加载中…【看纪录片学单词】之《大堡礁.1.自然奇迹》
(2013-10-10 18:52:44)
标签：
我的词汇作品 |
【看纪录片学单词】之《大堡礁.1.自然奇迹》
新东方
http://s1/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLhsb4sd0&690
http://s6/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLhUaSF15&690
http://s4/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLivkwrb3&690
http://s2/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLiJyBrb1&690
http://s13/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLiZE6Mdc&690
http://s4/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLjrj6Ha3&690
http://s13/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLjP6m86c&690
http://s11/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLk3Ou69a&690
http://s8/bmiddle/64056dbfgx6DjLkf3Yrd7&690
影片看点：这是一个真正的圣地，这里浓缩了海洋所有的美丽，这里有比世界上任何其他地方都丰富的物种，它们顽强得生存，它们有着奇妙的故事：强悍的群体捕食者蓝鳍鰺，巨大的石斑鱼和它的小伙伴，自己耕耘土地的雀鲷，吹泡泡的鹦鹉鱼，上岸产卵的海龟，近岸狩猎的柠檬鲨，黑夜杀手鸡心螺，……。珊瑚白天像安静的植物，到了夜晚却成为活跃的捕食者，它们吸食浮游生物，它们还互相争夺地盘。它们不断扩大自己的规模，像一个海底都市，给无数的生物提供住所。该片带你进入它们的世界。
影片长度：58 分钟
词汇统计：
★ 四级词汇： 121
★★ 六级词汇： 78 个
★★★ 雅思托福及以上词汇： 138 个
学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六级词汇，三星的为雅思托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。【看纪录片学单词】可分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解剧情和背景知识。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，重温重点词汇和好的口语表达以及背景知识，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句（可以打印出来，或者存手机）。
在线观看：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XNTg1NjI2MDg4.html
下载地址：http://yunpan.cn/cwqCvkaA3vy6i
★ marine
★ fascinate
★★★ epitome
★★ icon
★★★ Mecca
★★ barrier
reef
I'm Monty Halls and I'm a marine biologist and diver. And I've always been fascinated by the sea. For me, there's always been one place that is the epitome of everything that's wonderful about the marine environment. It's a true global icon and is a Mecca for anyone who's ever heard the word coral... The Great Barrier Reef! 我是Monty Halls，是一名海洋生物学家同时也是潜水员，我一直被这片海域深深吸引着。对于我来说，有一个地方,他的每样东西都是海洋环境的最好缩影，他是真正意义上的全球偶像,是听说过珊瑚礁的每个人向往的地方，大堡礁。
★ stretch
★ tropical
Stretching for over 2,000km up the tropical coast of Australia, it is quite simply the largest living structure on the planet. 沿着澳大利亚的热带海岸绵延2,000公里，显而易见它是地球上最大的生物组织。
★ personality
It's made up of almost 3,000 different reefs, each one with a different personality. 它由几乎3,000个不同的珊瑚礁组成，每一种都各具特色。
★★ exquisite
★★ science fiction
★ instant
Here, there is more life than almost anywhere else on Earth. Many of the creatures are exquisitely beautiful but some seem straight out of science fiction. While others can kill in an instant. 这比地球上任何地方的生物都要多，许多生物是极其的美丽，有些似乎是科幻的，其他的一瞬间杀死别人。
★★★ polyp
★★ jellyfish
★ colony
Each polyp is like a tiny upside-down jellyfish sitting in a stony cup. They live together in colonies, like underwater tower blocks. 每个珊瑚虫看起来像倒立的海蜇，坐在一个石杯上，他们生活在一起,像海底的塔形街区。
★★★ polyp
★★★ tentacle
★★★ microscopic
★ transform
★ coral
The polyps can't build the reef alone. For this they need partners that are even smaller. Within each polyp's tentacles are millions of tiny brown dots. Each is a microscopic plant which transforms sunlight into food and energy for the corals. 珊瑚虫建造珊瑚礁不是靠一己之力，需要甚至更小的同伴，珊瑚虫每个触须有几百万个棕色的点，每个都是一个微小的植物，他们为珊瑚虫把太阳光转化为食物和能量。
