加载中…【看纪录片学单词】之《雷克斯海：史前世界》
(2013-04-27 13:47:05)
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【看纪录片学单词】之《雷克斯海：史前世界》
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影片看点：如果你从小迷恋恐龙和各种古生物，那这部影片一定不能错过。逼真的3D特技，精彩的解说，带你回到三叠纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪时期，发掘惊人的海底世界，看强大的蛇颈龙、滑齿龙、鱼龙和沧龙如何在恐龙统治地球之前称霸海底王国。
影片长度：41 分钟
词汇统计：
★ 四级词汇：69 个
★★ 六级词汇：21 个
★★★ 雅思托福及以上词汇：116 个
学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六级、雅思基础词汇，三星的为雅思、托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。#看纪录片学单词# 分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解剧情和背景知识。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，重温重点词汇和好的口语表达以及背景知识，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句（可以打印出来，或者存手机）。
在线观看：http://v.youku.com/v_show/id_XMzgzNjYyMzEy.html
下载地址：http://yunpan.cn/cwqC4qecPYZHY
★ gallery
★★★ quarryman
★ expose
★★ skull
★★ embed
It was in one of the galleries of St Peter's Mount, at about 500
paces from the main entry and at 90 feet below the surface, that
the quarrymen exposed part of the skull of a large animal embedded
in the stone.
这是圣彼得山的一个水平巷道，距主入口约500步远，距地面有90英尺深，采石工发现在一块石头里嵌有一具大型动物遗骨，挖开石头后露出了一部分颅骨。
★ suspend
★★ fossil
★★★ quarry
They suspended their work to tell of their discovery to Dr
Hoffmann, who had for some years been collecting fossils from the
quarries.
他们停下活儿，把这个发现告诉了霍夫曼博士，霍夫曼博士常年从采石场收集化石。
★★★ specimen
★ precaution
★ preserve
Dr Hoffman, observing the specimen to be the most important that
had yet been discovered, took every precaution to preserve it in
one piece.
霍夫曼博士说这是迄今发现的最重要的标本，他采取一切预防措施以保证标本完好无损。
★ surround
★ triumph
After having succeeded in removing a large block of stone
surrounding it, and reducing the mass to a proper condition, it was
transported to his home in triumph.
在成功移开标本周围的一大块石头，并切除多余石块减轻重量后，东西被成功运至他家。
★★★ crocodile
★ whale
★ jaw
★ identity
Some thought it was a crocodile. Others believed it to be a
whale. Neither the shape of its teeth nor the size of the jaws
helped them to determine its true identity.
有些人认为是鳄鱼，也有人认为是鲸。它牙齿的形状和颌的大小都无法帮助他们确定它的真实身份。
★★★ intrude upon 闯入，打扰
★★★ mademoiselle
★★★ reptile
★ marine
My apologies for intruding upon your thoughts, mademoiselle,
but, strictly speaking, only reptiles that walked on dry land are
called "dinosaurs". If they lived under the water, they are called
marine reptiles.
很抱歉打断你的想法，小姐。严格地说，只有在陆地干地爬行的爬行动物才叫恐龙，如果它们生活在水下，就叫海洋爬行动物。
★★★ reptile
★★★ cataclysm
★★★ asteroid
★ diameter
And reptiles were kings in all the seas as well. But then came a
great cataclysm from outer space. An asteroid 1 2 miles in diameter
struck the Earth.
爬行动物也是所有海洋的国王，可后来从外太空降临了一场大灾，一颗直径12英里的小行星撞击了地球。
★★★ asteroid
★ massive
★ impact
★★★ unleash
★★ drastically
★★ perish
This asteroid's massive impact unleashed the power of more than
1 00 atomic bombs. The sky went dark, and the Earth's climate
changed drastically. 70 per cent of all life on the planet
perished.
小行星释放出的巨大威力相当于100多个原子弹的力量，天空一片漆黑，地球气候剧烈变化，地球上70%的生命消失了。
★★ reign
★★★ reptile
And, with the end of the dinosaurs, it was also the end of the reign of the reptile in the sea world. 这是恐龙的末日，也是爬行动物海洋统治期的末日。
★ blink
★ instant
★★★ geological
--- Modern humans, like you and I, only appeared barely 200,000 years ago. In comparison to the age of the Earth, that's a blink of the eye. 像我和你这样的现代人类20万年前才出现，相对于地球的年龄，这是眨眼工夫。
--- 200,000 years? 20万年前？
--- An instant, in geological time. 在地质时期上，这是一瞬间。
★★★ microscopic
Earth forms four and a half billion years ago. Then life appears
but remains microscopic for three billion years.
