加载中…【看纪录片学单词】之《透视美国.03.美国电力》
(2014-03-12 00:24:28)
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【看纪录片学单词】之《透视美国.03.美国电力》
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作品简介：美国是人均能源消费最高的国家，使美国运转是项大工程。该片讲述美国火力发电、核电站、天然气、风能和太阳能发电的运行情况，带你了解美国电力的来源、运输和浪费。主持人来到纽约电网控制中心，回顾了03年的一次重大停电事件；并坐直升机靠近高压线，体验了线路维修人员工作的危险；还爬上了风力涡轮机，和技术人员一起检查叶片的磨损；最后去到了用沼气发电的养牛场，见到了最为创新的发电方法。了解电力，透视美国，从这里开始吧！
影片长度：52 分钟
词汇统计：
★ 四级词汇： 83 个
★★ 六级词汇： 39
★★★ 雅思、托福及以上词汇： 52 个
学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六级词汇，三星的为雅思、托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。【看纪录片学单词】可分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解影片内容。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，重温重点词汇和好的口语表达以及背景知识，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句（可以打印出来，或者存手机）。
在线观看：http://v.pps.tv/play_38XFC9.html
下载地址：http://www.dy2018.com/html/gndy/jddy/20130919/91849.html
★★★ grind to a
halt
★ critical
the hidden worlds that keep us on the move, our shelves stocked, and our factories running. all that you see here would grind to a halt -- even disappear -- without the one critical network that makes our modern lives possible. 那个我们奔波其间的世界有满是商品的货架和不断生产的工厂，但如果缺少一样东西这些都将停止甚至消失 ，它使现在的生活成为可能。
★ massive
★ undertaking
energy -- it's what keeps our lights on and our homes heated. Americans on average are the biggest consumers of energy on the planet, and keeping it flowing is a massive undertaking. 它就是能源，有它才能发电和取暖。美国是人均能源消费最高的国家，使美国运转是项大工程。
★ loop
★ harness
i'll make a great loop around the country, discovering where our energy comes from, how we harness it, how we waste it, and how we get it to every home and workplace in the nation. 我会走遍美国，看看能源从哪而来，怎么使用它,有没有浪费，怎么将它输送至每个家庭和工厂。
★ descend
There's nothing else like it in America. 200,000 fans have descended on central Florida for the great American race. 这样的景象在美国才能看到，20万人聚集在佛罗里达中部，只为观看赛车比赛。
★★ spectacle
★★★ insatiable
So for me, today isn't just another day at the races. it's a
high-octane opportunity to explore the vast network that provides
America with energy, because if there's one spectacle that's all
about our insatiable thirst for raw power, it's the Daytona 500.
★★ visionary
★★ intricate
★ transmission
line
On September 4, 1882, visionary inventor Thomas Edison switched
on America's first central power plant, delivering electricity to
400 electric bulbs in less than one square mile of the city. it's
the starting point for the remarkably intricate system of
generating stations and transmission lines that light up our world
today.
★ high-tension
★ transmission
line
★ delivery
★★ grid
today, more than 200,000 miles of high-tension transmission lines supply power. they are the delivery system at the heart of our grid. 如今,超过20万英里的高压线运输着电能，这些是输电网的中心系统。
★★★ domino effect
★★ overloaded
★★★ cascade
basically it was like a domino effect. one line goes down, forcing power onto other lines. they get overloaded, they go down. and it just cascades from there. 这有点像多米诺效应，一条线路中断，电力被挤入其它线路超负荷后走向崩溃都因一条线路中断引起。
★★★ epic
★★★ blackout
★★ grid
★★ infrastructure
Nearly a decade has passed since that epic blackout. and since then, the grid's basic infrastructure hasn't really changed. 那次事件已经过去了10多年，从那时起，电网系统并没什么大变化。
★ conductor
★★ corrode
Today, we're going out to a job where a conductor of a wire got damaged either by a lightning strike or just being old and started corroding. 现在去看一条导线，导线受损了,可能被雷击了也可能是老化了。
★★★ devastating
★★★ blackout
kwon: if the problem is left unchecked, the consequences could be devastating. and no one wants a repeat of the 2003 blackout. 如果不解决这个问题，后果将不堪设想，没人想2003年事件再上演。
★ bond
★ vibration
-- Right now, we're bonded on. you get little nips on your skin, you know, with the electricity going around you. 现在连接上了，皮肤上起鸡皮疙瘩了，因为你周围都是电。
-- You can feel it? 你能感觉到吗?