★★ miraculous
★ mineral
★★★ limestone
★★ skeleton
It's a miraculous partnership that allows the corals to turn minerals in the water into limestone, building their stony skeletons. In this way, each colony grows. 这是一种不可思议的伴侣它让珊瑚虫把水里的矿物质转化为石灰岩，建造他们石头的骨骼，以这种方式,每个珊瑚虫开始生长。
★ marine
★★ metropolis
★★ intricate
★ architecture
If we were able to watch a reef over several years, we'd see a continually-growing marine metropolis. Its intricate architecture provides homes for thousands of creatures. 如果我们能观察一个珊瑚礁几年，我们将会看到一个持续生长的海底大都会，他们错综复杂的建筑为数以千计的生物提供了栖息场所。
★ species
★★★ ray
★ whale
★ dolphin
★★ turtle
★★★ mollusk
★★★ crustacean
★ sheer
★ rhythm
★ rush
hour
134 species of shark and ray, 30 species of whale and dolphin, six species of turtle, 14 species of sea snake... ..3,000 specie of mollusc, 1,300 species of crustacean... The sheer number of creatures that live here makes the reef as hectic as any human city, with a rhythm of almost perpetual rush hours. 134种鲨鱼和鳐，30种鲸和海豚，6种海龟，14种海蛇，3,000种软体动物，1,300种甲克动物。这么多的生物让大堡礁像人类居住的城市一样热闹，而且永远在上下班高峰。
★ constant
★★★ ebb and flow
Imagine all this activity, this constant ebb and flow of life, continuing for over 2,000km. 想象这里发生的活动，潮起潮落，延绵了2,000公里。
★★★ eucalyptus
★★★ paper-bark
Well, for a start, it wasn't even underwater. This area would have been covered in hundreds and hundreds of miles of eucalyptus and paper-bark forest and there wouldn't have been a fish in sight. 首先,它甚至都不在水下，这个地方可能被数以万计英里的桉树林和白千层数树所覆盖，看不见一条鱼。
★★ abound
★★ aboriginal
It was a land abounding with the animals of the Australian plains. Aboriginal people would've lived here too, hunting the wildlife in areas that are now deep under water. 它是一片同澳大利亚平原动物富饶起来的土地，土著人也开始在这生活，在这个如今是水下的地方打猎。
★★ fringe
★★ continental
shelf
★ tropical
★ thrive
As the sea rose, corals began to grow on the rocky fringes of the continental shelf, creating the Great Barrier Reef we see today. These shallow tropical waters are clear and warm... perfect conditions for corals to thrive. 随着海平面的上升，珊瑚虫开始在大陆架的边缘生长，创造了我们今天所看见的大堡礁。这些热带潜水很清澈而且很温暖，是珊瑚虫茁壮成长的完美条件。
★ shelter
★★★ lagoon
Sheltered behind this long strip of reef, a lagoon was born. An area of protected water larger in size than the whole of Great Britain. 庇护在这一长条珊瑚礁后面,是一个环礁湖，它是一片面积比英国还大的受保护的水域。
★ dot
★★★ lagoon
★ substantial
The rising sea also cut off areas of high ground, creating the 600 island that dot the lagoon. Some are little more than rocks. Others substantial mountains covered in woodland.上升的海平面分割开高地，形成了散布于环礁湖内600个小岛，有些比岩石还小，其他的则是覆盖着森林的山脉。
★ chart
★★★ sonar
★ represent
★★★ labyrinth
For Cook and his men, without the benefit of modern charts and sonar, it represented nothing more than a deadly labyrinth. 对于cook船长和他的船员们来说,没有现代航海图和声纳，它就代表着一个死亡迷宫。
★ complexity
But it's exactly this complexity and the sheer size of the reef that has created so many opportunities for life. 但是就是这样一个复杂的珊瑚礁，为生命创造了许多机会。
★★★ plankton
There are fish of almost every imaginable kind - coral eaters, plant eaters, plankton eaters, the hunters and the hunted. 这里有你能想象出的所有鱼类，以珊瑚,植物,浮游生物为食的动物，捕食者和猎物。
★★ fin
★★★ trevally
