加载中…【看纪录片学单词】之《植物王国.02.植物的秘密》
(2014-05-05 17:22:12)
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【看纪录片学单词】之《植物王国.02.植物的秘密》
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影片看点：该片带你探索奇妙的植物世界，从最奇怪的到最美丽的，通过最新3D摄影技术，揭示出植物不为人知的隐秘世界。你会看到肉食植物不可思议的捕猎方式，鲜花与昆虫的交流方式。你会发现害虫与益虫的生存方式，真菌与植物的共生关系，本片的拍摄地点是壮丽的英国皇家植物园--邱园，拍摄时间长达一年，你能欣赏到它的四季美景。
影片长度：52 分钟
词汇统计：
★ 四级词汇：115 个
★★ 六级、考研词汇：38 个
★★★ 雅思、托福及以上词汇：116 个
学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六、考研词汇，三星的为雅思、托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。【看纪录片学单词】可分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解影片内容。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，重温重点词汇和好的口语表达以及背景知识，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句（可以打印出来，或者存手机）。
在线观看： http://www.iqiyi.com/w_19rrllznt9.html
下载地址： http://yunpan.cn/cwqa4ASF7vbAW
★ fascinating
★★ bizarre
I'm exploring the fascinating world of plants, from the most bizarre to the most beautiful. 我在探索奇妙的植物世界，从最奇怪的到最美丽的。
★ dynamic
★ dimension
★ interact
★★ scent
We can change time to the step of a dynamic world of constant motion. We can change dimension to watch them interacting with insects. We can analyze how they communicate with color, with scent, even heat. 我们改变时间的节奏，步入它们永不停歇的动态世界，我们改变观看的尺度，了解它们与昆虫之间的互动。我们能分析它们的交流方式或用颜色，或用气味，甚至是热量。
★★★ fungi
★ essential
And we can discover how fungi are not the enemies of plants, but their essential partners. 我们会发现真菌并非植物之敌，反而是它们的重要盟友。
★ spectacular
★★★ pavilion
And we can watch all these dramas unfolding in just one unique place, outside in the gardens and inside of these spectacular pavilions of glass -- the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew. 这精彩的一幕幕都在一处独特的地点上演，在外面的花园里，也在这些壮丽的玻璃穹顶之内，这就是英国皇家植物园邱园。
★ passive
★ inactive
Plants may seem passive and inactive, but, in fact, they move. These are among the most mysterious -- sundews. 植物看来被动而且不活跃，其实它们也活动。这是其中很神秘的一种，茅膏菜。
★★★ glistening
★★★ tentacle
The leaves, like those of other plants, use sunlight to help them grow. But their glistening tentacles get food in another way. They are traps. 它的叶子和别的植物一样，要靠阳光来生长。不过它们晶莹的腺毛用另一种方式获得食物，它们是陷阱。
★★★ tentacle
★★★ glistening
★★★ nectar
★ glue
Each tentacle is tipped with a glistening droplet. It may look like nectar and, indeed, many insects seem especially attracted to it. But it's not. It's a glue. 每条腺毛末端都有晶莹的液滴，这看起来像是蜜，确实有很多昆虫对此趋之若鹜。但是这不是蜜，这是胶。
★★★ clog
★★★ flank
It not only holds the insect fast, but clogs up the tiny holes on its flanks so that it can't breathe. 这胶不仅能将昆虫粘牢，而且会堵住它身侧的小孔，导致其无法呼吸，
★★ prey
★★★ lethal
★ embrace
★★★ liquefy
★ victim
★ internal
★ absorb
★★ nutrient
Finally, the sundew begins to fold its whole leave around its prey. There will be no escape from this lethal embrace. Now, the plant liquefies its victim's internal organs while it's still alive and absorbs the nutrients through its leaves. 最后茅膏菜开始把整个叶子都裹向猎物。这次致命的拥抱猎物根本无法摆脱。在猎物还活着时，它就开始将其内脏液化，并且通过叶子吸收养分。
★★★ carnivorous