-- Yeah, you can feel it once in a while. you can feel some vibration on your hands. you know, you feel the wire get warm once in a while. 是的,偶尔能感觉到，感觉自己的手在震动，偶尔能感觉到电线发热。
★ reinforce
★★ rod
★★★ unravel
Ryan carefully reinforces the line with these rods, forming a protective metal band-aid. 赖安小心翼翼地固定电线，像在给电线加了层保护膜。
I'm going to cover up the bad spot of the wire. this way, it doesn't keep unraveling.
我要固定电线有磨损的地方，这样它才不会散开。
★ maintain
★★ grid
★ delivery
Repair workers like Ryan and Vinnie are on the front lines every day, maintaining the grid's complex delivery system. 像赖安和维尼这样的修理工每天都奋斗在前线，保养复杂的输电网系统。
★★★ constellation
★ generating plant
★★ grid
these points of light represent the constellation of nearly 6,000 generating plants we count on to power the grid. and each one needs fuel so it can supply power 365 days a year. 图上显示的点代表着将近6000个发电站，有了它们才有输电网，每个电站都要消耗能量，所以才能1年365天不间断供电。
★★ renewable
★★★ hydro
Today, they use a mix of energy sources, from nuclear to renewables like solar and wind, from hydro to natural gas. 如今,电站使用多种能源，有核电，可再生能源如太阳能和风能，还有水力和天然气。
★ transform
★★ barren
★ landscape
★★ terrain
★ alter
In the last 40 years, the area has been completely transformed. This is what the barren landscape looked like in the 1950s. And here it is now, the terrain completely altered by mines like black thunder. 过去的40年里，这里的面貌完全变了，这是19世纪50年代这里的样子。这是现在的样子，这里的地形被煤矿完全改变了。
★ property
★ abuse
We can no longer afford to consider air and water common property free to be abused by anyone. 我们不得不考虑空气和水源这些公共财产正被破坏。
★ restrict
★ emission
★ release
With pressure from the growing environmental movement, president Richard Nixon signed the clean air act of 1970 into law. It restricted emissions released into the air by big polluters like coal-fired power plants. 随着环境保护运动的展开,迫于压力，理查得·尼克松总统在1970年签署了《清洁空气法案》。它限制了污染大户如燃煤发电厂的排放量。
★★ sulfur
This stuff has a lot less sulfur than the coal mined elsewhere, so it burns cleaner, making the powder river basin the new king of coal. 这里的煤所含的硫磺比其它地方的少，产生的废气也少，使得河谷煤田成了煤田之王。
★ shift
★ haul
All day long, josh drives in a big loop, filling his truck with coal, dumping it, filling it up again. in a single shift, he can haul 8,000 tons. and there's plenty to haul.乔什每天循环做同样的事，给卡车装上煤、卸煤、再装煤，他每天能运8000吨煤，有太多煤要运。
★★★ grand
canyon
★ reserve
★★★ reliant
In the middle of nowhere, we've built ourselves the grand canyon of coal. with our vast reserves, it's no wonder America is still so reliant on this simple black rock to power the grid. 你所想不到的是，这里竟是煤矿大峡谷，这里煤炭储量丰富，怪不得美国至今仍主要依靠煤炭发电。
★★★ nuclear
reactor
★ substitute
★ petroleum
Here is dr. atom. the nuclear reactor may be substituted where heat is now provided by coal or petroleum. 这是核博士，核能源可能代替煤炭或石油能源。
★★★ skyrocket
★★ catastrophe
For one thing, construction costs have skyrocketed. there's also the risk of catastrophe. 首先，建设成本很高。其次，可能引发大灾难。
★ chilling
★★ spiral
★★★ radioactivity
They're all chilling reminders of what can happen when an accident at a nuclear plant spirals out of control, potentially leading to a dangerous release of radioactivity. no new American plants have even been ordered since 1978. 他们都是活生生的例子,要是核电站的事故超出控制范围，可能释放危险的放射性物质。自1978年后，美国就再没新建核电站。
★ boom
★ expansion
★ track
Newly discovered fields in the u.s. led to a boom in the 1950s, driven by growing industrial and consumer needs. The expansion of our underground gas-pipeline system was fast-tracked just to keep up. 近期在美国发现了几处天然气使二十世纪五十年代的美国很是繁荣，这被用于逐渐发展的工业和居民生活。我们地下的煤气管道系统扩张，发展迅速，紧跟时代。