★★ predator
★★ prey
Blue fin trevally - powerful predators that hunt in packs. One minute apparently minding their own business, the next charging their prey with a sudden rush. Working together, they create confusion. 蓝鳍鲹，一种强大的成群捕食的食肉动物，前一分钟似乎还在独自晃晃悠悠，下一秒随即就对他们的猎物展开攻击，它们一起行动,造成混乱。
★★★ trevally
★ depart
The trevally depart as quickly as they arrived, and the colourful reef fish regroup again to feed. 蓝鳍鲹离开的速度跟来时一样快，随后这些色彩缤纷的鱼又重新聚集在一起觅食。
★★★ shimmer
★★★
swirl
Beyond them, silver baitfish never let down their guard. They shimmer like a thousand tiny mirrors, swirling as one amorphous mass to confuse any attackers. 除了它们,银鱼从未放松警惕，它们闪闪发光像数千面镜子，像一团无形云雾一样形成漩涡，来迷惑进攻者。
★ defence
★★★ mackerel
★★★ greyhound
★★★ agility
★ ghostly
★ school
It is their only defence against this - a shark mackerel. These are the greyhounds of the ocean. They need all their speed and agility against this ghostly school that is here one moment and gone the next. 这是它们对付这种捕食者的唯一方法，这就是鲭鱼。这些是海里的猎犬，它们需要速度与灵活并存，来应对这幽灵般的族群，前一秒还在此，下一秒便无影无踪。
★ bold
★★★ wrasse
Despite the dangers, small fish have to risk leaving the protection of the reef to feed. And perhaps none is bolder than this little wrasse. 虽然很危险，小鱼仍然要冒险离开珊瑚礁的保护出来觅食，或许没有比这小濑鱼更勇敢的了。
★★ gigantic
★★★ grouper
★ aggressive
★★ territorial
★★ predator
★★ deter
★ approach
★★ suicidal
This gigantic grouper is many thousands of times her size and an aggressive territorial predator with one of the largest mouths on the reef. But she's not deterred from approaching. What she's about to do seems almost suicidal. 这些巨大的鲶科鱼是它们自身体积的几千倍大，是一种不好惹的而且有很强领土意识的捕食动物，它是珊瑚礁上嘴最大的动物之一。但是它没有被吓住，它接下来想做的似乎是自取灭亡。
★★ blood-sucking
★★★ grouper
★ nevertheless
★★★ wrasse
★★ vibrate
She's feeding on tiny blood-sucking parasites, which is why the grouper allows this. Nevertheless, the wrasse has to regularly vibrate her fins against the inside of his mouth just to remind him not to swallow. 它以吸血的寄生虫为食，这也是为什么鲶鱼让他们进入到口腔。不过濑鱼需要有规律的抖动它的鱼鳍，表示它还她鱼嘴里，来提醒石斑鱼不要把它们吞下去。
★★★ wrasse
★★ parasite
★★ fussy
★★★ grouper
★★★ infest
A single wrasse can eat an incredible 1,200 parasites a day. And she's not fussy where she finds them. Without this decontamination the grouper would quickly become infested. 仅一条濑鱼一天就能吃掉1,200条寄生虫，她在哪里都可以找到食物，没有这种净化，石斑鱼会全身遍布寄生虫。
★ infinite
★ cultivate
On the reef there seem to be an almost infinite variety of ways of feeding. Some fish even cultivate their own food, so they're very protective of it. 在礁石中，好像有几乎无穷无尽的捕食方式，有些鱼类甚至自己种植食物，所以它们非常保护自己的食物。
★★ algae
★★ patch
★ transform
Much of the algae growing on the sandy seabed is edible, so the damsel farms it in green patches, encouraging some species, nipping down others, and gently transforming the landscape around her. 许多长在沙质海床上的海藻是可食用的，所以雀鲷在这片绿地里耕耘，留下一些种类的海藻，啄掉另一些，渐渐地该造了她周边的地形。
★★★ trespasser
After all this hard work, she doesn't look kindly on trespassers. Anything that that swims too close is chased away. 毕竟这项工作很辛苦,它不会友善对待入侵者，任何游得太近的都会被驱逐走
★★★ feisty
She can't scare me but she just doesn't give up. Just listen to this. This is one feisty little fish. 它吓不走我,但是仍没有放弃，听听这，这是一种非常活跃的小鱼。
★★★ intimidating
