【看纪录片学单词】之《中国瓷器瑰宝》_许泽传

内容简介：16-17世纪英国人对瓷器疯狂迷恋，该片介绍了中国瓷器外销的那段历史，主持人亲自来到瓷器的源头景德镇，观看工人的制作过程，并且乘船渡过鄱阳湖，坐卧铺来到赣州，感受瓷器之路，还亲自挑扁担爬上梅岭，体验当年挑夫们的艰辛，最后进入广东，回到了珠江水面。每一件从景德镇出口去欧洲的瓷器，都会循着相同的路线，这一路有无数人的血汗，这旅途本身也是使得中国瓷器如此珍贵的原因之一。

影片长度：59 分钟

词汇统计：

★ 四级词汇： 59 个

★★ 六级、考研词汇： 28 个

★★★ 雅思、托福及以上词汇： 97 个

学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六级、考研词汇，三星的为雅思、托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。【看纪录片学单词】可分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解影片内容。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，重温重点词汇和好的口语表达以及背景知识，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句。

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★★ sensation n.轰动

This little Chinese bowl once belonged to Queen Elizabeth I. It's made of a material which was unknown in Europe until the 1500s. And when that material arrived, it caused a sensation. 这个来自中国的小碗曾经属于女王伊丽莎白一世，它用欧洲人未知的材料制成，直到十六世纪初，当它传到欧洲时引起了轰动。

★★★ porcelain n.瓷器

★★★ cult a.狂热崇拜的

★★★ intelligentsia n.知识分子

★★★ aristocracy n.贵族

★ cabinet n.橱柜

★ curiosity n.珍品

★★★ bust a.破产了的

In the 16th century, porcelain became a cult item amongst the very wealthy. The intelligentsia and the aristocracy kept porcelain in their cabinets of curiosity. By the 18th century, the fever had spread to the middle classes. People are so mad for it that they're getting into debt. They're going bust, wasting their families' wealth. 在十六世纪,瓷器在上流社会中被狂热地追捧。知识分子和贵族阶层们将瓷器放在陈列室中。到了十八世纪，这种狂热蔓延到了中产阶级。人们无比疯狂,甚至为之举债，他们为之倾家荡产，耗尽家财。

★★★ shroud v.掩盖

★ in vain 徒劳

★★★ ceramic a.陶瓷的

The making of porcelain was shrouded in mystery. European potters tried in vain to copy it. Chinese porcelain's probably the most misunderstood material in ceramic history. 而如何制造瓷器,仍然是未解之谜，欧洲的制陶工匠们试图仿造但一直徒劳无功。

中国瓷器可能是陶瓷史上最让人误解的材料了。

★★★ insatiable a.无法满足的

The insatiable demand created a global trade. The blue-and-white imagery on the wares changed our idea of what was beautiful. The British dining table would never be the same again. 无止境的需求催生了全球贸易，器皿上青花的图案改变了我们的审美观，英国人餐桌上再也不会千篇一律。

★★★ aristocrat n.贵族

★ merchant n.商人

★★★ porcelain n.瓷器

★ estimate v.估计

Between the 17th and 18th centuries, the aristocrats and merchants of England became increasingly hungry for Chinese porcelain. At its height in the mid-18th century, it's estimated that over two million pieces of porcelain arrived in London, and that was at a time when the whole population of these islands was no more than around six million. 十七十八世纪时，格兰的士族和商人们对中国瓷器越来越渴求。在十八世纪的高峰时期，估计有超过两百万件瓷器被运到伦敦，而同时代这个岛国的全部人口只有不超过六百万。

★★★ translucent a.半透明的

★★★ Cathay n.中国

It wasn't just this magical white translucent material that interested them, but it was the images of a far-distant, mysterious place - Cathay, China. 让这些人大感兴趣的不光是这种有魔力的半透明材质，还有描绘远方神秘国度 —— 中国的图案。