★ cargo
★★★ splinter
★★★ Fahrenheit
★ transform
★★★ liquefied
★ destination
This is the Neptune. Its cargo is kept at a bone-splintering minus-260 degrees Fahrenheit. at that temperature, natural gas is transformed into liquefied natural gas, or lng, 600 times smaller in volume. Her final destination is Everett terminal. 这是海神号，船上货物放在华氏零下260度的集装箱内。在此温度下，天然气转变为液体天然气或液化天然气，这样体积就小了600倍。最终目的地是埃弗雷特终端。
★★ furnace
★★★ crank
up
In Massachusetts, nearly half the homes use gas for heating in addition to electricity. In the dead of winter, when furnaces are cranked up high, there's simply not enough gas coming through the pipes to go around. 在马萨诸塞州,几乎一半家庭除了用电就用天然气来取暖。寒冬时,一旦火炉用得厉害，就没有足够的天然气从管道运送到地面。
★ supplement
So, to supplement the gas coming through the pipeline, Boston relies on tankers like the Neptune. For now, there's simply no other way to get it here. 所以,为了获得从管道运输过来的天然气，波士顿还依赖像海神号这样的油轮。目前来看，这里获得天然气别无他法。
★★★ concentrated
Think of this tanker as a giant freezer full of concentrated, bottled energy. Getting it safely into Boston is no simple task. 把这油轮当作一个装满浓缩灌装能源的巨大冰箱，要把它安全送到波士顿可不是易事。
★ execute
★★ maneuver
George and the ship's captain have to execute the biggest parking job I've ever seen while backing the tanker under the Tobin bridge. The clearance can be as little as five feet. It's a maneuver that city planners clearly didn't have in mind when the bridge was built over a half-century ago. 乔治和船队长要站在托宾桥下的油轮后面执行我见过的最难的停泊工作，离桥的间隙只有五尺。城市规划者在半世纪以前建造这桥时明显没有考虑到这点。
★★★ offload
★ critical
★★★ replenish
★★ dock
Over the next 24 hours, the gas will be carefully offloaded. these critical shipments replenish the pipes and fuel new England's largest gas-fired power plant, conveniently located right next to the dock. 在接下来的24小时内，天然气会被小心地卸下。这些及时的船只给大家带来了新能源，也给坐落在码头附近的新英格兰最大天然气发电厂提供新能源。
★★ stun
★ estimate
★ reserve
In 2008, Terry stunned the energy world when he estimated the size of the reserve in the Marcellus. 2008年，特里估计了马尔克路的储量时，他震惊了能源界。
★ prospector
★ drill
Here's a satellite photo of Booneville, a small farming community in western Arkansas, before the prospectors arrived. And this is how it looks today -- a giant pincushion of drill sites. 这是探勘者来之前朋尼维阿肯色西部一个农耕区的卫星照，这是它如今的景象，一个巨大的针垫钻井点。
★★★ shale
★ deposit
★ reserve
Major gas-shale deposits can be found in 28 different states. If you add them all up, you get a gas reserve that's even bigger than the world's largest oil reserve in Saudi Arabia. 主要页岩气储藏点能在28个不同州找到，如果你把它们都加起来，你会得到一个比世界最大的沙特阿拉伯储油基地还要大的天然气储备。
★ controversy
★★★ hydraulic
★★ fracture
★ gallon
★ release
You've probably heard of the controversy around hydraulic fracturing, also called fracking. It uses millions of gallons of liquid pumped into the ground to fracture the rock and release the gas. 你可能听过关于水力压裂的争论，它把上百万加仑的液体注入地下以粉碎岩石分解气体。
★ controversy
★ spill
★★★ additive
★★★ benzene
★★★ diesel
★★★ hydrochloric
acid
★ component
★ critical
The controversy largely comes because there have been some accidents spilled on the surface, for example, and the water does have additives in it. Chemicals like benzene and diesel and hydrochloric acid. That's right, and it also obtains some of the natural components of the rock. Some of these might be heavy metals, for example, that come back to the surface from the rock, so that obviously management of this water becomes really critical. 争议主要源于因为这儿已经发生过几起事故。比如气体溢到地面里面还有水。像苯、柴油及盐酸一类的化学物。说得对,它还含有岩石里的一些天然物质，这其中就有重金属,比如这些从岩石里渗透到地面，所以对这些水的管理明显很重要。
