二, 一对), twin(s), twig ([twig]n.嫩枝, 小
            枝, 末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次, 两倍), twiddle (with…v.玩弄, 旋弄,捻), twill
            ([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.
            斜纹织物的), twine ([twain]n.合股线, 细绳, 麻线, 搓v.搓, 织, 编饰, (使)缠绕),
            twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛, 如刺一样痛, 剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛, 刺痛), twinkle
            ([5twiNkl]v.闪烁, 闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁, 发光, 牛眼), twist([twist]n.一扭, 扭曲,手法,
            螺旋状vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形),two,
            thr---[ ] three, thread(线，细丝, 线索, 思路, 螺纹), threaten(恐吓, 威胁),
            threnode (哀歌), thrive(兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛), throw(扔，抛，投，摔，掷，丢), through
            (通过，穿过，透过/〔时间〕从…的开始到末了，从头到尾；〔场
            所〕到处，全面), throat (咽喉, 喉咙, 嗓音, 窄路), throne (王座, 君主), throstle (=wood
            thrush画眉鸟), thruput(吞吐量), thrust(力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳),
            thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),
            *****************************************************************
            
            u 提前练一练，看看有何难。小测试：
            1). 见字读音: 写出下列单词的音标。
               class [      ] this [    ] your [    ] you [   ] here [    ]
            Sandy [     ] Crisp [      ]
            2). 音义结合：写出下列读音所对应的汉语意义。
               [klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg]
            ___________; [kQm] ______;
            3). 听音写字：根据音标写单词。
               [klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg]
            ___________; [kQm] ______;
               [hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE]
            _______ [kQm] ____
            4). 形义结合：英汉互译（即，写出对应的英语或汉语意思）。
               her -____; thank-_______; 定冠词/ 这个或那个-______; 书-______; rubber
            -_______;
               小姐 -______; 帽子 -_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you.
            _______; Here you are.
               _________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________;
            ?字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -], 音节末尾模糊音[- l],
            [l - ] lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的, 笨拙的n.傻大个),
            black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian,
            nationality, lollipop,
            [- l ] girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell,
            level[(E)l], smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail],
            children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil,
            table [bl], impossible, label ((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title,
            middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl],
            puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),
            常见音节尾音总结：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql / El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul /
            ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul / ]
                 [-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl / -gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl / ]

                     [-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl / -gEl / -fEl / -vEl /
            -sEl / -zEl ]
            ?元音字母a e i(y) o u 的发音口诀： 元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。
            重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
            a接r /ss常发[B:/A], 还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
            重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
            u字多发 [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
            ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。
            相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。
            例词：
            a--- [/ ei / B:/ A/ C:/ C/ E/ i / ] 强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A],
            还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
            name [ei], table [ei], car [B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket
            [B:/A], as [A], ass [A], father [B:], afterward(s) [B:/E](然后, 后来),
            dollar [E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar [A/E], America [E], asleep,
            alone, afraid, banana [E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C],
            what [C], war [C:], orange [i],
            e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音) / ] 强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i ]
            e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
               he [i:], she [i:], we [i:], me [i:], evening [i:], red [e],
            pencil [e], empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket
            [i], women [i], pretty [i], the [E / i:], children [E], open [E],
            hundred [E / i:],
            / -*(词尾空音) /---- whose [z], house [s], nice [s], face [s], white
            [t], name [m], give [v], side [d], wake [k], prize [z], fine [n],
            tube [b], orange [dV], employee [i:] (职工, 雇员, 店员), apple [pl], table
            [bl], little [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [kl], eagle [gl](鹰),
            i--- [ /ai / i:/ i / E / ] 强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i] 重开音节发[i:
            /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。
               right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i],
            which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
            o--- [ /Eu/ Q/ C/ C:/u:/ u / E / wQ-] 强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]
            o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
               no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q],
            brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry
            [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who
            [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today
            [E], occasion [E](场合, 时机, 机会), aeroplane [E], // one [wQn], once
            [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],
            u--- [ /ju:/ Q / u / u: /i / ] 强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发
            [ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
               use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:],
            rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup
            [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue
            [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
            
