加载中…【看纪录片学单词】之《蝴蝶的神奇之旅》
(2012-12-12 20:21:49)
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【看纪录片学单词】之《蝴蝶的神奇之旅》
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内容提要：每年，100万只帝王蝶开始了穿越北美的伟大旅程。这些美丽的生物飞行2000哩到达它们的遥远的目的地：墨西哥山地高处的一小块区域。如今科学家依然苦苦思考蝴蝶是怎么完成这极大的忍耐力壮举的，年复一年，帝王蝶非常精准的导航。作为36个月的见证者，NOVA节目组跟随帝王蝶飞行，目睹了雄伟的拍摄地，沿途遇到的危险。这次旅程揭示出帝王蝶为生存而作的鼓舞人心的奋斗是科学上的一个奇迹。
影片长度：53 分钟
词汇统计：
★ 四级词汇：66 个
★★ 六级词汇：20 个
★★★ 雅思、托福及以上词汇：45 个
学习指南：以下单词均出自影片台词，前面标一星的为四级词汇，二星的为六级、托福词汇，三星的为托福及以上词汇。大家根据自己的考试要求选择性学习。【看纪录片学单词】可分三步进行，第一步：把影片完整看一遍，可看中文字幕，了解剧情。第二步：看一小段，然后对照下面的单词进行学习。学完以后进行第三步，即再次把影片从头到尾看一遍，注意那些重点词汇和好的口语表达，最后还需反复浏览以下这些词句（最好打印出来，或者存手机）。
在线观看：
下载地址： http://yunpan.cn/cwqCLz3gcm8FC
★★ profound
★ mystery
★★★ transcontinental
★★★ odyssey
It's one of the most profound mysteries in the natural world. An amazing transcontinental odyssey. 这是自然界最大的谜团之一,这是横跨大陆的冒险旅程。
★ migration
★★★ monarch
butterfly
The migration each year of millions of monarch butterflies from Canada, across America, to Mexico. 成千上万的帝王蝶每一年都要,从加拿大出发,横跨美国,迁徙至墨西哥。
★★★ caterpillar
★ blossom
★ delicate
★★ feat
★ endurance
Starting from a tiny caterpillar, blossoming into a beautiful butterfly, these delicate creatures will fly thousands of miles in a feat of endurance and navigation unlike anything else in nature. 由一只小毛毛虫，日渐蜕变成美丽的蝴蝶，这些精巧的生物以持久的耐力，和精确的方向感飞行数千英里，这在自然界中独一无二。
★★ landmark
Somehow they're recognizing landmarks, or following streams, or following the sun or following something. 它们以独特的方式辨认路标，沿行洋流，追随太阳，或者其它导向物。
★★ dazzle
★★★ millennia
★ stagger
Butterflies have dazzled humans for millennia. It's a beautiful little creature, and on top of that, it migrates 2,000 miles. And this just staggers the mind. 几千年以来蝴蝶一直让人们心醉神迷，最重要的是，这种纤巧美丽的生物，竟然能够飞行两千英里，这足以让人叹为惊止。
★ magnificent
I think the monarch butterfly is one of the most magnificent animals in the world.
我认为帝王蝶是世界上最不可思议的动物之一。
★ unfold
★★★ be destined to
On a late August morning just north of Lake Huron in Canada, a miracle of nature is about to unfold. This tiny caterpillar is destined to become a monarch butterfly.
八月末的一个早上，在加拿大休伦湖北部，一个自然界的奇迹即将发生。这小小的毛毛虫，注定要成为一只帝王蝶。
★ transformation
★ shed
In one of the most amazing transformations in the animal world, the caterpillar will outgrow and shed its skin four times. 这是动物界最神奇的蜕变，毛毛虫在不断生长的过程中会蜕四次皮。
★★★ caterpillar
★★★ chrysalis
The fifth time, the caterpillar disappears. It's transformed into a chrysalis, a delicate case within which a completely new being takes form. 第五次，毛毛虫消失了，它变成了一个蝶蛹，精致的丝团里正孕育着一个全新的生命。
★ astonishing
Every year, about 100 million of them begin an astonishing migration.
每一年，大约有一亿只帝王蝶要进行惊心动魄的迁徙。
★★ offspring
Their offspring-- the third generation-- completed the last leg
of the journey to Canada, also surviving only about a month.
它们的后代
★★★ epic
But the fourth generation will live almost nine months. And they'll fly all the way back to Mexico in one epic trip. 但是第四代能够存活九个月，它们会一路飞回墨西哥，这是一段规模宏大的旅程。
★★★ elude
It's an amazing natural cycle that, so far, eludes explanation.