★★★ ceramic a.陶瓷的

★★★ valuation n.估价

★ antique n.古董

★ successive a.连续的

★★★ mania n.狂热

★★ fabulous a.极好的

Over the years I've been involved with many ceramic valuations. My job's been to look at vases, plates, dishes, owned by people whose ancestors just had to have them, whether they were new at the time or had become antiques. And it's those successive waves of china-mania which have brought us these fabulous national collections that we have. 多年以来,我参加了不少陶瓷的鉴定估价，我的工作就是看着花瓶、盘子和碟子，它们的拥有者从祖辈那里继承而得，那时这些东西可能还是新的或者已经是古董了。而正是这些接二连三的瓷器热潮，给我们带来了海量的藏品。

★★★ stoneware n.石器

★ chip v.碎裂

★★ flake v.剥落

★ scratch v.划伤

★ resistant a.抵抗的

★ fade v.褪色

Porcelain was harder than our toughest stonewares. If you hit it with a spoon, it rang like a bell. But it didn't chip, flake or scratch. It was resistant to heat, and the color didn't fade. 瓷器比我们最硬的陶器还要坚，如果用汤勺敲击，会发出象敲钟一样的声音，而它不会缺口剥落或者划伤，瓷器很耐热而且不会褪色。

★★★ translucent a.半透明的

It was very hard. It was white, and when you held it up to the light, you could see it was translucent. Better still, it came from far-off China, and only the Chinese knew how to make it. 它非常坚硬，洁白无暇，当你拿着它在灯光下你会看到它是半透明的。更高端的是，它来自遥远的中国，只有中国人知道它的制作工艺。

★ in vain 徒劳

★★★ porcelain n.瓷器

★ fine a.精致的

★★★ obsessed a.着迷的

All over Europe, scientific gentlemen experimented in vain to try to work out what made porcelain so fine. Collectors were obsessed. There was a fortune to be made. 在全欧洲，人们徒劳地进行着实验，他们试图找出是什么让瓷器如此完美，收藏家着了迷，通过瓷器他们可以发大财。

★★ exotic a.外来的，有异国风情的

★★★ Portuguese n.葡萄牙人

★★★ Dutch n.荷兰人

★★★ aristocracy n.贵族

A beautiful, exotic, hard-to-get product in limited supply, the Portuguese and Dutch had been first to the source, so the British aristocracy had to beg, borrow or steal it. 一种美丽的、外来的、难以得到的产品供应量有限，葡萄牙人和荷兰人率先到达了产地，因而英国贵族们不得不通过乞求或者偷窃来得到。

★★★ jolly up 鼓舞……积极起来

★ interior a.内部的

★★★ utilitarian a.实用的

★ profound a.深远的

★★ aesthetics n.美学，审美

★★ conspicuous a.明显的

Today we tend to eat off plain white plates. But generations of British homemakers have jollied up their interiors with blue-and-white china. The idea that utilitarian objects could also be works of art was revolutionary, and would be a profound influence on our aesthetics. To many, however, this was just an opportunity for conspicuous consumption. 今天,我们倾向于使用简单的白色盘子，而世世代代的英国主妇们则一直用青花瓷器鼓舞自己，实用的物体也可以是艺术作品的想法是革命性的，并且也对我们的审美观产生了深远的影响。然而,对很多人来说，这只是炫耀性消费的机会。

★ corporation n.公司

★★★ bullion n.金银

★ spices n.香料

★ textile n.纺织品

The East India Company can be seen as the mother of the modern corporation. It existed in the import-export business, exporting bullion to Asia to bring in luxury goods, spices, textiles and tea and porcelain from China. 东印度公司可以被视作现代公司的始祖，它存在于进出口贸易中，它向亚洲出口金银，而从中国带回奢侈品、香料、纺织品、茶叶和瓷器。

★★ monopoly n.垄断

From Leadenhall Street in the City of London, the company controlled the supply and fed the demand for porcelain because they had a monopoly on all British trade with the East. 从伦敦的Leadenhall大街，东印度公司控制着这里瓷器的供应，因为他们拥有英国和远东地区的贸易的垄断权。