Even though I'm so much bigger than this damsel fish, it's still quite an intimidating sight. 即使我比这种雀鲷大很多，它仍然是一种恐吓我的目光。
★ maintain
★★ nurture
While damsels maintain areas of reef by nurturing, other fish destroy it. 雀鲷通过种植植物来保持珊瑚,然而其他动物却在破坏它。
★★★ bumphead parrotfish 隆头鹦鹉鱼
★ tough
Bumphead parrotfish, each the size of a small sheep. They have a tough beak and gigantic jaw muscles that work like bolt cutters. 凸头鹦嘴鱼,每个都有一个小羊那么大，它们有一个坚硬的嘴，下巴强有力的肌肉工作起来像一个断线钳。
★★ hardware
★★ algae
★★★ coral
polyp
It might seem like a lot of hardware for a diet of soft algae and coral polyps, but the only way to get at them is by sheering off chunks of the coral rock.看上去它们像喜欢吃柔软的海藻和珊瑚虫的五金器具，但是获得食物的唯一途径是磨碎大块的珊瑚岩。
★ fine
★ chew
up
A second set of internal teeth then grinds the coral into a fine paste. A single bumphead can chew up to five tons of coral every year, which they excrete back onto the reef as sand. 用嘴里的第二排牙，然后把珊瑚磨成糊状。一条鹦嘴鱼一年能嚼碎五吨珊瑚，然后它们把珊瑚以沙石的形式排泄出去。
The constant remodeling of the reef by ravenous parrotfish is nothing compared to the effect of the ocean. 珊瑚持续的被鹦嘴鱼重塑，但与海洋的影响相比，就微不足道。
★★★ crest
★ impact
This is the reef crest and it's the point where the waves generated by the open ocean impact the hard surface of the coral reef. 这是珊瑚礁的顶点,在这里海洋用他那浪花,冲击珊瑚礁坚硬的表面。
★ unstoppable
★ immovable
★ keenly
★ suicide
★ illustration
It's an unstoppable force hitting an immovable object. I'm keenly aware that these are very small waves. Believe me, in a big storm, to be here would be suicide. But it's a vivid illustration of the power of the sea. 这是一种永不停止的力量不停地冲击一个不动的物体，我知到这些只是很小的海浪。相信我,在真正的暴风雨中,来这里约等于自杀，这就是海洋力量活生生的例证。
★ tropical
★★ cyclone
★★★ whip in
★ smash
Tropical storms and cyclones regularly whip in from the Pacific Ocean. The surf smashes into the reef, pulverizing the coral below. Waves and currents move the rubble and sand around and shape it into beautiful small islands... 来自太平洋的热带风暴和飓风定期猛烈敲打着这里，浪花猛击着珊瑚礁,粉碎了下面的珊瑚，海浪和洋流冲走周边的沙石，把它们塑造成了漂亮的小岛。
★★★ cay
At first glance it might seem that a sand cay is a pretty inhospitable environment but actually it can support life in abundance. 起初我们会认为沙洲是一个相当不宜居的环境，但实际上它能维持大量的生命。
★ rare
★ free from
★★ predator
Today it's rare to find a cay free from humans and mainland predators, but this is one of the best - Raine Island. 今天很难找到一个没有人类和内陆捕食者的沙洲,但是这个却是其中最好的，雷恩岛。
★★★ jostle
It's home to thousands of birds and in the centre of the island they jostle for the best available space. 它是数千只鸟的栖息地，在这个岛的中部，它们争夺者最宜居的地方。
★ mate
★ haul up
★★ frenzy
Having mated offshore, thousands of females haul themselves up the beach to lay their eggs, The record is 26,000 turtles in a single night. They turn a remote desert island into a crowded frenzy of nocturnal activity. 在海岸上交配后，数千只雌性海龟爬上海滩开始产卵，一夜间最高记录是26,000只海龟。它们把一个偏远的海岛变成了一个狂热的夜间盛会。
★★ spectacle
Wind and waves have created an island that, for the moment at least, has just the right conditions to support this incredible spectacle. 风和浪创造了这个岛，至少现在，这种得天独厚的环境支撑着这种盛况。
★★★ upheaval
★ rhythm
Twice a day, life along the length of the Great Barrier Reef has to cope with complete upheaval, as the rhythm of the moon causes tides to flood and drain the reef. 一日两次,大堡礁沿岸的生物不得不面对彻头彻尾的剧变，因为月球周期的变化使得潮起潮落。