Other carnivorous plants don't require special photography to show how fast they can be. Darwin described this plant as one of the most wonderful in the world. 还有一些食肉植物的动作之迅速，不需要特技摄影也能看到。达尔文把这种植物描述成世界上最奇妙的一种。
★★★ bait
★★★ nectar
★ upright
★★★ bristle
★★ trigger
It catches insects with booby traps. At the top, the leaves are baited with a sweet nectar. But lower down, there are a few upright bristles -- triggers. 它有诱捕昆虫的陷阱，在叶子上部有甜甜的蜜露当做诱饵，不过往下去，有几跟直立的刚毛，就是机关。
★ crawl
★ sip
★★★ nectar
★★★ bristle
Many things might accidentally touch one of them, so a single touch has no effect. But a fly crawling around on the leaves sipping their nectar is likely to touch more than one of the bristles. And if it touches two within 20 seconds, that's different. 很多东西能够意外地接触到它们，所以触碰一下没有效果，不过爬来爬去舔食蜜露的苍蝇，很可能会碰到不止一根刚毛。要是二十秒内碰到两根，结果就大不一样了。
★★ trigger
★ release
★★★ rudimentary
★ impulse
★ victim
★ desperate
It's thought that the trigger hairs work by releasing a rudimentary electric impulse. The victim's desperate attempts to find a way out simply trigger more hairs and encourage the trap to close even more tightly. 人们认为它的触发机制是释放一种原始的电脉冲。猎物会拼命挣扎逃生，这只会触碰刚毛更多次，使得诱捕器越关越紧。
★★★ hydrochloric
acid
★ digest
The plant begins to release juices rich in hydrochloric acid. It will take ten days to completely digest its meal. 这时它开始分泌富含盐酸的消化液，完全消化完这顿美餐需要十天。
★★★ wriggler
★ mosquito
★★★ larva
These tiny wrigglers are mosquito larvae and they are among its prey. 这些小东西是蚊子幼虫孑孓，也是狸藻的猎物。
★★★ bladder
★ partial
★ vacuum
The bladders that give the plant its name are not floats. They, too, are traps. Each bladder contains a partial vacuum and has a one-way entrance. 植物的名字得自这些小囊，这些可不是浮子，它们也是陷阱。每个小囊里面都有部分真空结构，还有一个单向膜瓣。
★★ feeble
★★ liability
It's winter in Kew. It's so cold and the sun's rays are so feeble that plant can't grow. And leaves in winter can be a liability. 这是邱园的冬天，天气寒冷、阳光微弱，植物无法生长，叶子在冬天可能会是累赘。
★★★ canopy
★★★ uproot
★★★ gale
★★★ flimsy
★★★ oak
★★★ beech
★ frost
★ naked
★ inactive
A fully-canopied tree can be uprooted by the winter gales. And in any case, the flimsy leaves of oaks and beeches will be destroyed by the frosts. So many such trees stand naked and inactive throughout the winter. 树木的树冠茂密可能会导致被冬季大风连根拔起。无论如何，橡树和山毛榉的薄叶在严霜之下也会荡然无存。所以很多树木都是光秃秃的，整个冬季都不活跃。
★ sensitive
★ molecule
★★ trigger
★★★ germination
★★★ flowering
★ critical
★ bloom
★ frost
★★ swamp
★ rival
Light and heat sensitive molecules inside plant cells are the triggers of germination and flowering. Timing is critical. Bloom too early and frost can kill a plant. Too late and they can be swamped by the growth of its rivals. 植物细胞里对光和热敏感的分子触发了发芽和开花。时机至关重要，花开得太早，可能会被严霜冻死，太晚又可能被竞争者淹没。
★★★ pollinator
Their flowers last just long enough to attract pollinators and then they will fall. 它们的花朵只开放到授粉者到来，然后就会落下。
★ annual
★ swiftly
But in some parts of the world, spring and summer may last only a few weeks. And the plants that live there have to complete their annual activities very swiftly. 不过在有些地方，春季和夏季可能仅仅几周时间。这里生活的植物必须极迅速地完成它们的年度活动。
★★★ replicate
★★★ alpine
★★★ labyrinth
★ concrete
★ passage
★★ vent