★★★ marauder n.抢夺者

★★ pirate n.海盗

For the china trade, these were the biggest ships. These were the 1,000, 1,200 -ton ships, both having a commercial purpose but also able to fight off marauders and pirates. 用于和中国贸易的船是最大的会有一千到一千两百吨，这些船除了要进行商业活动外还要抵抗土著和海盗们。

★★★ flotilla n.小舰队

★★★ bob v.上下浮动

★ anchor n.锚

If you'd come here in the 18th century, the scene up there in the dusk would have been one of a flotilla of European ships, all bobbing at anchor, their lights twinkling, occasional sounds of sailors singing. 如果你在十八世纪来到这个国家，在那片雾霭中停泊的可能会是来自欧洲的小船队，随着波浪上下摇晃，船上灯火闪烁，间或有水手的歌声传来。

★★★ celestial empire 天国

★★ portray v.描绘

These were the sailors who'd come halfway across the world, in their minds, the celestial empire as portrayed in blue-and-white china, a land of romance. 这些水手跨越了半个世界才来到这里，他们心目中的天国被描绘成青花瓷器的故乡，一片浪漫的土地。

★ penetrate v.穿透，渗透

★ confine v.限制

The emperor in faraway Beijing was not minded to allow traders to penetrate further than his southern doorstep. They were confined to Canton, and even then, only the port area. 在遥远北京的中国皇帝不想允许商人们穿过国家的南部门户继续深入，水手们被限制在广州，甚至是港口地区。

★ confine v.限制

The Europeans were confined to port, and their orders for tea sets and dinner services were taken up country by Chinese middle men known to Europeans as hoppos. 欧洲人被限制在港口，他们带来的茶具和餐具订单则由中国的中间人们开始执行，这些人被称作hoppos 。

★ process vt.加工，处理

What seems to have happened in the tenth century AD is that Chinese potters discovered that there was another local rock, and if they processed this in exactly the same way, they could produce a white material rather than this old grey-green stoneware. 到了十世纪时，中国的陶匠们发现了另一种当地的岩石，如果按照相同的工艺处理这种岩石，可以生产出一种白色的器皿，而不是原先那种灰绿的陶器。

★★ extract v.提取

Kaolin is simply clay. It occurs all over the world, but the variety here is particularly fine. The hard part is extracting it from the rock. 高岭土就是一种黏土，全世界都有高岭土，而这里的成份特别的好，困难的是如何把它从岩石里提炼出来。

★ ingredient n.成分

★★★ mica n.云母

★★★ flux n.助溶剂

Chinese porcelain is probably the most misunderstood material in ceramic history. The general misunderstanding is that it's a feldspathic material. But feldspar was not an ingredient in the first Chinese porcelain. Its place, really, was taken by another mineral called potash mica, and this is actually the main flux that's in this early porcelain. 中国瓷器可能是最令人误解的材质。通常的误解认为那是一种含有长石的材料，但实际上最初的中国瓷器并没有含有长石这种成份，它的位置由另外一种矿物所替代 -- 白云母。白云母事实上是，早期瓷器使用的主要助熔剂。

★★★ mica n.云母

★★★ translucency n.半透明

★★★ plasticity n.可塑性

Mica melts at high temperature and gives you translucency, but its other great advantage is that it gives you plasticity, because the crystal structure is what is known as platy, and almost all ceramics need this kind of platy mineral to produce plasticity. 它在高温下熔化生成半透明的物质，而它的另一个大的优点就是具有可塑性，因为它的板状的晶体结构而几乎所有的陶瓷都需要这种板状矿物成份才会具有可塑性。

★★★ plasticity n.可塑性

★★★ ceramic n.陶瓷

★★★ myriad a.无数的

★★★ cobalt n.钴

★★★ glaze n.釉

Plasticity meant that you could shape ceramics into a myriad of new forms, and mica provided a bright surface. The use of cobalt blue under the glaze eventually led to the recognisable Chinese blue-and-white style. 可塑性意味着你可以将陶瓷塑造成无数种新的形状，并且它还具有光亮的表面，这种富有光泽的钴蓝色最终被认为是中国式青花风格。