★ expose
During the lowest tides, the water runs off, and whole sections of living coral, that would normally be underwater, are exposed. 在退潮时,水都流走，整个珊瑚礁通常在水下的部分暴露出来。
★★ mighty
It's almost as though some mighty force has lifted the reef right out of the water. These are extreme conditions. 它仿佛是一种强大的力量把珊瑚从水中提起，这是很极端的条件。
★ expose
★★★ polyp
★★ retract
★★ skeleton
★★★ secrete
★★★ mucous
★★★ sunscreen
★★★ skimp
As the exposed corals start to heat up, the tiny polyps retract inside their stony skeletons for protection. Then they secrete mucous. It acts as a sunscreen, and there's no skimping on quantity. An area no larger than the size of a coffee table can produce five liters of the stuff. 暴露在外的珊瑚礁开始被加热，珊瑚虫缩到了它们石头般的骨骼里来保护自己，然后它们分泌粘液.它的作用就像防晒霜，在粘液的分泌量上它们毫不吝啬，一个咖啡桌大小的地方能产生五升这种东西。
★ retreat
★★★ sea cucumber
★★★ starfish
As the tide retreats to the edge of the reef, it cuts off pools of water. For most animals, like these sea cucumbers and starfish, the best way to survive is by taking refuge in these rock pools. 当潮汐从珊瑚礁退去，几滩水与外界隔绝开。对于大多数动物来说,比如海参和海星，生存下去最好的办法是在石头间寻求庇护。
★ hostile
With the tropical sun beating down, the exposed flat is one of the most hostile environments on the reef. For a fish caught out here it should mean certain death. 当太阳直射时，暴露的平面是珊瑚上最不适合生存的地方，对于被困在这的鱼来说这就意味着死亡。
★ specialized
★★ manoeuvre
★★ confined
★ survey
These abilities make it a specialized reef-top hunter. Manoeuvring around the confined space of a rock pool, it's master of all it surveys. 这些本事让它成为了珊瑚礁顶部的狩猎专家，在空间有限的岩石潭活动，它掌控者这的全局。
★ scan
★ detect
★★ crab
Nothing is safe. Not even animals hiding under the sand. It scans for smells, and for tiny electric signals given off by the bodies of hidden creatures. It's detected a crab. It doesn't need sharp teeth because it simply sucks up its prey. 没有动物是安全的.即便是那些藏在沙子下面的，它通过嗅觉来寻找猎物，也通过隐藏的动物发出的微弱的电子信号来寻猎物。它发现了一个螃蟹，它不需要锋利的牙齿,因为它将猎物直接吸下去。
★★★ oxygenate
★ relief
★ short-lived
★ accessible
When the sea returns, it brings cool oxygenated water back to the reef. The relief, though, is short-lived. Larger sharks gather at the reef's edge, waiting to get at the freshly accessible hunting grounds. 涨潮时大海为珊瑚礁带来了富含氧气的海水，但只带来了片刻的缓和平静，大型鲨鱼聚集到珊瑚礁边缘，等待着重新进入猎场的时机。
★★★ trevally
★★★ dart
★★★ break
ranks
★ midst
★★★ shoal
★ exploit
★ chaos
Young trevally. They dart for the fish, causing them to panic and break ranks. By putting themselves in the midst of the shoal, the sharks are in a perfect position to exploit the chaos. 年轻的澳洲鲹鱼飞快得冲向鱼群,恐慌的鱼群四处逃散，而这对等在浅滩的鲨鱼来说，他们占据了完美的位置来利用这场混乱。
For a hungry lemon shark, no water seems too shallow. The sharks are able to use these special tactics to feed inshore because of the rhythm of the tides, which change conditions every few hours. 对于一条饥饿的柠檬鲨,水再浅也是无所谓的，这些鲨鱼能运用这些策略在沿海觅食，由于潮汐节奏的关系，它每几个小时就改变这的状态。
★★ enduring
There are many enduring mysteries about the Great Barrier Reef, particularly at night, but this is one of the more enchanting ones. 关于大堡礁有很多神秘的故事，尤其在夜间，这是其中最吸引人的一个。
★★★ fluoresce
★★ ultraviolet
★★★ crest