地球形成于45亿年前，而后生命出现，但以微生物形式存在了30亿年。
★★★ spiral
★ primary
★ era
★ evolve
In this time spiral, only the last turn interests us that leads
to our time. Let's consider this as a 1 2-hour clock. 540 million
years ago, at 2 o'clock, the Primary Era begins. Life grows and
evolves in every environment.
这个时间螺旋，只有最后一旋使我们感兴趣，它通向我们的时间，我们把这想象成个时钟，那么5.4亿年前，相当于2点，古生代开始了，生命在各个环境中生长，进化。
★ era
★★★ Mesozoic
★★★ reptile
At 7.30 the Secondary Era, or the Mesozoic, begins. It is the
age of reptiles. 7点30，第二纪，也叫中生代开始，这是爬行动物的时代
★ era
★★★ Cenozoic
★★★ mammal
★★★ Homo sapiens
★★★ miniscule
The next and last era, the Cenozoic, is the age of mammals. On
this clock, Homo sapiens, our miniscule species, appears just eight
seconds before 1 2.
下一个也是最后一个是新生代，这是哺乳动物时代，在这个时钟上，人，我们这微小物种，只比12点早了8分钟出现。
★★★ Mesozoic
★★ ecological
★★ extinction
★ marine
★★★ reptile
The Mesozoic takes place between the two major ecological crises
that led to the extinction of many species on Earth. The largest at
7.30, and the last, right there, at 1 0.50. That one caused the
extinction of the dinosaurs and large marine reptiles.
中生代介于两大生态危机之间，危机导致地球上许多物种灭绝，最大那起在7点30，最后那起就在10点50处，这引起了恐龙和大型海洋爬行动物的灭绝。
★ bacteria
★ evolve
★ visible
★ naked eye
★★★ soft-bodied
organism
Life on Earth starts in the water, as bacteria, 3.5 billion
years ago. Slowly, this micro-life evolves. Then, 650 million years
ago, life becomes visible to the naked eye, soft-bodied organisms.
35亿年前，地球生命以细菌的形式起源于水，慢慢地，这微型生命进化了。而后，6.5亿年前，生命可以为肉眼所见，即软体动物。
★★★ morphological
★ considerable
★★★ amphibian
★★★ terra firma
The following 400 million years bring with them an explosion of
life. New morphological forms appear, reaching considerable sizes.
And, finally, amphibians follow fish with feet to conquer terra
firma.
接下来的4亿年前，迎来了生命爆发期，新形态形式出现，生命体积可观，最后，跟在鱼类后的两栖动物出现脚，征服了陆地。
★★★ reptile
★★★ Paleozoic
★ burst
★★ biodiversity
300 million years ago, the first reptiles appear on land. And in
the sky, the wingspan of some insects reaches over three feet. By
the end of the Paleozoic, the land and the seas are bursting with
life. It is the golden age for biodiversity.
3亿年前，第一批爬行动物出现在陆地上，天空中，某些昆虫的翼展达到3英尺多。到古生代末，陆地和海洋满是生命，那是生物多样性的黄金时代。
★★ gigantic
★★★ cataclysm
★★★ exterminate
★ species
★★ extinction
But this period ends with gigantic cataclysms, which exterminate
up to 95% of the species, the largest extinction of all time.
但这个时期以大灾难告终，灾难灭绝了95%以上的物种，是有史来最大的一次灭绝。
★ enormous
★★★ predator
★ persist
★★★ mollusc n.软体动物
--- 95%
--- You're right, my dear. And most of the world's great
predators have disappeared. But life persists. And in the seas many
fish and molluscs remain.
说的对，亲爱的，大多数大型食肉动物都消失了，但生命继续着，海洋里，许多鱼类和软体动物还在。
★★★ reptile
★★ reign
★★★ ichthyosaur
★★★ plesiosaur
★★★ paddle
★ limb
★★★ mosasaur
★★★ undulate
--- What about the marine reptiles? 海洋爬行动物呢？
--- Their reign begins now. Three different groups, one after
the other, will rule the world's oceans. First the Ichthyosaurs,
that use their tails to swim.
有三个不同类别，一个接一个统治世界海洋,第一是鱼龙，用尾巴游。
--- Like a fish?