★★★ Portuguese n.葡萄牙人

★★★ Dutch n.荷兰人

★★★ compartmentalize v.区分

★★★ cram vt.填满

★★★ enamel vt.彩饰，涂以瓷釉

From the 16th century onwards, the Portuguese and then the Dutch demanded highly formal, compartmentalized designs crammed with Chinese scenes. From the 17th century, we begin to see enamelled wares reaching Europe. 从十六世纪开始,葡萄牙人和后来的荷兰人需要形式上高度细分而充满中国场景的设计。从十七世纪开始，我们看到上了釉的瓷器开始出现进口到欧洲。

★★ indulge v.沉溺

★★ exquisitely ad.精致地

★ delicate a.精致的

★★★ lumpen a.笨重的

Meanwhile,in Beijing, the emperors indulged their own tastes for wares so fine, so exquisitely potted, that they could make the most delicate export wares look lumpen. 于此同时,在北京，中国的帝王则根据自己的审美观追求精美的器具，以至于最精致的出口瓷器，在他们眼中也是粗劣不堪。

★★★ glaze n.釉

★ reserve v.预留

★★ imperial a.皇家的

The court had their own color palette, too. Yellow glaze was reserved for imperial eyes only. 皇庭有自己的调色板，黄色釉彩是皇家的专用颜色。

★★★ seething a.沸腾的

★★★ stinking a.发恶臭的

But all this beauty emerged from ugliness. Porcelain made Jingdezhen one of the world's first industrial cities. It also made it a seething, stinking hellhole. 但这一切美丽皆来自丑陋，瓷器使得景德镇成为世界上最早的工业城市之一，这也使得它肮脏不堪和而令人生厌。

★★ imperial a.帝国的

★★★ pry v.刺探，探查

★★ indulge v.沉溺于

★★★ espionage n.间谍活动

The town is one of many locations the imperial rulers wanted to keep from prying eyes. But a few outsiders did get in. One such was Jesuit priest Father d'Entrecolles, who came here in the 18th century to spread the Gospel and indulge in some industrial espionage. 这个镇子是帝国统治者们千方百计避免被外界窥视的众多地方之一，但是的确有一些外来者成功进入了，其中之一就是基督教教士Entrecolles神父，他在十八世纪来到这里传播上帝的福音，并且也从事一些工业间谍活动。

★ forge v.锻造

★★★ hellish a.地狱般的

★★★ inferno n.地狱，大火灾

In Europe, we knew that porcelain came from a mysterious place, but also that it was forged in a hellish inferno, the dangers of the kiln, the risks faced by the brave workers, just added to the romance and the price. 在欧洲，我们知道瓷器来自一个神秘的地方，而也是锻造于炼狱火海中危险的瓷窑，工匠们所面对的风险，也增加了瓷器的传奇色彩和价格。

★ grip v.抓紧，吸引

★★ stab n.尝试

★ depiction n.描绘

★★★ biblical a.圣经的

★★★ erotica n.色情作品

As porcelain fever gripped the West, the Chinese were shown objects and images that we liked, and they were happy to have a stab at them. Artists switched from traditional motifs to depictions of people and places they'd never seen biblical scenes, images from Old Master paintings, even erotica. 当瓷器热席卷西方时，西方人给中国人展示了他们喜欢的器物和图像，中国人很乐意进行一下尝试。艺人们也从画传统主体转为描绘他们从没见过的地方和人物，出自早期绘画作品的圣经场景，甚至情色绘画。

★ enterprise n.事业

★★ illusion n.幻觉

★★★ symbolism n.象征主义

This was real enterprise, but it wasn't without problems. Since the Middle Ages, European artists had striven to give the illusion of depth and distance in painting. In the Chinese tradition, symbolism was more important. 这是真正的事业，但也不是毫无问题自从中世纪起，欧洲艺人们已在力求在绘画中体现深度和距离感，根据中国传统，重视的是写意。