这是一个至今还未破解的奇妙自然周期。
★★ trigger
★★★ exodus
The mystery starts at the very beginning of the trip, because no one knows exactly what triggers the exodus from Canada. 这个谜团始于迁徙刚刚开始的时候，因为没有人知道到底是什么原因，驱使它们成群离开加拿大。
★★★ trek
When the monarchs leave Canada, they have a 2,000-mile trek ahead of them, at least.
当帝王蝶离开加拿大后,它们至少要跋涉两千英里。
★★ hatch
They're freshly hatched butterflies, they've never taken a long flight in their lives, and they're on their way to an area that they've never seen before. 它们是刚刚破茧的蝴蝶，此生还从未进行过长途飞行，现在它们正飞向一片未知之地。
★ span
★ inch
★ ounce
A monarch's wingspan is just under four inches. And they weigh less than one-fifth of an ounce. 帝王蝶的翅膀宽度不足四英寸,它本身的重量也不超过0.2盎司。
★★★ marathon
So how they survive their marathon migration is another mystery. 它们是怎样熬过漫长艰辛的迁徙，这又是一个谜团。
★★★ sluggish
★★ flap
They only fly when conditions are perfect. If it's too cold, they get sluggish and can't flap their wings. If it's too hot, they stop flying, so they don't get over-heated. 它们只在天时地利都绝好的时刻飞翔，如果太冷，它们就萎靡不振，无法拍打翅膀，如果太热，它们就不飞翔，以免身体过热。
★★★ nectar
★★★ lurk
They must also stop often for nectar and water. But every time they land, there can be enemies lurking. 它们也经常停下来，采集花蜜，补充水分，但是每次它们着陆，都可能遇着潜伏的敌人。
★ deadly
Bad weather is also the monarch's enemy. A rainstorm can be deadly.
恶劣的天气也是帝王蝶的敌人，暴风雨对它们的打击是致命的。
★ fragile
The physical effort this requires is remarkable for a creature so small, with such fragile wings. 对于这种只拥有脆弱翅膀的弱小群体来说，这样的飞行需要非同寻常的体力付出。
★ helicopter
★ compensate
★★★ inadequacy
★ soar
Every time they flap their wings, they're using energy at least 20 times the rate
than when they're not flapping it. So they're just burning their fuel up at a great rate, much like, say, a helicopter might. And so, they have to compensate for their inadequacies by soaring. 它们每一次拍动翅膀，所用的能量，至少是休息时的二十倍，所以它们是在剧烈消耗生命的能量，可以说就像直升飞机耗油一样，因此，它们利用滑翔来补偿先天的不足。
★★ gliding
★ expand
★ column
★★ thermal
Soaring is gliding in rising air, much like I'm doing right now. The sun heats the ground, the ground heats the air above it. As the air heats, it expands and becomes lighter, and begins to rise. And pretty soon, you have a column of rising air. That's a thermal. 滑翔就是利用了上升气流来飞行，就像我现在所做的，太阳烤热了大地，大地又使上方的空气增温，空气变热后就会膨胀变轻，然后就开始上升，很快，就会有上升的空气聚集起来，这就形成了暖气流。
★ maintain
★ altitude
★★ maneuver
★★ hawk
★★★ vulture
Under good conditions, you can maintain the altitude you're at, or even can gain altitude. A more helpful maneuver is to circle in it. And you see hawks doing this and vultures doing this all the time. 状况好的话，你就可以保持飞行高度，甚至可以飞得更高，更好的方法就是在暖气流中盘旋飞行，你可以发现老鹰经常这样飞行，秃鹫也是。
★ geographic
★★★ hurdle
★ constantly
★ shift
On the shores of the Great Lakes, just days into their journey, the monarchs face their first geographic hurdle. Miles of open water and constantly shifting winds.
