原文网址:http://hi.baidu.com/yangleir/item/b3733fc3376d27300931c6cf
Jason-1(2) 卫星高度计数据产品和数据集
Q:
有哪些类型的测高数据文件?
各自特点?
如何获取?
如何读数据?
==========================
本文只介绍Jason T/P卫星系列(没有涉及ENVISAT系列:ERS-1,ERS-2、RA2)。
因数据生产的时间和单位不一样,数据的格式和种类略有区别,但大部分的测高卫星数据都可用brat软件读取。
另外数据产品和数据文件之间还有较为详细的隶属关系,测高卫星数据产品较多,数据文件更多。
例如OGDR数据,包含三种数据文件(files),和具体的数据文件也不是等同,有包含关系。
Jason-2有三种数据类型,9种数据文件,每个类型有三种文件。
本文不能一一叙述,凭自己微薄之力,不能完全覆盖各种数据,只是列出最常见的,希望大家相互交流学习,共为卫星测高发展。
1 数据类型
1.1数据级别
根据数据产生的时间先后、精度高低,高度计数据分为以下几种级别。注意不是研究中的实际数据类,实际数据有附加的标记,如-M(merge),O(operational)I (internal),。
i. 遥测数据telemetry data(raw data)level1。
ii. 感应器数据senior data records(engineering units )level1。
iii. 地球物理数据Geophysical Data Record(geophysical units ) level2。
iv. 沿轨数据产品如SLA(fullycorrected sea level anomalies)level 3。They result from an optimal cross calibration of all in-flightaltimetry sateillites and are available free of charge in near real time andoffline.
v. 格网数据gridded products resulting from optimal analysis as mapped SLA andmapped ADT. They are available free of charge for scientific studies only.
1.2数据产品
1.2.1 GDR-M (geographical data record -merged )
GDR-Ms are altimeter products onAVISO/Altimetry CD ROMs containing merged TOPEX/POSEIDONGeophysicalData Records (GDR-Ms, version C).
GDR-Ms are generated from TOPEX andPOSEIDON measurements to reinforce unity of the TOPEX/POSEIDON mission i.e.they are designed scientifically to be as homogeneous as possible to use in oceanand geophysical studies.
To achieve this, special attention was paidon various elements of the original GDRs. Generally speaking, no information is lost when going from GDR-Ts and GDR-Ps(同样是结果校正和确认的地球物理数据,分别是高度计Topex和Poseidond的数据,可能没有形成产品。-M则表示融合了2个高度计的数据。这可以看做是高度计数据融合的成功应用) to GDR-Ms. Computationsof some other elements are possible because they do not depend on sensormeasurements.
Basically, GDR-M includes the measurementlocations based on orbit ephemeris, altimeter height measurements andassociated corrections. When TOPEX andPOSEIDON altimeters do not provide any measurements, the GDR-M does not includeany records(也就是说自己不去拟合数据).A GDR-M consists of ten-day repeat cycles of data. It is organized as a cycleheader file and a maximum of 254 pass-files (about 200 Mb per cycle). A pass-file contains altimeter data from asatellite pass (half a revolution). Elementary records of a pass-file areone per second(采样频率是1Hz), but may be discontinuous if measurements are not available。
里面有基本的观测量(后弦散射系数,距离,还有有效浪高)和改正数等。可用brat软甲读取。
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软件中显示字段的列表。
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数据分布(中国区域,后弦散射系数,brat软件制作)
1.2.2 OSDR-operational senior data record (Jason-1称为此,Jason-2则称为OGDR)
是未确认(non-validateddata )的数据,轨道精度低(只用了DORIS定轨,radial accuracies 优于4cm),没有进行波形重定。
1.2.3 IGDR - interim geographical datarecord (Jason -1 Jason -2都有此称呼)
同样是不完全确认(non-fullyvalidated )的数据,轨道精度提高(综合了Doris,GPS,SLR,radial accuracies 优于2.5cm),且进行了波形重定。与OSDR不同的是IGDR包含了所有的环境和地球物理改正。含有Ku和C波段1Hz(为主)和20Hz(较少,含有轨道和高度计高度)的数据。
1.2.4 GDR geographical data record
是完全确认的数据,轨道精度高,进行了波形重定.
1.2.5SDR 原始的感应器数据,TP称谓
1.2.6SIGDR senior interim geographical datarecord ,感应器临时地球物理数据,含有波形数据
1.2.6 SGRD senior geographical data record
含有波形数据的地球物理数据集。比S(I)DR高级。
1.2.7WDR waveform data record 只含有波形数据T/P有此称谓。
1.3简单比较
Jason-1卫星有OSDR IGDR GDR 三种级别
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IGDR OSDR GDR有什么?
GDR有的IGDR都有,数据存储结构和GDR一样(Netcdf- Network Common Data Form,一种常用的气象数据存储格式,详情请登录:http://www.unidata.ucar.edu/software/netcdf/),有头信息和科学数据信息.