This house has been built to replicate alpine conditions and it does it with this strange shape. Deep below ground, there is a labyrinth of concrete passages where the air is very cold. And as the temperature up here warms, so that cold air is drawn up through vents and flows over the plants on ground level. 这个温室是为了复制高山条件而建，而这要靠它奇特的形状。在地下深处，有迷宫般的水泥通道，那里的空气非常寒冷。当这里的气温变暖时，冷空气就会从通风口被吸上来，在地表漫过这里的植物。
★ fascination
Mountain plants, it's true, are nearly all tiny, but they have the beauty and fascination of jewels. 高山植物几乎全都非常小，不过它们却跟珠宝一样美丽迷人。
★★ spectrum
★★★ wavelength
★ violet
★★ ultraviolet
★ sensitivity
Nobody can be exactly sure how insects view the world, but it's certainly rather different from the way we do. We can see a part of the spectrum from red, which is a long wavelength light, through orange, yellow and green and blue to violet, which is short wavelength light. But insects can see even shorter wavelength still. They can see ultraviolet. And we can use special cameras to reveal just what information that sensitivity to ultraviolet light reveals. 没人能确知昆虫眼中的世界，不过肯定和我们看到的很不一样。我们能看到的光谱从红色开始，那是长波长光。然后是橙色、黄色到绿色、蓝色和紫色，紫色是短波长光。不过昆虫甚至能看到更短波长的光，它们能看到紫外线。我们用特殊摄像机，来揭示这种对紫外线的感知能带来什么样的信息。
★ uniformly
★★★ pedal
★★ ultraviolet
★★★ pollen
This flower, to our eyes, it seems to have uniformly plain pedals. But the insect looking at it in ultraviolet, each pedal has a white tip, so there is a circle of white drawing attention to the bull's eye, which is there for the insect can find pollen. 这朵花在我们眼中好像是单色的花瓣。不过要是昆虫用紫外线观察，每个花瓣的顶端都是白色，所以就是一圈白色，中心部分就如同靶子一样，昆虫在这里正好能找到花粉。
★ random
★★★ nectar
And this is the common fox glove with, to our eyes, nothing more than a few random markings on its throat. But to an insect, there are more. These white lines probably act as landing lights which guide it to the nectar. 这是普通的毛地黄，在我们看来，除了喉部的几个斑点之外没有什么。不过昆虫可不这么看，这些白线可能像是着陆灯，引导昆虫来到蜜腺。
★ glow
★★★ nectar
★★★ pollen
Most important structures are often the most vivid colored. The nectaries glow brightly, as does the pollen. 最重要的结构往往色彩最生动，蜜腺发出耀眼的光，花粉也一样。
★ bloom
★ dusk
★★★ fluorescent
★★★ pollen
★★★ moth
The four-o'clock flower blooms at dusk and has fluorescent pollen that attracts night flying moths. 紫茉莉傍晚开放，花粉放着荧光，吸引晚间的飞蛾。
★ solely
★★★ pollinator
★★★ swirl
★★★ vortex
★★ perfume
★★★ nostril
★ detect
Plant don't rely solely on color to attract their insect pollinators. They also produce smells. In fact, as I stand here, I'm surrounded by a swirling vortex of perfumes of many kinds. Unhappily, the human nostrils can only detect about five percent of them. Insects do very much better. 植物并不仅靠颜色来吸引昆虫授粉者，它们也释放气味。其实我站在这里，各种香气形成的涡流正将我团团围住。不幸的是，人类的鼻子只能闻出其中的百分之五，昆虫们就高明多了。
★★★ microscopic
★★★ droplet
★★★ volatile
★ suspend
★★★ antenna
★ sensitive
★ detect
★ concentration
★ as a
consequence
We can imagine microscopic droplets of these volatile oils suspended in the air. Many insects have antennae that are extraordinary sensitive to them. Some can detect concentration of just a few parts per billion. As a consequence, insects can smell a flower from as much as a mile away. 可以想象这些极微小的挥发性油滴，悬浮在空气之中。很多昆虫的触角，对它们异乎寻常地敏感，有些种类能探测到的浓度，低达十亿分之几。正因如此，昆虫能在一公里半外就闻到花香。