This coral is fluorescing under ultraviolet light. It's this amazing light-show, and it covers pretty much the whole of the reef crest. 这个珊瑚在紫外线照射下发出荧光，这是一场灯光秀，它覆盖了珊瑚礁顶部相当一部分。
★★ bizarre
★★★ broccoli
Look at this, Look at this! Vivid, vivid colors! Doesn't look real, looks like some bizarre galactic broccoli is what it looks like. 看这个！多惟妙惟肖的色彩！！它们简直不像真的，感觉更像奇特的银河般的西兰花。
★★ day
shift
★★ night shift
★ mean
A coral reef during the day is a very different place from a coral reef at night. The atmosphere changes completely. The day shift has logged off and the night shift has gone to work. It's mean and moody and the animals here mean business. 白天的珊瑚礁和晚上的是非常不同的，整个气氛为完全改变了。白班的动物结束了工作同时夜班的动物也开始上班了，夜晚环境恶劣多变，动物们必须保持警惕。
★★★ octopus
★ emerge
★★ prey
★★★ sole
Just as in human cities, there's a new cast of characters after dark. Octopus emerge from their holes to stalk their prey. A tiny sole improves his chances of survival by mimicking a toxic flatworm. 就如同人类城市一样，天黑后有一场新的演出，章鱼从洞里浮出水面慢慢靠近它们的猎物，一条小鳎通过假装是有毒动物，来生存下去。
★★★ nocturnal
★★★ starfish
★★★ sea
cucumber
★★★ sift
★★★ plankton
Some of the strangest nocturnal creatures are relatives of the starfish, like this feather-mouthed sea cucumber, sifting food from the sand. Another is the basket star. It comes alive at night, throwing out thousands of arms to filter food from the plankton-rich current. 一些奇怪的夜间动物跟海星有亲缘关系，比如这个海参，从沙子中筛选出食物。另一个是篮海星，它在夜间活跃,伸出几千只触角，从富含浮游生物的水流里过滤食物。
★★★ ledge
★★★ drowsy
This green turtle has found himself a little ledge and is tucking in for the evening. He's a bit drowsy, and probably quite grumpy. We all get like that occasionally, don't we? 这只绿海龟在暗礁上找到了一个地方，整个晚上它都塞在里面。它有点困倦了,脾气可能相当暴躁，我们偶尔也是那样,不是吗?
★★★ nook
★★★ cranny
★★ eyelid
★★★ trance
★ other
than
★★★ gill
At night many fish sleep, resting in safe nooks and crannies on the reef. Without eyelids, they enter a trance-like state, barely moving other than to keep water flowing through their gills. 晚上很多鱼都睡了,在珊瑚礁的角落和裂缝里休息。没有眼皮,它们进入了昏睡状态，它们除了用腮保持海水流动外几乎不会动。
★ give off
★★ scent
But they do give off a scent, and that means they can be found.
但是它们会释放出气味,这意味着它们会被发现
★★★ cone
snail
★ specialize
★★★ sniff
out
This cone snail catches its prey in one of the most surprising ways imaginable, and specializes in killing fish. It sniffs them out whilst they are sleeping. 这个鸡心螺的捕猎方法是最难以想象的一种，专门用来杀小鱼，鸡心螺趁鱼睡觉时循着气味找到它们。
★★ sneak
★ release
★★ paralyze
★ victim
First, the snail must sneak close enough to bring its secret weapons into play. The snail appears to release chemicals that paralyses its victim.鸡心螺首先悄悄的接近这条鱼，然后拿出它的秘密武器，鸡心螺好像开始释放化学物质,它能够麻痹这条鱼。
★★★ goatfish
★★★ venomous
★★★ barb
The goatfish seems powerless to escape, as it's swallowed alive. Moments later, a venomous barb inside the snail puts the fish out of its misery. 绯鲵鲣似乎无力逃脱,然后被鸡心螺活着吞下去。不久后，鸡心螺体内的毒刺结束了它的痛苦。
★ deadly
★ undetected
★ essential
In a place where even seashells are deadly, remaining undetected is essential if you want to survive the night. 在一个连贝壳都是致命的地方,想在夜晚活下去的最好办法就是不被发现。
★★★ hint
★★ scent
★★★
waft
And simply hiding is not enough, just a hint of your scent, wafting into the current, can attract trouble. 简单的隐藏显然是不够的，仅仅飘到水流里的微弱气味，都能给你惹来麻烦。
★★★ parrotfish
★ come up
with
