛香百合，老翁七十尚童心”。宋·苏轼有“堂前种山丹，错落玛瑙盘”之诗句。苏辙在栽植山丹的乐趣中题五言诗句：“吾庐适新成，西有数畦地。乘秋种山丹，得雨生可喜。山丹非佳花，老圃有深意。宿根已得土，绝品皆可寄。明年春阳升，盈尺烂如绮。”；“筑室力已尽，种花功尚疏。山丹得春雨，艳色照庭除。末品何曾数，群芳自不如。”宋·杨万里在欣赏山丹花时，曾吟七言诗句：“春去无芳可得寻，山丹最晚出幽林。花似鹿葱还耐久，叶如芍药不多深。”

七夕诗

南北朝-何逊

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仙车驻七襄。凤驾出天潢。

月映九微火。风吹百合香。

来欢暂巧笑。还泪已沾裳。

依稀如洛汭。倐忽似高唐。

别离未得语。河汉渐汤汤。

西轩种山丹

宋-苏辙

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淮阳千叶花，到此三百里。

城中众名园，栽接比桃李。

吾庐适新成，西有数畦地。

乘秋种山丹，得雨生可喜。

山丹非佳花，老圃有深意。

宿根已得土，绝品皆可寄。

明年春阳升，盈尺烂如绮。

居然盗天功，信矣斯人智。

根苗相因依，非真亦非伪。

客来但一笑，勿问所从致。

生查子（同前夏日即事）

宋-晁补之

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永日向人妍，百合忘忧草。

午枕梦初回，远柳蝉声杳。

藓井出冰泉，洗沦烦襟了。

却挂小帘钩，一缕炉烟袅。

窗前作小土山蓺兰及玉簪最後得香百合并种之

宋-陆游

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方兰移取遍中林，余地何妨种玉簪。

更乞两丛香百合，老翁七十尚童心。

山丹花

宋-杨万里

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春去无芳可得寻，山丹最晚出云林。

柿红一色明罗袖，金粉群虫集宝簪。

花似鹿匆还耐久，叶如芍药不多深。

青泥瓦斛移山菂，聊著书窗伴小吟。

南歌子

宋-姚述尧

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瑞彩迎朝日，柔枝绕庆云。

谁将仙种下天阍。

却笑葵杯榴火、俗纷纷。

色映蔷薇水，光浮琥珀尊。

美人浴罢近黄昏。

总把淡妆浓抹、斗芳芬。

山丹

宋-刘克庄

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偶然避雨过民舍，一本山丹恰盛开。

种久树身樛似盖，浇频花面大如杯。

怪疑朱草非时出，惊问红云甚处来。

何惜书生无事力，千金移入画栏栽。

山丹花

宋-董嗣杲

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知是何峰秀所钟，曾因手种得仙翁。

暑须怯袅粘金穗，凉瓣嗔封迸柿红。

扑卖有声传寂昼，幽妍无力借薰风。

窑瓶插满清香烈，欹枕探吟鄙鹿葱。

山丹花

宋-无名氏

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烟红露缘晓风香，燕舞莺啼春日长。

谁道使君贫且老，绣屏锦帐咽笙簧。

山居

宋-王之望

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山居入长夏，草树绕我屋。

微风披拂之，有声来肃肃。

葳蕤摇散影，掩冉飘暗馥。

百合开数花，孤芳更清淑。

我卧北窗下，午枕睡方足。

挹此一襟凉，泠然若堪掬。

坐使万虑空，乐哉谢羁束。

有同颜氏子，坐忘遗耳目。

又如慧可师，安心得归宿。

落日行庭前，披衣自扪腹。

閒扶旧僵石，细数新上竹，

小禽时下来，相鸣入丛簇。

见我不惊飞，人禽两幽独。

山丹花

宋-无名氏

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烟红露缘晓风香，燕舞莺啼春日长。

谁道使君贫且老，绣屏锦帐咽笙簧。

元-佚名

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昨朝满树花正开，胡蝶来，胡蝶来。

今朝花落委苍苔，不见胡蝶来，胡蝶来。

百合花

清-严兆鹤

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学染淡黄萱草色，几枝带露立风斜。

自怜入世多难合，未称庭前种此花。

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