★★ buzz
★ deceive
★★★ tuning
fork
Each one will only open for a few hours and in that time, it has to be visited by a particular kind of bee, the buzzes with a particular musical note. Of course, there aren't bees like that flying around here in London. We have ways of deceiving Gustavia with a tuning fork. All we have to do now is to wait for the flowers to open. 每一朵只开放几个小时，在这段时间内，必须有一种特别的蜜蜂前来造访，这种蜜蜂的嗡嗡声有特定音调。当然在伦敦这里可没有这些蜜蜂飞来飞去。我们可以用音叉来欺骗半果树，我们现在要做的就是等待这些花朵的开放。
★★★ tuning
fork
★★★ resonate
★★★ stamen
★ vibrate
★ release
★★★ pollen
A tuning fork that resonates at exactly the pitch of Gustavia's bee will cause the stamens to vibrate. The motion releases the pollen that would otherwise remain locked fast in the flower. 音叉的振动频率和半果树蜜蜂的完全一样，这能导致雄蕊的振动。这样就释放出花粉，否则的话会牢牢锁在花朵里面。
★ exclusive
★ access
★ nutritious
★★★ courier
★★★ pollen
The bee gains because it has exclusive access to a nutritious food source and therefore favors it. And the plant has a courier who is almost certain to deliver the pollen to the right address. 蜜蜂有收获，这是营养食品的独家使用权，所以它们乐此不疲。植物也有了信使，几乎能确保花粉能送到正确目的地。
★ highlight
★★★ pollen grain
★ naked eye
★ electron microscope
We've highlighted Gustavia's pollen cloud because the grains are so fine, they are impossible to see with the naked eye. But there is a way to examine even the tiniest pollen grain with an electron microscope. 我们加强了半果树花粉雾的效果，否则它们的颗粒过小，用肉眼根本没法观察到。不过再小的花粉用电子显微镜也能观察得到。
★ artificial
★★★ pollen grain
★★★ minute
★★ magnify
The colors are artificial, but these pollen grains are minute. This is cedar pollen magnified 7,000 times. 这些颜色是人工添加的，不过花粉粒非常精致。这是雪松花粉被放大了七千倍。
★ bundle
★★★ fertilize
Each grain contains a tiny bundle of the particular DNA that will fertilize the flower produced by another individual of the same species. 每粒花粉都装着一小束特定的DNA, 这能使产生于另外一株同种植物的花朵受精。
★★★ pollen grain
★★★ sperm
★ illustration
★★★ ovary
A pollen grain, when it arrives on such a flower, doesn't swim like the sperm of an animal. Instead, as the illustration shows, it produces a tube which grows down into the ovary at the very center of the flower. 当一粒花粉到达这样的花上时并不像像动物的精子那样游泳，而是像这样，产生个管子，一直长到花朵正中心的子房。
★ minimum
★★ overlap
★ ensure
★ ray
★ harness
★★★ chlorophyll
Each plant arranges its leaves, so there is the minimum of overlap between them. They grow to fill all the available space ensuring that every ray of light is harnessed by the green chlorophyll inside them. 每种植物叶子的生长都有安排，这样它们间的重叠才能达到最小，它们占据所有能用的空间，确保每一束阳光都被叶内的叶绿素所利用。
★★★ shoot
★ acre
The amount they produce of leaves and shoots is extraordinary. In just one acre, it can weigh four tons. 它们发出的叶和芽数量惊人，仅一亩多的地面就有将近一吨。
★ abundance
★★★ foliate
★★ habitat
★★★ herbivore
★★ predator
During the long warm days of summer, leaves of all shapes and sizes grow in great abundance. And it's not just plants that depend on them. The rich foliates provide hidden habitats for whole communities of tiny insect herbivores and their predators. 在夏季漫长温暖的白天，形状颜色各异的叶子大量生长，不仅植物靠它们生长。茂密的叶子为各种微小的植食昆虫及其掠食者们提供了隐蔽的栖息地。