★★★ marshland n.沼泽地

★ specialized a.专业的

★ intimately ad.熟悉地

★ maximum a.最大限度的

In the dry season in winter, it dries right back to marshland. The porters, who, of course, were a specialized guild, and passed their trade down from father to son, they knew the weather intimately, so they would wait for the right weather conditions for maximum length of journey each day. 到了冬天旱季时,鄱阳湖变成一片沼泽地，背夫同时也是专门的向导，他们的职业代代相传，这些人熟知天气变化，会乘着天气条件好的时候，尽可能地赶路。

★★★ confluence n.（河流的）汇合

Lake Boyang, 30 leagues in compass, that's the size of Leicestershire, formed by the confluence of four rivers, each as large as the Loire. It is also subject to hurricanes, like the seas of China, for in less than a quarter of an hour, the wind will veer round all the points of the compass, and sometimes sink the largest of boats. 鄱阳湖,方圆三十里格(九十海里)，大致是莱斯特郡的大小，由四条河流汇入而形成，它们每条都由卢瓦尔河那么长，这里也常遭受飓风的影响，正如中国的近海一样，在不到十五分钟时间里，飓风的方向会改变三百六十度，有时会把大船刮沉。

★ masterpiece n.杰作

★★★ Celestial Empire 天国

These porcelain masterpieces were never intended to be seen, let alone touched, by anyone outside the Celestial Empire. 这些瓷器杰作从未打算会异邦人，观赏和把玩。

★★ mighty a.巨大的

★ loop v.环绕

★★★ tracker n.纤夫

★★★ hawser n.（船上的）缆索

★★ wade vt.涉水

★★★ shoal n.浅滩

★ rough a.粗野的

At this point, the mighty Gan river, rising over in the east and looping its way round, heads north, another 200 miles up to Lake Boyang. And it's against that north-going current that the boats are coming upstream, helped by tracker men carrying hawsers on their shoulders and wading through the shoals, sometimes in very, very rough water. 向东奔流的赣江在这里，突然转向往北，两百英里之后注入鄱阳湖，水流向北，而驳船则是在纤夫的肩头纤绳拖拽下，涉过浅谈逆流而上，有时水路非常非常难走。

★ split v.分裂

And here the river splits, and it's up this second river, a faster-flowing river, that the barges have to continue for another 80 kilometres, before finding yet another challenge. 赣江在此一分为二，驳船要沿着第二条河道向前航行，在迎接新的挑战之前，驳船还要再前行八十英里。

★★★ hazardous a.危险的

From here, it would have been an easier voyage downstream to Canton, if there hadn't been a mountain in the way. The boatmen of the Gan carried their loads to the town of Dayu, the place where the most hazardous stage of the journey began. 如果不是因为途中还有一座山阻住去路的话，那么从这到广州会是一段顺流而下的航行，满载的货物的驳船来到大余(江西) ，最危险的旅程由此开始。

★★★ pivotal a.关键的，中枢的

★★ junction n.汇合

★★★ backwater n.死水

★★★ sluggish a.缓慢的

★★★ quay n.码头

★ throng vt.挤满

★★★ stevedore n.装卸工人

What was once a pivotal junction is now literally a backwater. The river is sluggish, the current switched off higher upstream by dams generating electricity. Quays that once thronged with stevedores and boatmen are now a park. But even that's been abandoned by the gardeners. 这里曾经是交通枢纽,而今已经已经变成一个死水湾了，河水缓缓流动, 水是从上游发电站的水坝流下来的，曾经挤满船夫和装卸工人的码头现在已经变成一个公园，而且是废弃的公园。

★ tablet n.碑

★★ commemorate v.纪念

Here it is -- a tablet commemorating the trade. This marks the point of a really important trade route. 这是块纪念当初贸易活动的石碑，石碑上的文字记录了商路上重要的标志点。

★★★ sliver n.裂片

★★★ sprung a.装有弹簧的

★ rhythm n.节奏

★★★ jaunty a.快活的

We see men running through the streets with these, an elegant sliver of bamboo, beautifully sprung, like light steel. And if you get the rhythm right, you can walk with a jaunty step, which is what I'm going to attempt to do, over the mountain, the mountain being in that direction. 我们看到人们拿着这个在街上穿行而过，一根精致的细长条的竹杖，很有弹性，就像轻质钢材。如果掌握节奏，你会觉得相当轻松。我现在要做的是，翻过那座山，山在那个方向。