--- Much like a fish. And then the Plesiosaurs, that use their
four paddle-like limbs to fly through the water. And next, the
Mosasaurs, that use an undulating movement similar to... to a
snake.
很像鱼，而后是蛇颈龙，用桨似的四肢在水里“飞行”。而后是沧龙，波状移动，类似…类似于蛇
★★★ Mesozoic
★★★ Triassic
★★★ Jurassic
★★★ Cretaceous
★★★ Ichthyosaur
And these animals ruled the seas for 1 80 million years,
throughout all three Mesozoic periods, Triassic, Jurassic and
Cretaceous. From the early Triassic period onwards, Ichthyosaurs
are the kings of the seas.
这些动物统治海洋长达1.8亿年，贯穿中生代三个时期，三叠纪，侏罗纪和白垩纪。从三叠纪早期往后，鱼龙统治海洋。
★★★ Triassic
★ flourish
★★★ reptile
★ marine
★ thrive
★ plentiful
In the middle Triassic, it's hot and dry on land with little to
eat. In the sea, life flourishes again. Several reptile species
have returned to the marine environment, thriving on the plentiful
food supply.
在三叠纪中期，陆地上又热又干，没什么食物。海洋里，生命再次勃发，几类爬行物种又回到海洋环境，靠丰富的食物供给繁荣。
★★★ tanystropheus
★ proportion
★★★ placodont
★★★ mollusc
The Tanystropheus hold a world record. In proportion to their
bodies, they have the longest necks ever recorded. With its flat
teeth, this Placodont mostly eats seashells and molluscs.
长颈龙拥有一项世界纪录，与身体比例相比，它们的脖子在所有记载里最长，这个盾齿龙有扁平的牙齿，主要以贝克和软体动物为食。
★★★ mixosaurus
Over 1 3 feet long. Very dangerous, and an excellent swimmer.
But it has no chance of catching up with a Mixosaurus.
13英尺多长，异常危险，游泳强手，但它可没机会追上混鱼龙。
★★★ ichthyosaur
★★★ shonisaurus
★★★ mollusc
There are also some very large Ichthyosaurs, some measuring up
to 75 feet long and weighing 50 tons! Like the Shonisaurus, the
biggest of them all. Like all Ichthyosaurs, it lives in groups and
mainly eats molluscs and small fish.
也有大型鱼龙，一些长达75英尺，有50吨重的。比如沙尼龙，是其中最大的和所有鱼龙一样，它们群居生活，主要吃软体动物和小鱼。
★★★ palaeontologist
★★★ specimen
★ fossil
Well, let's hear from an expert, the palaeontologist Ryosuke
Motani. He has just finished studying some very fine specimens from
a famous fossil site in Germany.
我们听听古生物学家藻谷良介的解释,他刚研究完德国一出名化石点的一些很精致的标本。
★★★ ichthyosaur
★ fossil
★ intact
★★★ imprint
★★★ fin
Many Ichthyosaur fossils have been found at Holzmaden with their
bones intact and even with the imprint of their skin on the rock,
which helped us to know the position of their fins.
许多鱼龙化石都发现于霍尔茨玛登，骨骼完好无损，石块上甚至还有皮肤印迹，这帮助我们辨识它们鳍的位置。
★★★ ichthyosaur
★ fossil
★ preserve
★★★ foetus
Some Ichthyosaur fossils are so well preserved that we can
actually see foetuses inside the mother's bodies, and some even
being born.
有些鱼龙化石保存得如此完好，我们甚至可以看见母体内的胎儿，有些正在出生。
★★★ ichthyosaur
★★★ doughnut-shaped
★ withstand
Another one of the Ichthyosaur's characteristics are its huge
eyes, protected by doughnut-shaped bones able to withstand extreme
water pressure.
鱼龙的另一特征是眼睛巨大，由面包圈状的骨骼保护，可以承受极端水压。
★★★ Jurassic
★★★ ichthyosaur
★★★ ophthalmosaurus
★ proportion
★★ prey
A Jurassic lchthyosaur, the Ophthalmosaurus, stands out in the
animal kingdom as having the largest eyes in proportion to its
body. With these enormous eyes, it could make out its prey in the
darkness of great depths.
侏罗纪时代的一种鱼龙，大眼鱼龙，在动物王国尤为突出，因为与身体比例相比，它的眼睛最大。这些大眼睛，使它们在黑暗的海洋深处看清猎物。
★★★ ichthyosaur
★★ extinct
★★★ Cretaceous
Strangely enough, the Ichthyosaurs became extinct in the middle
of the Cretaceous, despite their amazing adaptation to sea life.