★★ stab
★★★ vein
★ stem
★★ extract
★★★ sap
★★★ squirt
Blackflies get what they need by stabbing their needle-like mouth parts into the veins of leaves and stems and extracting the sap. They don't even need to suck. The pressure inside the plant is enough to squirt the sap into their stomachs. 黑蚜虫把针状口器插进叶脉或是茎脉里，这样就能喝到所需的植物汁液。它们都不用吸吮，植物内部的压力就能够将汁液直接喷到它们的胃里。
★★★ waxy
★★ predator
★★★ unmolested
Mealybugs are also sap drinkers. They produce a waxy powder from their skin, which most predators dislike, so that they are able to drink unmolested out in the open. 粉蚧也喝植物汁液，它们在皮肤上产生一种蜡质，多数掠食者并不喜欢。所以它们不用隐蔽，大方地饮用。
★ rip
★★ vegetation
★★★ rasp
★★★ file-like
Snail rip through the vegetation rasping off mouthfuls with a long file-like tongue. 蜗牛在植物上劫掠，用锉刀般的长舌一路吃过。
★ flourish
So insects and other small creatures, some helpful, some harmful, flourish through the summer. 昆虫和其它的小生物，有些有益、有些有害，整个夏季都很兴旺。
★ reproduce
★★★ staggering
This is the time when most of them reproduce. And they do so with staggering speed. 它们大多在这段时间繁殖，而且它们的繁殖速度惊人。
★★★ aphid
★ clone
★★ hatch
★★★ unfertilized
★ pregnant
★★★ infest
Female aphids mate and lay eggs like other insects, but they also produce clones, babies that hatch from unfertilized eggs. And the clones themselves, even before they leave the female's body, are already pregnant with other clones. Such telescope generations enable aphids to infest a whole plant in a matter of hours. 雌性蚜虫和别的昆虫一样交配产卵，不过它们也能孤雌繁殖，后代是从没有受精的卵孵化出来的。这些后代本身在离开母体之前，就已经怀着下一代了。这种繁殖策略让蚜虫在短短几小时内能侵占整株植物。
★ assembly
★ unnoticed
★★ malicious
★★★ ladybird
★★★ larva
But aphids are themselves food for others and assemblies like these don't go unnoticed by other insects. Among the most malicious, are the many kinds of ladybird and their larvae. 不过蚜虫本身就是其它动物的食物，而像这样大量聚集的话，别的昆虫肯定会发现。它们中最凶残的就是各种瓢虫，和它们的幼虫。
★★★ larva
★ acute
★ sensitive
★★★ pheromone
★★★ aphid
★★ prey
★★★ impale
★★★ unquenchable
★ appetite
This larva of a lacewing is totally blind, but it doesn't need to see. It has an acute sense of smell and is especially sensitive to the pheromones produced by aphids. It attacks its prey by impaling them on a large hook in its mouth and then sucking them dry. And it has an unquenchable appetite. It could eat up to 600 aphids before it's adult. 这种草蜻蛉幼虫几乎完全是瞎子，不过它用不着视力，它有灵敏的嗅觉，对蚜虫产生的信息素特别敏感。它用嘴里的大钩子勾住刺穿它的猎物，然后将其吸干。它们的胃口也大得出奇，它长到成虫前能吃掉六百只蚜虫。
★ oddly
★ digest
Oddly enough, Roridula can't digest insect bodies. Instead, it gets help from one particular kind of insect called capsid bug, which lives nowhere else but on Roridula. 奇怪的是，捕虫树并不消化昆虫身体，其实它有个帮手，是一种叫做盲蝽的昆虫，它只在捕虫树上生活。
★★★ dropping
Then it produces droppings which fall to the ground and those can feed Roricula. 之后它排出的粪便落下来，这些才是捕虫树的食物。
★★ predator
★★★ cockroach
So something has to be done to keep pests in check. One way is to introduce predators -- Asian water dragons. They exist on a diet of mealworms and cockroaches. 所以要控制害虫就得有所行动，一种办法是引入掠食者 --- 亚洲水龙。它们的食物主要是粉虫，还有蟑螂。