★★★ brute a.残忍的

★ endurance n.耐力

You needed brute strength and endurance. Some men were employed on a full-time basis, but many men were employed from a large labor force, and they were picked by the gang-masters to carry the porcelain up and over. 你需要超强的体力和耐力，有些挑夫是被人长时间雇佣的，而更多的是从一大群劳力中由挑夫头来挑选，把瓷器挑上山后雇佣就结束了。

★★★ carbohydrate n.碳水化合物

★ minimum a.最小的

★ protein n.蛋白质

★ peasant n.农民

They ate pretty much a very carbohydrate-rich diet, with a minimum of protein. They didn't eat a lot of sugar, so the Chinese peasant would eat a lot of things like fat, which we find very distasteful, but of course it gives you a lot of energy. 这些人吃的多是碳水化合物食物，很少蛋白质。他们也很少吃糖，因而中国的农民们会吃不少象肥肉这样令我们难以下咽的东西，当然这些东西会给你带来能量。

★★ appalling a.可怕的

★★★ trauma n.创伤

Paid by the day, most porters were carrying more than twice their own bodyweight. Years of hill-climbing with loads balanced on one shoulder led to appalling physiological trauma. 背夫们每天结算一次薪水，他们中的大多数会运送相当于自己体重两倍的瓷器。年复一年将重量集中在一个肩上爬山，导致了可怕的身体创伤。

★★★ inscription n.碑文，题词

There's the inscription of the emperor Kangxi, 17th-century inscription. And the inscription above the gateway itself, saying "the Pass of Heroes".那里有康熙皇帝的题字，题于十七世纪，矗立的石门上的碑文，写着“南粤英雄”

★★★ intervening a.发生于其间的

★ prohibit vt.禁止

This scene of industry has changed very little in the intervening centuries. It would have been familiar to traders from the Port of London, except they were prohibited from coming up-country to see it for themselves. 这个行业的面貌在过去的几个世纪里几乎没有改变。来自伦敦的商人们对此会让你熟悉，除了他们被禁止深入内地，亲自前往产地。

★ stumble v.绊倒

★ intact a.完整无缺的

Let's see whether it's still in one piece. I have to admit I did stumble on a couple of occasions on that pass. Moment of truth， Phew， Intact. Great, I'm really pleased. 让我看看它是不是还完好无缺，我必须承认，在那条山路上我绊倒过几次，真相揭晓。哈,完好无缺，太好了，我真的很高兴。

★★★ glaze n.釉

★ subtle a.微妙的

★★★ decode v.解码，解读

Beneath the glaze there were subtle messages, Chinese whispers, if only they'd known how to decode them. 釉彩的下面，包含了微妙的信息，有关于中国的蛛丝马迹，前提是他们知道如何解读这些信息。

★ depiction n.描绘

★ landscape n.风景

★★★ Taoist a.道家的

★★★ idyllic a.田园的

It was completely unfamiliar to a European purchaser. The depiction of a Chinese landscape is very common in ceramics in China, and it is really associated with a Taoist concept of life in an idyllic environment. 而那时欧洲的买家完全是外行，风景画在中国瓷器作品中是广泛采用的题材，这其实代表着道家的生活观中的田园环境。

★★★ longevity n.长寿

★★★ immortality n.不朽

★★★ motif n.图形，意念

★★ rooster n.公鸡

★★★ peony n.牡丹

★★ exotic a.外来的，异国情调的

Deer with pine trees is associated in China with longevity, immortality and old age. Another very popular motif, the rooster amongst peonies, is associated with success in scholarly achievements. It was very much an exotic idea that was informing the knowledge of the East at the time. 鹿和松树代表长寿和永生，另一种流行的题材是牡丹花丛中的公鸡，这寓意着学有所成，这完全是一种外来的观念，告诉你关于那时东方世界的知识。