旅程的若干天之后，在五大湖的岸边，帝王蝶碰到了它们的第一个地理障碍，连绵数英里的开阔水域，还有不断变化的风向。
★ barrier
As the monarchs are migrating out of Canada, they hit the Great Lakes, which are a barrier. They can't see across them. 帝王蝶由加拿大迁徙而出，随后遇到五大湖这个障碍，这片水域它们无法一眼望穿。
★★★ headwind
If wind from the south, a headwind, threatens to blow them off course, they stop and wait. 如果风朝北吹，变成逆风，就会使它们偏离正确的方向，它们就驻足等待。
★ ultimate
★ destination
The ultimate destination of their incredible journey is a tiny area about 60 square miles, and 10,000 feet high in the mountains of Mexico. 这场神奇旅程的终点，是一片六十平方英里的小区域，坐落于墨西哥山区一万英尺的地带。
★ soul
★★★ departed
For those who live here, it's our belief, from when I was a child, we would say they were "The souls of our departed loved ones." 对于世居在此的我们来说，这就是我们的信仰，从打小起，我们就说："蝴蝶是逝去亲人的灵魂"
★★★ altar
★ ancestor
Every year I make an altar. We put these things here because when our ancestors were alive, this is what they liked. 我每年都会做一个祭坛，我们把这些东西供奉在这里，因为这是我们的祖先生前，所喜爱的东西。
★ preserve
is one of Mexico's best-loved writers. He grew up in these hills and has fought to preserve them for monarchs. 是墨西哥最受欢迎的作家之一，他生长于这片群山之中，并努力为帝王蝶保护好这里。
★★ spectacle
★ plain
Every year, we came with the schoolchildren. And for us, it was one of the most fantastic spectacles of the year to go to the plain of the Mule to see the butterflies. 每年，我们都和学生一起来，对我们来说，去米尔平原观赏这些蝴蝶，这是一年中最奇妙壮观的场景。
★ spontaneous
And for us, it was a spontaneous miracle to see butterflies here, in the Cerro del Campanario. 对我们来说，在坎帕纳里奥峰地区看到蝴蝶，简直就是天然的奇迹。
★ specific
★ angle
★ propose
★★★ magnetic field
★ subtle
★★ orientation
One theory is that the butterflies navigate by following a specific angle of the sun in relation to the earth. Another theory proposes that the earth's magnetic field may provide a subtle orientation guide.
其中一个理论认为蝴蝶通过遵循太阳与地面的特定角度来定位，另一种理论则假设地球磁场可能提供了一种微妙的指向作用。
★ internal
And recently, biologists discovered specific cells in the
butterfly's brain that regulate their internal clock and help keep
them on course. 最近
★ tag
School children and teachers tag butterflies from all over the Northeastern United States. The tags don't hurt the butterflies, and don't affect their ability to fly.
学校的孩子和老师们给来自美国东北部的蝴蝶贴上标签, 标签并不会伤害到蝴蝶,同样也不会影响到它们的飞行能力。
★ trace
★ reveal
tracing back the information on the tags helps reveal their flight path, and their traveling speed. 追溯标签上的信息就能帮助人们发现它们的迁徙路线以及飞行速度。
★ outcome
And one of Taylor's tagging experiments had a surprising outcome.
泰勒的其中一个标签实验，有了让人意想不到的结果。
★ transfer
★ initially
★ release
We ran some experiments a few years ago. So we took butterflies,
and we transferred them to Washington, D.C., and initially, when we
released them in Washington, D.C., they behaved as if they were
still in Kansas. 几年前
★ displaced
★★★ reorient
Amazingly, after a few days,the displaced monarchs somehow reoriented themselves and changed course to a strong southwest heading. 奇妙的是，几天之后，错位的帝王蝶能重新定位，并改变路线，完全朝西南方向前进。
★ acquire
★★★ celestial
★ magnetic
★ integrate
★★★ remodel
★★★ physiology
★★★ vector
This butterfly is acquiring celestial information, perhaps magnetic information,
and it's integrating those and remodeling the physiology of the system to have a different vector, to have a different direction from where it came from. 此种蝴蝶以某种方式接收了天体信息，可能是磁力信息，它们通过整合信息，调整生理系统，来转变路线，从而使方向与出发时截然不同。
★ migration
★ flock
By late September, about a month into the migration, the monarchs are gathering into huge flocks. 九月末，大约是迁徙后的一个月，帝王蝶开始成群结队汇聚在一起。
★★★ sanctuary
In 1986, the Mexican government protected some sections of these mountains as official sanctuaries for the butterflies for the winter months. 1986年，墨西哥政府将山中的一些区域列为官方保护区，保证蝴蝶能安然度过冬天。
★★ patrol
★★★ logging
Mexican police patrol the forest, but have not been able to stop illegal logging.
墨西哥警方会巡视森林，却无法杜绝违法伐木。
★ destruction
The World Wildlife Fund pays villagers to try to stop the destruction, but they are no match for the dangerous forces at work. 世界野生动物基金付钱，让村民阻止这种破坏行为，然而相对于非法伐木的危险分子，他们根本毫无还手之力。
★★★ clandestine
Logging is clandestine and involves dangerous people. So you cannot go around telling the world about it. 从事秘密伐木作业的都是些危险人员，所以你根本就不敢去举报他们。
★ preserve
Who would allow their children to die of hunger? We know that it's important to preserve the forest for the butterflies. But because of our need, we have not been able to do it. 谁会让自己的孩子饿死呢，我们明白，为蝴蝶保留森林的重要性，但是我们也有需要，所以我们无能为力。
★★★ hectare
★★★ level
We're talking about hundreds of hectares of forest being leveled and then burned.