OSDR 则是较原始的数据,准实时的,使用相对较少。和IGDR,GDR内容不同,内部含有感应器的原始记录数据,,一般为数据处理中心的人员使用,较少分发,不为外人所用。波形数据也是从SGRD(校正之后的感应器地球物理数据)中读取。
GDR与IGDR的区别。
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(Jason-2数据之别,
与Jason-1 的分类不同的是OSDR变成了OGDR
(O)(I)GDR products are identical except forthe following differences regarding the auxiliary data used in the processing:
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Jason-2 数据产品和数据集
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All nine files contain sea surface height,ocean surface wind speed, significant wave height information and all requiredcorrections. The NetCDF files differin the amount andtype of auxiliary data included but the product format is the same.
)
卫星测高数据类型时间先后,精度高低问题
针对Jason-1 t/p后续卫星,与envisat系列不同
OSDR (operational senior data record )non-validated near real time 3hours latency
OGDR (Operational Geophysical Data Record (OGDR) produced in near realtime)Jason-2数据没有OSDR之称谓,OGDR类似与OSDR。
IGDR(version :a b c)2-3 天延迟(注意延迟时间,Jason-2不同于Jason-1)
GDR(version a b c ) 30天延迟
GDR-M(merged data) 延迟时间较长,因为需要混合T/P两个高度计的数据。肯定在GDR-T和GDR-P之后生产。
2数据获取和读取
2.1获取
用于科学研究是免费的。具体操作可参考数据使用协议(如:LICENCE TO USE AVISO PRODUCTS)。
Jason-2数据生产单位:
准实时的OGDR(OGDR, OGDR-SSHA, and OGDR-BUFRfiles)由NOAA和EUMETSAT共同生产,二者都有一个数据下载地面站,互相交换数据,使用户都能得到完整的数据。
IGDR GDR有CNES生产,由CNES(AVISO:http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com )和NASA(CLASS:http://www.class.noaa.gov )存档分发。
Jason-1 数据由两个机构共同分发。科学研究用途的数据方法有地理安排协议(CNES-NASA agreement),分发给不同地区的研究者。
a:AVISO HTTP://WWW.aviso.cnes.net
b:PO.DAAC HTTP://WWW.podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
详情登陆网站查询
目前在轨的高度计是Jason-2,其数据(准实时数据对于海啸信号的及时研究和评估较重要)可以从以下渠道获取。
EUMETSAT:http://www.eumetsat.int/Home/index.htmOIGDR。需要注册申请。
A :准实时数据 使用DVB(DigitalVideo Broadcast)技术,由商业卫星播送数据。
EUMETSAT operates threeEUMETCast[A1] [A2] broadcasts: EUMETCast Europe in Ku-band via Hotbird-6 EUMETCast Africa inC-band via AtlanticBird-3 and EUMETCast South America in C-band viaNewSkies-806.
这种方法下载数据需要一台电脑(1500欧元),一个天线。数据处理处理软件(100欧元)。相当于假设了一个数据下载台站。特点是数据处理在EUMETSAT中心完成之后,5分钟之内可通过卫星播发。
Jason-2的准实时数据在所有的卫星频道上都有(3个),但是播发的覆盖范围不包含中国,中有欧洲,非洲,南美洲
B:该机构也有不用卫星分发的非实时存档数据,可以在网站注册申请下载,大概需几天的时间拿到数据。
GTSaccess for OGDR-BUFR file
Allof the OGDR-BUFR data, whether injected by NOAA or EUMETSAT, will appear on the WorldMeteorological Organization’s GTS network. And users with a GTS presence(typically large meteorological agencies) can retrieve the data by keying onthe WMO/GTS headers specific to the Jason-2 data: ‘ISZX01 KNES’ for NOAA OGDR-BUFR files, and ‘ISZX01 EUMS’ for EUMETSAT OGDR-BUFR files. The original files arecomprised of approximately 15 minute BUFR ‘messages’ which will appearseparately on the GTS.
It is alsopossible to scour the NOAA National Weather Service’s GTS ftp server for the individual
messages, by searching for ‘ISZX01’strings. At this time, the OGDR-BUFR messages have been
appearing at the following location, butfuture access at this specific site cannot beguaranteed:
http://tgftp.nws.noaa.gov/SL.us008001/DF.bf/DC.sfsat/DS.qscat
NOAA: http://www.class.noaa.gov/saa/products/user_profile
NOAA’s DataDistribution Server (DDS) 需要注册申请
负责(O)(I)GDR的分发。一天的OGDR数据有200M。
CNESvia AVISO data service: http://www.aviso.oceanobs.com负责(I)GDR的分发
Details of off line data access via CNES
Users have access to Jason-2 public datathrough a dedicated AVISO ftp server with an anonymous account. Off line IGDRand GDR products are available on the following server:
IP address: avisoftp.cnes.fr
User account: anonymous
Home directory : /AVISO/pub/jason-2
Jason-1 Data Products at AVISO and PODAAC
Jason-1 data continue to be available inthe original Jason-1 format, and are now also available in the same NetCDFformat as the Jason-2 products. Jason-1 products are available in both formatson the AVISO and PODAAC ftp servers.