奇怪的是,鱼龙在白垩纪中期灭绝了,尽管它们惊人地适应海洋生活。
★ gallery
★★★ Mesozoic
★★★ marine reptile
Here we are in London, in one of the most beautiful galleries
devoted to Mesozoic marine reptiles. Nathalie Bardet is currently
the French expert on these animals.
此刻我们在伦敦，这是最美的，中生代海洋爬行动物展览馆之一，法国专家娜塔莉·巴德目前在研究这些动物。
★★★ Jurassic
★★ marine reptile
★★★ plesiosaur
★★★ pangea
★ drift
★★★ humid
During the Jurassic period, a new group of marine reptiles takes over, the Plesiosaurs. At the beginning of the Early Jurassic, Pangea has started to break up and drift apart into different pieces. It is still hot, but the climate is becoming much more humid. Such conditions are perfectly suited to the development of life all over the world. 侏罗纪时期，海洋爬行动物的一个新类，蛇颈龙，占了上风。在早侏罗纪开端，泛古陆开始分裂并逐渐漂散成为好几块，天气还很热，但潮湿多了，这些条件特别适合生命在全世界繁衍。
★★★ paddle
★★★ plesiosaur
With their four strong paddles, Plesiosaurs soon become the new
kings of the seas. 凭借四只强壮的“桨”，蛇颈龙很快成为海洋新国王。
★★★ megalosaur
★★★ lizard
★★★ carnivore
★ appetite
The first dinosaur to be named is Megalosaurus, which means
"great lizard" in Latin. A well-deserved name for a 30-foot-long
carnivore with a huge appetite.
第一只被命名的恐龙叫斑龙，拉丁文意思是巨大的蜥蜴，对于一头30英尺长，胃口极大的食肉动物，这个名字很相称。
★★★ mollusc
★★★ ammonite
★★★ belemnite
★★ unprecedented
★★★ predator
Molluscs like ammpredatoronites and belemnites experience an
unprecedented growth and are on the menu of most marines.
菊石和箭石这些软体动物
★★★ stegosaurus
★ contemporary
With large, bony plates on its back, the Stegosaurus, a three-ton plant-eater, is a contemporary of the very first birds. 背上有巨大骨质板的剑龙，3吨重，食草动物，与早期鸟类属同一时代。
★★★ liopleurodon
★★★ court
Here is a pair of Liopleurodon. The male is attempting to court
the female.
★ consciousness
--- What happened? 怎么了？
--- It seems that upon separating she has accidentally injured
his eye. The pain has made him lose consciousness for a while.
好像是分开时她不经意弄伤了他的眼睛，疼痛使他暂时失去知觉。
★★★ Jurassic
★ era
★ territory
At the end of the Jurassic Era, its territory spanned from
Europe to South America. 侏罗纪时代末，它的地盘从欧洲跨到了南美。
★★★ mesosaur
★ virtual
★★★ aquarium
Indeed we have found on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean
identical fossils of this animal. But considering the small size of
the Mesosaurus, like the one we have here in this virtual aquarium,
it is obvious they were much too small to cross an ocean as vast as
the Atlantic on their own.
我们确实在大西洋两侧发现这种动物的相同化石，但考虑到中龙的小体积，就像这个虚拟水族馆里的这样
★★★ inescapable
The conclusion is inescapable: if they did not cross the ocean,
then the very continents that contained their fossils must have
separated.
这必然得出结论：如果它们没横渡海洋，那么这拥有它们化石的大陆，肯定是分离了。
★★★ Jurassic
★★★ Leedsichthys
★ approximately
The Jurassic was the age of giant animals. The Leedsichthys is
approximately 1 00 feet long, probably the largest fish of all
time. 侏罗纪是巨型动物的时代，利兹鱼将近100英尺长，或许是有史以来最大的鱼。
★★★ plesiosaur
★★★ gulp
★★★ gastrolith
★ digestion
--- What are these long-necked Plesiosaurs called? 这些长颈蛇颈龙叫什么？
--- Those are Elasmosaurs. They're gulping down gastroliths, stones they swallow in order to help their digestion. 它们是薄板龙，它们在吞食胃石,用来帮助消化吞咽的石头。
★★★ kronosaurus
★★★ liopleurodon
★ food chain
30 million years later, Kronosaurus took Liopleurodons' place at
the top of the marine food chain. Kronosaurus remains were first
discovered in Australia during the 1 930s.