★ elegant
★★★ membrane
★ spread
★ ensure
The parrotfish has come up with an elegant solution in the form of a sleeping bag made out of membrane. It stops the smell spreading along the reef and being picked up. It's a very good way, if you're a parrotfish, of ensuring you get a good night's sleep. 鹦嘴鱼已经找到了一种非常简单的解决方法，在隔膜做成的睡袋里，它能防止气味沿着珊瑚礁扩散从而不被发现。如果你是鹦嘴鱼,这是很好的一种方法，能保证你晚上睡个好觉。
★★★ parrotfish
★★★ cocoon
★★★ exude
★★★ mucous
★★★ gill
No-one has ever filmed a parrotfish making its cocoon before. It starts by exuding a layer of mucous around its body. It then draws water into its mouth and pushes it out of its gills, blowing up the mucous bubble around it. 以前没人拍到过鹦嘴鱼制作这种包裹物的过程，它先分泌出一层黏液粘在身上，然后把水吸入嘴里，再把水从鳃里挤出，在它周围吹出很多粘液泡泡。
★ be enveloped
in
★★★ slimy
★★★ cocoon
★ trap
Within half-an-hour, the fish is completely enveloped in a slimy cocoon, which traps its smell. 不到半个小时这条鱼就被粘糊糊的物质完全包裹起来了,这能阻碍气味溜出去。
★ detect
★★★ twitch
White tipped reef sharks do use smell to find their prey, but if that doesn't work they have another sense. They can detect an animal's bioelectrical energy, the tiny electrical signals given off by even the smallest of its twitching muscles. 白尖礁鲨通常用嗅觉寻找猎物，但是如果嗅觉不管用它还有另一种感觉，它能探测到一个动物发出的生物电，即使是由肌肉微笑的抽搐引发的电流。
★★★ cramped
★★★ crevice
★★★ dorsal fin 背鳍
★ squeeze
White tips are the perfect size and shape for hunting in these cramped spaces. Their snake-like bodies can even wriggle into crevices, and they can fold their dorsal fin flat to squeeze through small holes. 白尖礁拥有完美的体积和形状在这些狭窄的空间里捕食，它们蛇一样的身躯甚至能钻到石缝里，它们能够折叠背鳍从小孔里挤过去。
★★★ parrotfish
★★★ commotion
If discovered, a sleeping parrotfish wouldn't stand a chance. Once the first shark has caught its prey, the smell and commotion attracts others. 一如果被发现,一只正在睡觉的鹦嘴鱼没有任何逃脱的机会，一旦第一只鲨鱼找到了它的猎物，气味和混乱能吸引其他鲨鱼。
★★ sophisticated
★★★ physique
Because of their sophisticated senses and remarkable physique, white tips are great reef hunters. At night they turn it into an art form. Better than all other sharks.因为精密的感官和不同寻常的体形，白尖礁鲨是礁石群中当之无愧的狩猎高手，它们将夜晚的狩猎变成行为艺术，这比其他鲨鱼更胜一筹。
★ passive
★★ snatch
★★★ immobilize
★ stinging
★★★ tentacle
★★★ jellyfish
By day corals may be passive and plant-like, but by night they become active hunters. They snatch tiny animals from the current, immobilizing them with stinging tentacles. Just like their relatives the jellyfish. 白天珊瑚很慵懒就跟植物一样，但是到了晚上它们成了活跃的捕食者。它们从水流里获取小动物，用蜇人的触角把它们留下来，就像它们的近亲海蜇一样。
★ competitive
★ possession
And they're highly competitive. Here, two individual polyps are fighting for possession of a single unfortunate creature. 它们存在很激烈的竞争关系，看这,两个珊瑚虫个体在争夺这个不幸的动物。
★ territory
★★★ at stake
At night the corals don't just hunt. When territory is at stake, whole colonies go to war with each other. 晚上珊瑚虫不仅仅捕猎，当它们的领土遭遇危险，整个珊瑚虫团结在一起开始战斗。
★ launch
★★★ a barrage
of
★ stinging
Once a coral senses another is too close, it launches a barrage of stinging cells, and the enemy returns fire. 一旦一个珊瑚虫发觉有人靠的太近了，它发射出一连串的蜇人的细胞，同时敌人也反击。
★ opponent
★ retreat
It's a war of numbers - the coral with the greatest firepower will win. Eventually, the coral on the right forces its opponent to retreat. 这是一场数量上的战争，火力最猛的珊瑚才会是赢家。最终，右边的击退了左边对手。