★★ retrieve
★★★ formation
★★★ phenomenal
Questions have also been raised about how much gas can actually be retrieved from formations like the Marcellus. but that hasn't slowed down the industry's phenomenal growth. 对于有多少天然气能从像马尔克路这样的地方分离出来也存在争议，但工业迅速发展的脚步并没有停下。
★★★ confide
★★ tenant
★ chop
down
★★ inexhaustible
In 1931, Thomas Edison confided to his friend, Henry ford, “we are like tenant farmers, chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using nature's inexhaustible sources of energy -- sun, wind, and tide.” 1931年,托马斯·爱迪生悄悄告诉他的朋友亨利·福特：“我们就像土地租用人，砍我们房子周边的篱笆做燃料，但我们应该用自然界取之不尽用之不竭的能源，太阳、风和潮水”。
★★★ wind turbine
★ convert
★★★ sensor
★★ stunning
Across the country, over 36,000 wind turbines dot the landscape. We converted the data produced by those sensors, revealing stunningly complex wind patterns sped up 10,000 times. 整个国家有36000多个风力涡轮机遍布各地，我们转换这些传感器产生的数据，揭示极其复杂的风模式，这加速了10000倍。
★ identify
In Albany, New York, I've come to see dr. Michael Brower, who uses this mapping data to help identify new wind-project sites. 在奥尔巴尼,纽约,我已经见到用这些测绘数据帮助识别新的风能项目地点的迈克尔·布劳则博士。
★★ simulation
Looking at the simulation, why are certain regions better for building wind projects than others? 看这模拟地图，为什么有些地区更适合成为风能基地?
★ massive
★★★ turbine
At the windy flats wind farm high above the Columbia, I've hooked up with a team of experts who are doing a safety check on this massive turbine. 站在哥伦比亚河谷上方的多风平台上，我和一群专家进行了交流，他们在对涡轮进行安全检查。
★ technician
★★★ turbine
★ spin
Randy's work takes him all around the country. He's one of 4,000 technicians who keep these high-tech turbines spinning.兰迪的工作使他走遍整个国家，他是维持高科技涡轮旋转的 4000名技术工之一。
★ inspect
★ blade
★★★ fiberglass
-- So, what are you looking for when you come down to inspect these blades?
-- For any damages in this outer coat, which is called a gel coat. it's kind of the protective layer that keeps the fiberglass safe from u.v. radiation.
-- 那当你下来检查这些叶片的时候，你在找什么?
-- 看这些外部是否有损坏，这就是所谓的凝胶涂层，这是一种保护层，它可保护玻璃纤维免遭紫外线辐射。
★★★ turbine
★★★ flawlessly
★★★ self-contained
★ generate
Randy's job is to make sure the turbines work flawlessly. each one is a self-contained power plant, generating enough electricity for more than a thousand homes. 兰迪的工作就是确保涡轮正常运转，每一个都是独立的发电厂，这发出的电足够上千家人使用。
★ inspection
★ blade
★ erosion
We'll do inspections to the leading edge of the blade, because it's what breaks the wind. So any erosion on the blade, it's always going to start on the leading edge.我们要检查叶片的边缘，因为它会破坏风力，叶片的任何腐蚀往往都是由边缘开始的。
★★★ mandate
★★ renewable
California law mandates that by 2020, a third of its power must come from renewable energy sources. and Deborah Levine, who is responsible for bringing power to 30 million Californians, is already seeing the impact of this change. 加利福尼亚法律指出到2020年必须引进第三个可再生能源，黛博拉·莱文负责给三千万加利福尼亚人引进能源，他已经看到了这一改变的影响。
★★★ counterintuitive
-- If the wind blows too hard -- 50 miles an hour -- the wind turbines stop.
-- That's so counterintuitive, because you'd think that to have more wind power, you want more wind.
-- 如果风力很强劲,50英里/小时，风力涡轮就会停止转动
-- 这太违反常理了，因为一般会认为要更多风能就要更多风
★ conventional
★★ slack
-- You actually have to have more conventional power sources online to pick up the slack if the wind dies.
-- We'll need something to pick up the slack if the wind dies. mother nature is always going to be mother nature. it's -- you can't count on it.