3千万年后，克柔龙取代了滑齿龙，居海洋食物链顶端，克柔龙遗骨最先发现于澳大利亚，在20世纪30年代。
★★ skull
★ jaw
★★★ dagger
A 1 3-foot-long skull with 1 0-foot jaws, armed with dagger-like
teeth. 13英尺长的颅骨，10英尺长的颌，装备有匕首似的牙齿。
★★★ marine reptile
★★★ plesiosaur
★ magnificent
★★ dwell
★ massive
★★★ paddle
Marine reptiles' remains have been found on every continent, particularly those of Plesiosaurs. Up to 46 feet in length, they were magnificent ocean-dwelling reptiles that flew gracefully through the water with four massive paddles. 海洋爬行动物遗骨在每块大陆都有发现，尤其是蛇颈龙的，它们长达46英尺，是壮观的海洋爬行动物，靠四只巨型“桨”优雅地在水里“飞行” 。
★★★ Cretaceous
★★★ Mesozoic Era
★★★ mosasaur
★ interior sea
★ retreat
The Late Cretaceous is the very last period of the Mesozoic Era,
and it is the age of Mosasaurs. The land masses of the Earth have
nearly reached their present positions. The interior seas of the
Americas retreat but Europe is still partly covered by shallow
waters.
白垩纪后期是中生代最后一段，是沧龙的时代，地球陆地块几乎到达如今的位置，美洲的内海退去，但欧洲仍有部分为浅水覆盖。
★★★ mollusc
★★★ predator
As has been the case for millions of years, molluscs are still a
favorite meal for most predators.
软体动物仍旧是大多食肉动物的最爱，上千万年来一直如此。
★★★ Cretaceous
★★★ plesiosaur
★ dispute
--- So, the Plesiosaurs are still around in the Cretaceous? 那么白垩纪时还有蛇颈龙？
--- Indeed, there are some. But they are no longer at the top of
the ocean's food chain, a place now disputed by the two greatest
predators of this era.
确实还有一些，但它们不再居于海洋食物链顶层，那位置现在被这时代两个最大的食肉动物争夺。
★ distinct
★★★ edge
★ opponent
--- But the shark is never going to measure up to that! 可那鲨鱼绝对敌不过这个！
--- We can't be too sure. You see, it has a distinct edge over
its opponent. The shark doesn't need to come up to the surface to
breathe, so...
我们不能太肯定，瞧，它比对手有个明显优势，那鲨鱼不需要到水面呼吸，所以…
★ thoroughly
★ classify
★★★ comparative
anatomy
This skull was the first great fossil ever to be thoroughly studied by scientists, who found it quite difficult to classify this creature. But it was Georges Cuvier who would provide the solution based on comparative anatomy. 这颅骨是第一块被科学家彻底研究的巨大化石，他们发现很难把这个生物归类，不过是乔治·居维叶提供了解法，基于比较解剖学。
★★★ reptile
★★★ mosasaur
★★★ lizard
★★ extinct
The reptile from the Meuse River, the Mosasaur, was a giant sea
lizard, a close relative of the monitor lizards. But this species
became completely extinct before the dawn of time.
来自默兹河的爬行动物，沧龙，是巨大的海蜥蜴，巨蜥的近亲，但这一物种在时代开始前就完全灭绝。
★★ hypothesis
★★★ cataclysm
★★★ palaeontology
And so the Mosasaur helped to support Cuvier's hypothesis that
several universal cataclysms occurred on Earth in the distant past.
And thanks in part to this large animal, Georges Cuvier is
recognised today as the father of palaeontology.
因此沧龙支持了居维叶的假说，即几场宇宙大灾发生在地球上，发生在遥远的过去，某种程度上多亏这大型动物，如今乔治·居维叶被视为古生物学家之父。
★ equivalent
★★★ mosasaur
This large predator truly is the marine equivalent of the famous T. rex. The Mosasaur will become the last ruler of the ancient seas. 这大型食肉动物真是著名的雷克斯暴龙的海洋版。沧龙将成为古海洋的最后统治者
★ fossil
★ successive
★★ epoch
★ formation
Without fossils, no one would have ever dreamed that there were successive epochs in the formation of the earth.要不是有化石，没人会想到地球形成前后经历了多个时期。
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