冠词

   冠词是最常见的一种限定词，它属于虚词，不能单独使用或充当任何句子成分，只能用在名词前面，说明所指的人或物,有：定冠词(the)和不定冠词（a,an），还有一种是零冠词（Zero Article）。

 

I.冠词的用法

（一）不定冠词的用法

不定冠词有a和an，没有特指作用，通常泛指同类事物中的某一个（位、支、块、片……）。其中，不定冠词a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前面，如 a book；an用在以元音音素开头的单词前面，如an apple 。另外，在表示一个以辅音音素开头的字母（如：b，c，d，g，j，k等）时，字母前面用a；在表示一个以元音音素开头的字母（如：a，e，l，m，n等）时，字母前面用an。用法列表如下：

用法	例句
1．表示一类人或物	A computer works more accurately than a human brain.
2．表示人的身份和物的性质	What is he? He’s an artist.
3．泛指	Give me a pen, please.
4．表示数量有一的意思	There is a beautiful garden behind the house.
5．用在习语中	have a break；take an active part in；in a hurry；go for a walk； have a good time等

 

★1 单数可数名词前要加冠词：

   e.g. A computer is a useful machine (√)

       Computer is a useful machine.(×)

       The computer is a useful machine.(√)

      Computers are useful machines.( √)

2. a university/ an uncle      a European/ an easy      an hour/ a house

填入ａ或ａｎ

1. _________ useful dictionary                                        2. ________ underground train

3. _________ Asian country                                            4. ________ unusual sound

5. _________ English book                                             6. ________ idea

7. _________ honest person                                            8. ________ old washing-machine

9.__________ ancient country                                         10. ________ uncle

 

（二）定冠词的用法

定冠词有the通常对所修饰的名词有指定作用，表示“这个、那个、这些、那些”。在辅音素前读[  ]，如，The [  ]book is mine.在元音音素前读[  ]，如，The[  ]air was full of bees.

用法	举例
1．表示某个或某些特定的人或物	The woman over there is a popular teacher in our school.
2．指说话双方都熟悉的人或物。	Open the window，please.
3．指上文提到过的人或物。	I have a car. The car is red.
4．用在世界上独一无二的事物前面（除earth外的行星不加冠词）	Which is bigger，the sun or the earth？
5．在形容词最高级前	The Nile is the longest river in the world.
6．用在由两个或两个以上普通名词构成的专有名词前。	the Great Wall，the United States, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, the People’s Republic of China
7．用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人。	the poor穷人,the blind盲人
8．用在序数词	Sunday is the first day of the week.
9．用在姓氏复数形式前，表示“全家人”或“夫妻俩”	the Greens 格林一家或格林夫妻俩
10．用在乐器名称前。	She plays the piano every day.她每天弹钢琴。
11．用在表示海洋，河流，山脉，群岛及国家等名词前。	1)the Black Sea黑海，the Yangzi River长江 2)The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.
12.用在方位前面	Pudong is in the east of Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city in East China(in表示范围）
13．用在习语中	listen to the radio；all the time；at the moment；at the same time；by the way等

 

 

 

 

 

 

（三）零冠词的用法

英语中，下列情况下通常不用冠词

用法	举例
1.学科名称前	We study maths,Chinese, English and so on.
2. 由一个专有名词和普通名词组成的专有名词	Fudan University, Yu Garden, Tian’an Men Square
3．在一部分专有名词或不可数名词，物质名词，抽象名词前	Class Two， water Snow is white / The snow on the ground is thick.
4．名词前有物主代词，指示代词，基数词不加冠词， this, those, whose, next, last, some, any, every, each等次前不加	my book(正)；my the book(误) We’re going to have a picnic this coming Saturday.
5．在季节、节日、星期、月份及三餐等名词前	on Sunday，in March，in spring，on Women’s Day, have lunch
6．表示泛指的复数名词前	My parents are both teachers.
7．文章的标题，广告中的词	China Daily 中国日报
8．在表示棋类或球类的名词前	Play basketball打篮球 play chess下象棋
9． 指职位、头衔, 称呼前，如king，captain，president，chairman 等	He is Chairman Zhang.     What can I do for you, madam?
10．在表特定的公园，街道，车站，桥，学校等抽象概念的个体名词前。	No.25 Middle School ， Century Park, People’s park
11. 在名次和带有序数词的街道名称前	On Fifth Avenue, on 23rd Street She won first place/prize in the speech contest
11．用于某些固定词组中	at home, in hospital, go to church, in trouble, after class, by train, at night

 

 

填入适当的冠词　a, an, the, /

1．There are sixty minutes in _____________ hour.

2.  This is ________ empty bottle. Could you give me ______ full one?

3．We saw _____________ elephant in the zoo. __________ elephant was from India.

4．There is __________ apple and some pears on the table.

5．My uncle isn’t __________ old man, and he likes playing _____ football.

6. 1. Winter is ________coldest season of ________ year.
7. They often play ____football before ____supper.
8. —Is it ________English jeep?
—No, it’s ________Chinese car.
9. I often get to ______ school at about 7： 30 in _____morning and I have _________lunch in _________ middle of ________day.
10. He sleeps in ________ daytime, and works at ______night.
11.__________worker and _________writer was born in this town.
12. June 1st is _________Children’s Day.
13. ________second question is __________easiest of all.
14. Beijing is ________ capital of __________ China.
15. Do you know _________ Mr. Wang?