Jason-1 Products on AVISO FTP Server.
The AVISO server for Jason-1 productsis:
avisoftp.cnes.fr
Login anonymous
Jason-1 products in NetCDF format areavailable on the following directories:
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/igdr - directory containing IGDR nativeproducts
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/sigdr- directory containing S-IGDR
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr_netcdf/ssha - directory containing IGDR reduced products
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_c_netcdf/gdr - directory containing GDR native products
(with a sub directory for each cycle)
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_netcdf/ssha - directory containing GDR reducedproducts
(with a sub directory for each cycle)
Jason-1 products in their original formatcontinue to be available in the following directories:
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/igdr - directory containing IGDR products
/AVISO/pub/jason-1/gdr_c - directory containing GDR native products
Jason-1 Products on PODAAC FTP Server.
ThePODAAC server for Jason-1 products is:
podaac.jpl.nasa.gov
Login anonymous
Jason-1 products in NetCDF format areavailable on the following directories:
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr_netcdf - directory containing IGDR native products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr_ssha_netcdf- directory containing IGDR reduced
products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_netcdf_c - directory containing GDR native products
(with a sub directory for each cycle)
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_ssha_netcdf_c- directory containing GDR reduced
products
Jason-1 products in their original formatcontinue to be available in the following directories:
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/osdr - directory containing OSDRproducts
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/igdr - directory containing IGDR products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/gdr_c - directory containing GDR native products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/j1_ssha - directory containing GDR reduced products
/pub/sea_surface_height/jason/j1_atg - directory containing GDR reducedproducts
2.2读取
brat软件。Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox
在windows和Unix下都可使用,主要特点是简单,功能大,可以读取绝大多数高度计数据。(http://earth.eo.esa.int/brat/html/data/soft_global_cnesesa_brat.html)
另外还有许多专门的测高数据读取软件。可以结合自己的使用数据
Ncview: anetCDF visual browser(http://meteora.ucsd.edu/~pierce/ncview_home_page.html
ncBrowseA Graphical netCDF File Browser (http://www.epic.noaa.gov/java/ncBrowse/)
ESA 工具软件集:http://earth.esa.int/resources/softwaretools#envisat
Brat 软件简介
The Basic RadarAltimetry Toolbox is able to read most distributed radar altimetry data, from(ERS-1 & 2 (ESA), Topex/Poseidon (NASA/CNES), Geosat Follow-On (US Navy), Jason-1 (CNES/NASA), Envisat (ESA), and the future Cryosat (ESA) and Jason-2(CNES/NASA/EUMETSAT/NOAA) missions. The different typesof data readable and processed by theBasic Radar Altimetry Toolbox are listed below
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Brat可读取的level1B/2级别的数据。
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Brat可读取的高级别数据(level 3、4)类型。
界面操作比较简单,容易上手。
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brat主界面
另外注意其命令操作,界面能做到命令都能做,批处理功能较强大。
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下面是brat的exe小程序,可以编写批处理(bat)实现,可以在cmd中实验能不能用,并且查看程序帮助(需要定位到当前文件夹)。
BratCreateYFX.exe:create an output netCDFwith one or several data field(s) with respect to a single field
BratCreateZFXY.exe :create anoutput netCDF with one or several data field(s) with respect to twodifferent fields (e.g. longitude,latitude)
BratDisplay.exe:enable to visualise an outputnetCDF
BratExportAscii.exe:export an output to Ascii
BratExportGeoTiff.exe :export gridded data from a netCDF product to GeoTiff (with optional GoogleEarth wrapper)
BratListFieldNames.exe
BratShowInternalFile.exe
BratStats.exe
4参考文献,资料
1. “OSTM/Jason-2 Products Handbook”, CNES : SALP-MU-M-OP-15815-CN ,EUMETSAT : EUM/OPS-JAS/MAN/08/0041 ,JPL : OSTM-29-1237 ,NOAA/NESDIS : PolarSeries/OSTM J400
2. AVISO/Altimetry 1996,"AVISO User Handbook for Merged TOPEX/POSEIDONproducts",AVI-NT-02-101, Edition 3.0.
3. Basic Radar Altimetry Toolboxv2.1.1User Manual
[A1]EUMETCast is part of a wider data dissemination cooperation networkknown as GEONETCast, defined as a global network of satellite based datadissemination systems providing environmental data to a world-wide usercommunity. The current partners within the GEONETCast initiative
[A2]
brat下载地址:
The latest version (v3.1.0) of the Basic Radar Altimetry Toolbox (BRAT) was released on March 21, 2012
http://www.altimetry.info/html/data/installer_download_en.html