★★★ noddy terns
★★★ reaffirm
A pair of noddy terns fly close together over an island on the reef. These are two mates reaffirming their bond. 一对白顶玄燕鸥在珊瑚礁上比翼双飞，它们是在重复确认伴侣关系。
★★★ noddy
★★★ courtship
★ bow
★ interruption
Noddies signal to each continually during courtship, both in the air and after landing. Once in the trees, the performance changes. They bow their heads repeatedly. It's pretty clear how they got their name. Once they've started courting they don't like any interruption. 白顶玄燕鸥发出连续的求爱信号，无论是空中还是地上，一旦到了树上,表演发生了变化，它们不停得相互点头，这也是人们叫它们点头燕鸥的原因。一旦求爱开始，它们不喜欢任何打断它们的东西。
★ reinforce
★★★ fussy
To reinforce their relationship the male has to collect nesting materials. The females are famously fussy, so he chooses his present carefully. 为了加强它们的关系，雄性需要去收集筑巢的原材料，雌性是很难被取悦的，所以雄性精心准备它的礼物。
★ trigger
★★★ court
★★★ bicolor
★ tender
★★★ woo
Beneath the waves, the summer warmth triggers fish to court, In bicolour parrotfish, the larger male leads a tender underwater ballet to woo a partner. 在海浪下面,夏季温暖的海水触动鱼类开始求爱，在二色的鹦嘴鱼中，体积更大的雄性，以温柔的芭蕾舞的方式向雌性求爱。
★ urge
★ release
★★★ a puff
of
★★★ sperm
The urge to breed spreads across the reef. These are surgeon fish. Single females dart to the surface, pursued by groups of competing males. As each female releases her eggs, the males race to fertilize them, with a puff of white sperm. 繁殖的欲望蔓延了整个珊瑚礁，这些是刺尾鱼。一条雌鱼飞快冲向水面，成群的雄鱼为了追求她在竞争。在雌鱼向水面排卵的刹那，雄性同时喷出白雾般的精子来给卵子受精。
★ trigger
★★★ phase of the
moon
★★★ spawn
★★★ synchronized
★ breed
★★★ sperm
★ release
On only a few summer nights each year, and triggered by a particular phase of the moon, the corals spawn. This is the world's largest synchronized breeding event. On any one of these nights, trillions of eggs and sperm are released, flooding the entire 2,000 kilometre length of the reef. 在每年仅有几个夏夜，由于月球周期的作用,珊瑚虫开始大量产卵。这是世界上最大的同步繁殖盛会，在这些日子的任一个晚上，会排出几万亿颗卵子和精子，蔓延在整个2,000公里的大堡礁。
★★★ spawn
★★★ lull
★★★ sperm
★★★ egg
★★★ fertilize
By spawning at this precise moment the corals have caught a lull in the tide, allowing sperm and eggs of the same species to meet and fertilize. 通过在这个精确的时刻产卵,珊瑚虫在潮水上涨时得以获得机会,让这些卵和精子能够相遇从而受精。
★★★ plankton
The young corals joins billions of other baby creatures floating in the plankton. 幼小的珊瑚虫加入了由数十亿的其他动物组成的漂流大军。
★★ propel
Most reef animals have tiny babies like these, carried at the mercy of the currents. Many have some ability to direct themselves, and even the young corals can swim to a degree, propelling themselves with microscopic hairs. 很多珊瑚礁动物的宝宝都是这么小，在海水中随波逐流，许多宝宝有一定的游动能力来掌握自己的方向，即使是小珊瑚虫也能有限得游动，用微小的触须推动自己前进。
Each one of these could grow into a whole colony and start a new coral reef. 每一个都能长成一个群体，形成一个新的珊瑚礁。
★★ dynamic
★ constant
★★ geology
★ fragile
The reef is a dynamic place, in constant flux, influenced by the forces of geology, weather, wind and waves, the rhythms of the sun and moon. Yet its future depends on fragile young life forms that must survive in the face of these powerful natural forces, and find somewhere safe to settle and grow. 大堡礁是一个有活力的地方,在不断地变化中，受地质力量影响，比如天气,风,浪,还有太阳和月亮的规律。但是它的未来就掌握在这些柔弱的生命手中，它们必须面对这些强大的自然力的考验，找到能定居并且成长的地方。
喜欢
0
赠金笔