★ subtle
★★★ wasp
★★★ aphid
★★★ pupae
★ inject
★★ hatch
★★★ husk
★ victim
★★★ mummy
There are also more subtle ways of controlling pests that visitors seldom notice. These cards have been coated with microscopic eggs of a wasp. When they hatch, the young wasps go off and search for their favorite prey -- aphids. This one has discovered aphid pupae. It selects its target and injects it with an egg of its own. When the larva hatches within its host, it will eat it alive, just as others have done before it. These are the dried out husks of victims -- aphid mummies. 这里还有控制害虫更微妙的办法，游客们很少注意得到。这张卡片上面满是非常微小的卵，是寄生蜂。孵化后，小蜂离开去寻找最喜欢的猎物 --- 蚜虫。这只发现了蚜虫蛹，它选好目标，在里面产下自己的卵，它的幼虫在寄主体内孵化，会把寄主活生生吃掉，这是它们祖祖辈辈传下的本事。这是猎物留下的干壳，蚜虫木乃伊。
★★★ fungi
★★★ photosynthesize
★★★ chlorophyll
★ skeleton
Fungi can't photosynthesize because, unlike plants, they have no chlorophyll. In fact, they are more closely related to animals and are made of chitin, the material insects use for their skeletons. 真菌不能进行光合作用，因为它们跟植物不同，没有叶绿素。其实它们跟动物的关系更近，由几丁质构成，这也是昆虫外骨骼的构成材料。
★★★ fungi
★★★ spore
★★ tangle
★ extend
These are the fruiting bodies of a fungus. Their function is to produce dust-like spores which are then blown away through the woodland to grow elsewhere. But these are only a tiny part of the fungus. Most of the body of the fungus is beneath the ground, a tangle of tiny treads which extend for hundreds of yards, through the forest. 这些是一种真菌的子实体，它们的功能是产生尘状孢子，会随风飘过林地，在别处生长。不过这些只是该真菌很小的一部分，菌体的大部分都在地下，细细的菌丝纵横交错，蔓延穿过森林，可达数百米。
★ specimen
The length of these threads is almost unbelievable. One specimen in America was found to extend across nearly four square miles. That's an area 16 times bigger than Kew Gardens itself. 这些菌丝的长度几乎难以置信，美国的一个样本，蔓延达到大约十平方公里，相当于整个邱园面积的十六倍之多。
★★★ fungi
★ tissue
★ organism
Most fungi make a living by feeding on the dead tissues of other organisms, both plant and animal. 多数真菌以其它生物死去的组织为食，包括植物和动物。
★ release
★★ nutrient
★ essential
In doing this, they release the nutrients to the soil that plants need to fuel their new growth in the spring. So fungi are essential links in the cycle of life. 正因如此，它们将养分释放回土壤，这就是植物在来春重新生长的原料。所以真菌对于生命的循环，是不可或缺的。
★ establish
But some fungi establish their partnership with plants while the plants are still alive. 不过有些真菌在植物还活着时就跟它们成了合作伙伴。
★★★ oak
★★★ germinate
★★★ fungi
★★ friction
★★ extract
★ nitrogen
★★★ symbiotic
relationship
This is the Lucombe Oak. It germinated from an acorn in the year 1762 and is one of the oldest plants in Kew. Its roots are covered with a fungus. But that's not a friction. That's the reason why this tree was able to live for so long because the fungus can do something that the oak tree can't. It can extract nitrogen directly from the soil and then the oak tree collects it from the fungus. And in return, the fungus takes sugars from the sap in the roots of the oak tree. So it's a mutually convenient arrangement, a symbiotic relationship. 这是卢孔布栎，于1762年从一枚栎果中发芽长成的，是邱园最古老的树木之一。它的树根覆盖着一种真菌，但这却并非障碍，而是这棵树能够如此长寿的原因。这种真菌有这棵栎树力所不及的一些本领，它能直接从土壤中吸取氮元素，而栎树就得到现成实惠。栎树也投桃报李，它根部树液里的糖分正是真菌所需。它们之间互利互惠，是一种共生关系。