            y--- [ /ai / j / i /] 强化音[ai]，弱化音[i]   y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
               your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why
            [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby
            [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy
            [i], body [i], slowly [i],
            ?常见元音字母组合发音口诀： 字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。
            组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。
            另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。
            a--- ay [ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday, // [i]
            Sunday, Monday, …
               ar [B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic, // [E] dollar,
            collar, grammar, particular [pE`tikju:lE],
               al [C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,
            [C:l / Al / El ]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类, 海藻), algal
            [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE] (代数学), signal
            [lsigEl](信号/发信号, 用信号通知),
               au [C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst] (八月),
            august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的, 威严的),
                   [C] because, [au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
               air [ZE] air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
               ai [ei] aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith
            (信念, 宗教信仰, 忠实,),
               aw [C:] draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
            e--- ea [i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread,
            breakfast, head, [ei] great, break, steak,
               ee [i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
               ei [ei] eight, weigh, weight, [i:] receive, ceiling, deceit
            (n.欺骗, 谎言), deceive(v. 欺骗, 谎言), receipt (收条, 收据, 收到), perceive
            (v.察觉感知, 感到), conceit (原义;自负, 幻想),
               er [E:] her, herd(兽群, 牧群/放牧), emergency (紧急情况, 紧急突发事件, 非常时刻,),
            [E] teacher, sister, brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
               ear [iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig (偷听者), [ZE] pear,
            wear, swear(宣誓, 发誓),
            [E:] early, earth, earn,
               ere [iE] here, sphere (球体), hemisphere (半球),   [ZE] there, ere
            (prep/conj. 前于...; 在...以前),
               eir [ZE] their,
               eer [iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄),
            engineer, ,
               ey [ei] they, grey, hey,
               ew [ju:] new, few, hew(砍), view(景色, 风景, 观点, 见解), ewe (母羊),
            i--- ir [E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty,
            whirl((使)旋转), stir (轰动, 激起,搅动),
               ie [i:] piece, niece(侄女, 甥女), field, thief, believe, belief,
            achieve(完成, 达到), chief(首领, 领袖, 酋长, 长官//主要的, 首要的, 首席的, 主任的),
            grief(悲痛, 伤心事, 不幸, 忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
               ire [aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝, 电线),
               igh [ai] right, light, fight, might(也许, 或许; 可能), night, knight,
            o--- or [C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more, [E:]
            work, worker, [E] actor, doctor, forget,
               oa [Eu] boat, coat, goat, goal,
               oo [u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root,
            wool, mood(心情, 情绪, 语气, 状态),
            [u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot [Q] blood, flood,
               ou [au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out,
            our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
            [Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的, 粗略的, 大致的, 粗野的), [u:] you, through,
            rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should,    [C:] cough,
               ow [au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower, [Eu] yellow, bowl,
            show, blow, snow, throw
               oy/oi [Ci] boy, toy, enjoy, employ, // noise, noisy, toilet,
            oil, boil,
               our [au] our, flour(面粉)   [C:] your, four, course,
            ore [C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
            oor [C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊, 系住),
            u--- ur [E:] turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban (城市的,
            市内的), suburb, suburbia (郊区居民),
                ure picture, future[tFE], // sure[FuE],   //pleasure,
            measure[VE],
                ua [JE] usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生,
            研究生),
                   非组合发音： graduate [`grAdjJeit] (v. (使)(大学)毕业),   [jJE]January,
                uy [ai] buy, guy,
            
            五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：
            1.         音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
            2.         音节的结构、类型：口诀：
            完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。
            开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
            开音节(词) ：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by,
            ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple,
            name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
            闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed,
            red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动),
            cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
            r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
                   例如：far(远的), arm, er (嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl,
            stir(轰动, 激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, //
            ar•ti•cle(文章), or•der (命令, 定购, 定制；次序, 顺序,秩序), ur•gent (急迫的, 紧急的),
            ur•ban (城市的, 市内的),
            成音节： 辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母) + l, m, n, (常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
                   例如：la•bel ((贴)标签), pu•pil, pen•cil [sl], ta•ble, bi•cy•cle,
            lit•tle [tl], ap•ple [pl],
                   peo•ple,
            3.         划分音节口诀：
            音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾 -l -m
            –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
            例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
            闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book
            [buk], and [And], eat [i:t],
            开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea [ti:],my [mai], tea•cher [`ti:tFE],
            rea•dy [`redi], Ju•ly [`dVu(:)lai],  
                    ru•ler [`ru:lE], her [hE:],
            成音节： ta•ble [`teibl], ap•ple [pl], bot•tle [tl], mid•dle [dl],
            bi•cy•cle [`baisikl], pen•cil [sl],
                    se•ven [`sevn], e•le•ven [i `lev(E)n],
            不发音的e 尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name
            [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）
            4.        
            单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
            重音口诀：
            为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
            一般具体做法是：① 单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
            ② 双音节词 ▲ (发长音或大口音重读, 这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE],
            `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd],
            `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn], // `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer,
            po`lice, to`day,
            ▲ (两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读; 这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich,
            `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy,
            `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter
            [ `letE],
            ▲ (带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side,
            be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
            ④ 多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
            例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality,
            `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national,
            `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy (力学疗法),
            ③ 合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream,
            `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot,
            `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
            u 小测试：给下列单词划分音节, 并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线，多音节词用竖线分割。)
            1). yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister,
            hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening,
            empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever,
            heavy, banana, 2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French,
      
            u
注意：这语音方面的技能需要在下面不断练习，我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习。一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久，会取得你满意的效果。