★ humble a.卑微的

★★★ petitioner n.请愿者

They didn't see Europeans in any way as equal trading partners, and really Europeans, and in particular the English, never understood that. But the Chinese just saw them as humble petitioners to the empire. 中国人从来没有把欧洲人视作平等的贸易伙伴，而欧洲人,尤其是英国人，从没真正理解当中的原因，中国人只是把他们视作来到天朝卑微的请求者。

★ collision n.碰撞

A love affair it certainly was, but with time it would become even more than that, because this was the beginning of two great empires coming together, the collision of world powers, over the chink of china. 就像是一场恋爱一样，随着时间的推移，其意义还不止于此。当中国对世界打开一条缝隙，这是两个伟大的帝国交会的开始，也是两大世界强权冲突的开始。

★★★ refinement n.精致，文雅

★★★ discernment n.洞察力

But they do something else as well. They show refinement and discernment, because to appreciate something like this, you've got to understand this. It comes from a different world, outside western Europe. 并且它还有其他的含义，它们显示了高雅和鉴赏力，因为要去欣赏这样的瓷器，你必须能够读懂它，瓷器来自一个欧洲之外的完全不同的世界。

★★★ emergence n.出现

★★★ bespoke a.定制的

★★★ bear vt.带有 (标记或特征)

★★★ coat of arms (象征家族或组织等的)盾徽

★ rage n.流行，风行

★★★ exclusivity n.专属性

The 18th century saw the emergence of a merchant class, new money wanting old-money luxuries. But there was a problem. By 1720, Chinese porcelain had become widely available. Bespoke porcelain dinner services bearing the family coat of arms became all the rage, so the new luxury became exclusivity. 十八世纪出现了新兴的商人阶级，新的暴发户们缺少世家拥有的奢侈品。但有一个问题，到了一七二〇年，中国瓷器在欧洲已经到处可见，印有家族标志的定制餐具变得风靡一时，这种新的奢侈品具有专属性。

★★★ armorial a.家徽的

★★★ one-upmanship 胜人一筹

★ trumpet vt.吹嘘

★★★ lineage n.血统

★★★ infuriate vt.激怒

★ rival n.对手

★ evaporate vi.蒸发，消失

★ antique n.古董

★★ artifact n.手工制品

Dragged from the earth, born in fire, and carried across the waters of the deep, armorial porcelain ended up as an instrument of one-upmanship, trumpeting your lineage and infuriating rivals. The greed and ambition have evaporated, but the porcelain remains unchanged by the passing of the years. On one hand it's now just antique china - on the other, a unique historical artifact. Porcelain makes time travel possible. 从土中挖出，在火中诞生，在水中被运输。有家族纹章的瓷器终被视为高人一等的器皿，可以宣扬家族血统，激怒对手。野心和贪婪已随岁月流逝，只有这些瓷器永久流传。一方面，这只是件古董瓷器，另一方面，这是独一无二的具有历史意义的宝物，瓷器使时空旅行成为可能。

★ authentic a.真实的

★★★ provenance n.出处，起源

When somebody tells you that this belonged to Queen Elizabeth I, and maybe to Sir Francis Drake before then, I guarantee that you see this piece differently. Its value changes in your mind, because somebody has given you a story, an authentic story, with provenance. 当有人告诉你，这个碗曾经属于女王伊丽莎白一世，再之前可能是弗朗西斯德雷克，我肯定你会对它另眼相看，在你的眼中它的价值大为不同了，因为别人给你讲述了一个故事，一个有出处的真实故事。

★★ inflation n.波动

★★ lure n.魅力

★ eternal a.永恒的

★★★ virulent a.致命的，剧毒的

★★ auction n.拍卖

Prices may have changed in line with inflation, but the lure of porcelain is eternal. The fever is as virulent as it ever was. The Bainbridge vase is the most expensive Chinese artwork ever to come to auction - for the moment, at least. 价格可能会随着通胀有所波动，但是瓷器的吸引力是永恒不变的，对瓷器的狂热还是和以前一样，这个班布里奇花瓶是迄今被拍卖的价格最高的中国艺术品，至少目前还是。

附：许泽传老师【看纪录片学单词】系列作品集

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