★ preserve
★ specimen
Here, thousands of different species are preserved in boxes. This is the fungarium. There are more specimens of fungi here than anywhere else in the world, one and a quarter million of them. 这里的盒子里保存着成千上万种真菌，这是真菌标本馆。这里的真菌标本数量为世界之最，共一百二十五万之多。
★★★ penicillin
★★★ mold
★ digest
★ spill
Perhaps the most famous is this one. This is penicillin, a mold from which we get penicillin. Here's another which is able to digest oil. And scientists are working to see whether it could be used for in cleaning up oil spills. 最有名的可能就是这件，青霉菌。我们从中提取青霉素。这是另一种能消化石油的真菌，科学家们正在研究，看它是否能被用来清理溢油。
★★★ fungi
★★★ sinister
★★★ caterpillar
★ tropical
★★★ gruesome
But fungi can also be very sinister. This caterpillar has a fungus growing from its head. It's a species of Cordyceps, a tropical fungus that has developed a gruesome power. 不过真菌也会用阴险伎俩。这只毛虫头上长出了一株真菌，这是一种虫草菌，这种热带真菌演化出了一种可怕能力。
★ infect
★ stem
★★★ tamp
★ jaw
They can infect the brain of an animal. One infects ants and causes ants to climb up a grass stem, tamp its jaws on the top, and there, high up on the plant, the fungus kills it. A long fruiting body then bursts out of the ant's brain. 它们能够感染动物的大脑。有一种能感染蚂蚁，并且导致蚂蚁爬上草干，把下颚咬在顶上，之后在植物的高处，该真菌杀死蚂蚁，从蚂蚁的脑部长出长长的子实体。
★
★★★ spore
★ victim
This elaborate behavior enables the fungus to rise high above the ground and shower its spores over great distances and so reach new victims. 这种复杂的行为能让真菌高高的位于地上，将其孢子播撒得更远，感染更多受害者。
★ stem
★★ leaflet
★★ rot
★★ gigantic
★★★ tuber
★ emerge
In a week or so, that green stem and the leaflets that go on top will die, and rot, and disappear. But beneath the surface of the soil, there is a gigantic tuber, and it's from that that the record breaker will emerge. 过一周左右，这绿色的茎秆和上面叶形物就会死去腐烂，最后消失。但是在土壤底下，有巨大的块茎，而打破记录的部分，就将从那里出现。
★ bud
But this new growth is neither a trunk, nor a leaf. It's the bud of the biggest flower in the world. 不过新长出来的不是树干，也不是叶子，这是世界上最大花朵的花蕾。
★★★ pollinator
★ give off
★★ rot
★ flesh
Well, the function of the flower, like all flowers, is to attract pollinator. And this plant gives off the smell of rotting flesh. 这朵花的功能和其它花朵一样，是要吸引授粉者，这种植物发出腐肉的味道。
★★★ carrion
★★★ mimic
Other flowers that smell of carrion also produce heat. So it seems that what is happening is that they are mimicking the warmth of the body of recently dead animal. 其它有腐肉味道的花朵也会发热，所以这就好像是在模仿刚刚死去动物尸体的温度。
★ spectacle
★ chimney
★ discharge
★ bloom
If we could imagine such a spectacle, it would look something like smoke from a chimney discharging heat into the night sky. It remains in bloom for just two days. And then, it closes. 要是我们想象一下这一奇观，这看来就像从烟囱排出的烟，将热量传向夜空。它的开放只能保持两天，之后就会闭合。
★ glimpse
★★ hitherto
Science has given us a glimpse into a hitherto unseen world. However, our journey of discovery has only just started. As technology advances, so will our understanding of the hidden world of plants. 科学能让我们一瞥此前不得而见的世界，但是我们的发现之旅才刚刚开始。随着科技的进步，对于植物的隐秘世界，我们会有更多了解。
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