我们想说
★★★ elude
I have been told that the reason they burn them after they log them is, "To destroy the evidence that they cut them," which sort of eludes my thinking, completely.
他们告诉我，之所以砍伐之后要烧毁树木，是为了"销毁他们曾伐木的证据"，这让我完全不能理解。
★ small-scale
★ capacity
Even this small-scale logging operation is destroying the capacity of the monarchs to use those sites. 即使是如此小范围的伐木作业，也破坏了帝王蝶的栖息环境。
★★★ sanctuary
★ shrink
With the sanctuaries shrinking, an unusually cold winter in Mexico can be a disaster for the butterflies. 随着保护区面积的不断减小，在墨西哥境内，某个异常寒冷的冬天，对蝴蝶来说就是场灾难。
★ border
It's the middle of October. The butterflies are almost to the Mexican border.
十月中旬，蝴蝶差不多该到达墨西哥边境了。
★ scatter
★ flock
They started the migration scattered across thousands of miles of the Northeastern U.S. and Canada. But at this point, they're flying together in a huge flock, only 50 miles wide, for the final leg south. 在最初的迁移中，它们会分散着飞过美国东北部和加拿大几千公里的路程，但是在这，一个宽度仅50公里的地方，它们将聚集成群，向南迁徙最后一程。
★★★ zoologist
★ extensive
For over 30 years, Texas zoologist Bill Calvert has conducted extensive field studies of the migration. 30年以来，德克萨斯州动物学家比尔·卡尔弗特，在众多领域对这种迁徙行为进行了研究。
★★★ secluded
At the end of the day, Calvert decides to take one more look in a secluded corner of the woods. 傍晚时，卡尔弗特决定，再去看一眼树林中一处隐蔽的角落。
★★ dazzle
★★★ millennia
★ stagger
Butterflies have dazzled humans for millennia. It's a beautiful little creature, and on top of that, it migrates 2,000 miles. And this just staggers the mind. 几千年以来蝴蝶一直让人们心醉神迷，最重要的是，这种纤巧美丽的生物，竟然能够飞行两千英里，这足以让人叹为惊止。
★★★ treacherous
★★★ scorching
★★★ towering
★★★ navigate
The butterflies have been traveling for six weeks from Canada. But they still face the most treacherous part of the journey. They must fly over hundreds of miles of scorching desert and navigate the towering Sierra Madre Mountains. 从加拿大而来的蝴蝶已经持续飞行了六个多星期，但是它们仍将面临旅途中最危险的一程，它们必须飞过几百公里灼热的沙漠，并且沿着高耸的马德雷山脉前行。
★ take advantage
of
We take advantage of the months that the butterflies are here to earn our living.
我们会利用蝴蝶在这的几个月时间来谋生。
★★ rejoice
Millions of them arrive over the next few days, and the people rejoice.
接下来几天，还有数百万只蝴蝶将到来，人们开始狂欢了。
★★ huddle
★★ cluster
★ cling to
Now, with their long journey finally behind them, the monarchs
rest. They huddle together in huge clusters, and cling to the trees
for warmth. 现在
★★★ nectar
They'll leave the trees occasionally to feed on nectar and water. But they return to these clusters and stay here for almost five months. 它们偶尔会离开树木，采集花蜜，补充水分，但是它们会回到这些蝶簇中，大约待上五个月。
★ bloom
When spring arrives, the butterflies bloom again.
春天来临的时候，蝴蝶再次活跃起来。
★ mate
Most of these monarchs will travel back to Texas. There they will stop to mate.
它们中的大多数还会回到德克萨斯州，他们会在那停留并交配。
★★★ fertilized
Each female will lay 300 to 400 fertilized eggs. 每只雌蝶会产下300到400枚受精卵。
★★ hatch
When the new generation hatches, it will keep flying north, mating along the way.
当新一代帝王蝶孵化后，它们将继续北飞，并在路途中交配。
★★★ miraculous
And almost a full year since the migration began, that special fourth generation of monarchs will be born in Canada. And miraculous migration will begin again. 大约是迁徙开始的一年后，特殊的第四代帝王蝶，在加拿大出生，之后，神奇的迁徙之旅将再度开始。
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