-- 事实上当风能不可用时,你们需要更多传统能源
-- 若风能不可用我们要进行补救，自然的力量就是自然的力量，不能完全指望它。
★★ thermal
★ sensitive
★ mount
★ capture
★★ radiate from
Larry Davis is a thermal-mapping expert whose highly sensitive camera mounted on the bottom of this plane captures heat radiating from objects on the ground.
拉里·戴维斯是热图专家，他的高灵敏摄像安装在飞机底部，它能捕获地面物体的热辐射。
★ indicate
★ substantial
The orange and reddish colors indicate that there's a substantial amount of heat loss. 橙色和为红色表示，有持续的热量流失。
★ efficient
★★ insulated
★ tremendous
About half the homes in Cleveland were built before 1950. on average, they're 40% less efficient than homes built in the last 10 years. but even better-insulated modern homes still lose a tremendous amount of energy simply because of their size and the huge amount of power they need. 克利夫兰大概一半的房子都是1950年前建的，它们平均比近10年建的房子多浪费40%的能源。但即使在更绝缘的现代房屋中，浪费的能源也是相当多的，只因为房子太大，需要更多的能源。
★★ innovative
To meet our energy needs, innovative pioneers are coming up with new ways to generate power in the most unexpected places. 为满足我们的能源需求，一些创新开拓者提出令人难以想象的发电方法。
★★★ manure
★ fertilizer
-- We used to put the raw manure back on our land as fertilizer.
-- Okay. so is that going to be used to make electricity, too?
-- It sure is.
-- 我们过去把原料浇在地上作为肥料
-- 那这也能用来发电吗?
-- 当然
★★★ manure
★★★ byproduct
★★★ methane
But it turns out that manure is a valuable source of power, thanks to its natural byproduct -- methane gas. 由于它的天然副产品--沼气，牛粪还是一种有价值的能源。
★★ innovative
★★ facet
Our renewable-energy needs are going to come from a variety of resources, it's not going to be one magic bullet. it's going to take all kinds of innovative ideas from all facets for us to come to a solution. 我们对可再生能源的需求来源于很多能源，不仅仅来源于一种，它需要各种创新想法，从各个方面想办法。
★ utility
★★★ bank
on
★★ premium
★ install
Vermont is the first state with a utility that's banking on cow
power. but
★ sustainable
We're not going to run the country on cow power alone. It would take more than 4 million cows to equal the output of just one nuclear power plant. but maybe that's not the point. Maybe the point here is that the people in this community are taking control of their energy choices, and they're choosing to build a sustainable energy future one kilowatt at a time. 美国并不只靠生物气体来维持运转，那将需要四百多万头牛才能与一个核能计划的产量持平。但这也许不是重点，重点是这个社区的人们都来严格控制对能源的选择，而他们选择了能源可持续发展，一次一千瓦。
★★★ pastor
★★★ congregation
Pastor Earl Trent and his congregation are turning to solar energy. They've got their own power plant up on the church roof. 特伦特牧师和他的集会都在使用太阳能，他们把他们的能源计划搬上了教学的屋顶。
★ install
★ solar panel
Over the last two years, more than 100,000 families have installed solar panels throughout America. 在过去的两年里，整个美国已经有10万多个家庭已经组装了太阳能电板。
★ efficiency
★★ renewable
★ conservation
This is only the first step in a green ministry. It's going to be an education about energy efficiency, renewable energy, and conservation. 而这只是环保部门的第一步,这将成为一项教育研究，关于能源利用率，可再生能源和能源节约。
★★ subsidy
★ donation
The system cost $60,000 to put in and would have been out of reach without government subsidies and donations from church members. 这项系统需要6万美元的投入，而这将不可能实现，如果没有政府补贴和教会成员的捐助的话。
★★★ catalyst
What we're trying to do is change their thinking so that they will become more energy-efficient in their own homes. This is a catalyst. and that's what we want, you know. This is a start. 我们要做的就是改变他们的想法，这样他们就能在自己的家里提高能源的利用率。这只是一个催化剂，那就是我们想要的，这只是一个开始。
★ blend
★★★ ethanol
★★ offset
in 2011, for the first time, all their cars began running on an experimental blend of 15% corn ethanol to offset their fossil-fuel use. 从2011年开始，他们的汽车就是靠一种实验中的混合物来提供动力，这种混合物15%的玉米酒精，用来弥补他们化学燃料的消耗。
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