 

三、冠词的用法拓展

（一）习惯用语中用与不用定冠词的差异

　　1．in hospital住院/in the hospital在医院里

　　2．go to sea出海/go to the sea去海边

　　3．on earth究竟/on the earth在地球上，在世上

　　4．in front of在……(外部的)前面/in the front of在……(内部的)前面

　　5．take place发生/take the place(of)代替

　　6．at table进餐/at the table在桌子旁

　　7．by sea乘船/by the sea在海边

　　8．in future从今以后，将来/in the future未来

　　9．go to school(church…)上学(做礼拜…)/go to the school(church…)到学校(教堂…)去

　　10．on horseback骑着马/on the horseback在马背上

　　11．two of us我们当中的两人/the two of us我们两人(共计两人)

　　12．out of question毫无疑问/out of the question不可能的，办不到的

13．next year明年/the next year 第二年

 

 

 

 

（二）用与不用不定冠词的差异

1.英语中的某些名词既可用作不可数名词又可用作可数名词，但含义不同，用法也不一样。例如：

glass玻璃   a glass 一个玻璃杯

Light travels faster than sound.光速比声速快。

Be quiet. Don’t let me hear a sound.请安静，不要让我听到动静。

另有一些不可数名词如果有形容词作定语，一般要用a 于前面：a heavy rain一场大雨

2．三餐的名词前，一般不用不定冠词，但如果有形容词修饰或指特定的“餐”时，庆祝活动、表示祝贺、举行宴会等可用不定冠词。例如：

I had a big breakfast this morning .早上我饱餐了一顿。

H e gave us a good dinner.他款待了我们一顿很好的晚餐。

3．当两个并列的单数名词同指一个人或物时，后一个名词前不用不定冠词；若后一个也用不定冠词，则指两个人或物。例如：

a teacher and writer一位教师兼作家(一个人)； a teacher and a writer一位教师和一位作家(两个人)。

 

（三）使用定冠词与不定冠词的差异

1．在形容词的最高级前面，一般用定冠词，表示“最”的意思。但有时却用不定冠词，表示“非常”“很”。例如：

This is the most important question of all.这是所有问题中最重要的一个。

This is a most important question .这是一个非常重要的问题。

2．在序数词前面用定冠词，表示“第几”； 但用不定冠词则表示“又”“再”。例如：

Will you be the first to read the text?你第一个读课文，好吗？

Will you have a second try ?你再试一次，好吗？

3．在有些短语中用定冠词和用不定冠词，意思截然不同。例如：

The number of …的数量； a number of一些； for a moment 一会儿； for the moment 目前/暂时

 

选择填空

1．---- Did you do well in ____________ English exam?

       ---- Yes, I got ____________“A”.

A. the; an                     B. an; the               C. a; ／                D. the; a

 

2．---- Where is Xiao Ming?

       ---- He’s having __________ rest over there.

    A. a                      B. an                 C. the                         D. ／

3．---- Where is ___________ maths teacher?

    ----- He’s talking with Sam’s father.

    A. a                   B. an                 C. the                            D. ／

4． --- What’s behind _________ door? I can’t open it.

    ---- Let me see. Oh, there’s a chair.

    A. a                      B. an                     C. the                    D. ／

5．My friend Bob likes to play ________ basketball before _______ supper.

　　A. the; the             B. ／; the              C. the; ／             D. ／; ／

6．We often have sports after class, and I like to play ________ basketball.

    A. a                      B. an                     C. the                   D. ／

7．--- Can I help you, madam?

     --- I’m looking for ________ pair of shoes for my daughter.

    A. the                B. an                  C. a                   D. some

8．--- What’s the matter with you?

    ---- I caught a bad cold and had to stay in _________ bed.

　　A. ／                B. the                   C. a                            D. the

9. Since tasting the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country   

　　A. the, the             B. ／，／               C. the, ／             D. ／，the
10. The operation is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.

    A. a, the                   B. a, /                         C. /, the                D. /，/
11. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.

    A. a, a                            B. a, the                              C. /，/            D. a, /
12. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.

    A. on the Sunday         B. on a Sunday          C. on Sunday          D. at a Sunday
13. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.

    A. the, the                       B. the, a                       C. the, /            D. a, the
14. As is known to us all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.

    A. the, a                         B. the, /                              C. a, /              D. /, the

15. He spent too much time talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.

A. the, /                   B. a, /                          C. /, /             D. the, the

 

16. As _______ unemployment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.

    A. the, /            B./，/            C. the, a             D. an, the
17. Apartments in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.

    A. one a           B. the one         C. one                D. a one
18. The education of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.

    A. /, /                      B. the, a          C. /, the                      D. the, /
19. I often have conversations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.

    A. /；the         B. /；a            C. the；/                 D. the; a
20. —John has put forward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.

    —Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.

    A. the; /          B. /; the          C. the; the              D. a; a

21. “What about ______ school?” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”

    A. a; the         B. the; a             C. a; a                            D. the; the

22. The market for ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.

    A. /, /                      B. the, /        C. the, the                     D. /, the
23. “Charley Oakley, ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”

    A. an; the          B. a; the            C. the; a                D. an; a
24. In the market, vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.

    A. the; /       B./; /       C. the; the             D./；the
25. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.

    A. the, an            B. a, /             C. the, the                  D. /, the
26. The cakes are delicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.

A. the, the             B. a, the                C. the, a                                D. a, a

27. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.www.rr365.com

A. /, /       B. The, an              C. The, /               D. /, an

 

28. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat?

    —Are they missing? I told you to take care of them.

    A. a; /                      B. the; /                C. the; the              D. a; the