初中英语语法——动词不定式专项练习
(2019-01-09 09:20:12)
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初中英语教学八年级上期末复习语法专练 |
分类: 试题 |
初中英语语法——动词不定式专项练习
动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是to+do;其否定形式是not to+do。
下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。
1.作主语
动词不定式可以直接作主语。
如:To see is to believe.
但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。
如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people.
规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is +adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is +n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。
2.作宾语
a.want,decide ,agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。
如:We agreed to start early.
She wants to be a doctor.
b.love,like ,begin,start,hate ,prefer等词后面可以接不定式。
规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。
注意:like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。
如:I like swimming,but I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。
c.stop,forget,remember,go on ,try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。
规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。
注意:1)stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。
stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。
例句:When the teacher came in,the students stopped talking.
当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话。
When he came out,the students stopped to talk.
当老师走出去时,学生们开始说话。
2)思考:forget,remember,go on,try等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?
d.在find/feel+it+adj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
如:The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep.
I feel it easy to recite the text.
规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。
3.作宾语补足语
a.tell,ask,want,order,teach,invite,warn,wish,help,get,wish,help等词后面常接不定式作宾补。
如:I tell him not to go there by bus .
Edison's mother taught him to read and write.
b.let,make,have,see,hear,feel,watch, notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
如:The boss makes them work 16 hours a day.
I heard her sing in the next room.
注意:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。
如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss.
She was heard to sing in the next room.
4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面。
例句:I have a lot of work to do.
规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。
注意:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。
如:I have a small bedroom to live in.
Have you got some pens to write with?
5.表语:放在连系动词be后面
例句:His wish is to become a scientist.
The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。
规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。
6.作状语
a.目的状语:放在go,come,use,live,in order等词后面。
如:I come to see you.
He runs fast in order to get there in time.
b.原因状语:放在sorry,glad,surprised, disappointed,excited等词后面。
如:I am glad to see you here. I am sorry to trouble you.
c.作结果状语。
如:Some of the apples are hard to reach.
The room is large enough to hold 1000 people.
7.与what,who,whose,when,where, how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。
如:I don't know what to do next.(宾语)
He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)
It's still a question how to get there.(主语)
练习:
一、选择填空
1. Don't forget _________ the letter.
A. to send B. send C. sending D. being sent
2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________.
A. sit B. sit on C. be sat D. be sat on
3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow?
A. this B. that C. it D. which
4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smokes D. smoke
5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it.
A. boiling B. boiled C. boil D. to boil
6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday.
A. be cleaning B. to be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned
9. The first thing I want to do is __________.
10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much; otherwise I would have been drunk.
A. not to drink B. to drink C. not drinking D. drinking
11. He is not old enough ________ to school.
A. to go B. go C. going
12. People must stop ________down trees.
A. to cut
13. Mike managed to give up _________.
A. to smoke B. smoking C. smoke
14.
A.
15.
A.
16. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick.
A. to feel
17. The doctor asked Mary ________the medicine three times a day.
A. not to remember taking
C. not to remember to take
18. His job is________ the students’
A. organize B. to organize C. organizing D. organized
19. What about_______ a letter to your friend on the Internet?
A. try sending
20. It is impossible ________.
C. for me go to bed early
21. Could you tell me _______ work out the problem?
A. how
22. I saw a little boy________ a kite yesterday afternoon.
23. His jokes made us all _________.
24.
A. help B. helping C. to help D. helps
25. He promised__________ me a nice car.
A. buy B. to buy C. bought D. to have bought
26. I used to______ in the countryside, now I am used to_____ in the city.
A. living; live
27. The detective is busy_______ clues and he has _______ some valuable proof.
A. looking for; find
C. looking for; found
28. All of us found it difficult _________ the math problem.
二、用动词不定式或ing分词填空。
1. I enjoy_________(sing).
2. What do you want________
3. I learnt ________
4. I was very upset and started
5. I hope _______
6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest
7. Have you finished _________ (mop) the floor?
8. He was very angry and refused ________
9. Where is Lily? I need ________
10. I am too fat, so I have decided _________
三、中译英
1. 保护老人是我们的职责。
2. 开个派对这幢房子够大了。
3. 听到这件事,我们都很吃惊。
4. 她气得说不出话来。
5. 我不知道该怎么告诉他这个消息。

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