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初中英语语法——动词不定式专项练习

(2019-01-09 09:20:12)
标签:

初中英语教学

八年级上

期末复习

语法专练

分类: 试题

初中英语语法——动词不定式专项练习

动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句中不能独立作谓语。但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词特征,在句中可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语和状语等多种成分。另外,动词不定式具有动词特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,组成动词不定式短语。动词不定式的肯定形式是todo;其否定形式是not todo  

下面以动词不定式在句中的作用来予以详细说明。  

1.作主语       

动词不定式可以直接作主语。

如:To see is to believe       

但在英语中,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语即动词不定式放在后面。

如:It's wrong to play tricks on other people

    It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy      

规律:动词不定式在句中作主语时,常放在It is adj.(形容词)+to do sth.或 It is n.(名词)+to do sth.句型中,it仅作形式主语。      

2.作宾语        

awantdecide agree等动词后面跟并且只能跟不定式。

如:We agreed to start early             

She wants to be a doctor        

blovelike beginstarthate prefer等词后面可以接不定式。             

规律:上述动词后面除接不定式外,还可以接动名词,意思无很大区别。           

注意like doing指经常性动作,而like to do指一次性的动作。

如:I like swimmingbut I don't like to swim now.我喜欢游泳,但我现在不想游。

cstopforgetremembergo on try等词或短语后面可以接不定式。            

规律:上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。            

注意1stop to do sth.:停止一件事,去做另一件事。

        stop doing sth.:停止正在做的事。    

例句:When the teacher came inthe students stopped talking.

当老师走进来时,学生们停止说话

When he came outthe students stopped to talk

当老师走出去时,学生们开始说话。            

2)思考:forgetremembergo ontry等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别?

d.在findfeelitadj.+to do sth.句型中,it是形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。

如:The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep       

I feel it easy to recite the text     

规律:某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语,又可接动名词作宾语,二者用法上的区别可以通过造句子加以区分,如上面stop例句。      

3.作宾语补足语       

atellaskwantorderteachinvitewarnwishhelpgetwishhelp等词后面常接不定式作宾补。

如:I tell him not to go there by bus 

    Edison's mother taught him to read and write

bletmakehaveseehearfeelwatch notice后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。

如:The boss makes them work 16 hours a day

I heard her sing in the next room   

注意:若变成被动语态,在上述结构中,不定式符号to要加上。

如:They are made to work 16 hours a day by the boss       

She was heard to sing in the next room      

4.作定语:放在被修饰的名词、代词后面         

例句:I have a lot of work to do

      The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy

规律:动词不定式若在句中作定语,常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。          

注意:如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系,若动词是不及物动词,切记不要忘掉介词。

如:I have a small bedroom to live in         

Have you got some pens to write with      

5.表语:放在连系动词be后面           

例句:His wish is to become a scientist

   The first important thing is to save the soldiers' lives.当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。

规律:动词不定式在句中作表语时,通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。     

6.作状语          

a.目的状语:放在gocomeuselivein order等词后面。

如:I come to see you

    He runs fast in order to get there in time         

b.原因状语:放在sorrygladsurprised disappointedexcited等词后面。

如:I am glad to see you here            I am sorry to trouble you  

c.作结果状语。

如:Some of the apples are hard to reach  

    The room is large enough to hold 1000 people       

7.与whatwhowhosewhenwhere how等疑问词连用,作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。

如:I don't know what to do next.(宾语)

    He taught us how to use the computer.(宾语补足语)

    It's still a question how to get there.(主语)

 

 

 

练习:

一、选择填空

1. Don't forget _________ the letter. 

A. to send      B. send      C. sending      D. being sent 

2. The chair looks very old, but in fact it is very comfortable to _________. 

A. sit          B. sit on     C. be sat        D. be sat on  

3. Is ______ necessary to return the book tomorrow? 

A. this         B. that       C. it           D. which 

4. I'm afraid they would not allow him ________ here. 

A. to smoke     B. smoking   C. smokes      D. smoke 

5. Mother told me ________ the water before I drank it. 

A. boiling       B. boiled    C. boil          D. to boil 

6. On my way home, I stopped _______ some food. 

A. buy         B. to buy     C. buying       D. bought 

7. John was made _______ the car for a week as a punishment. 

A. to wash      B. washing   C. wash        D. to be washing 

8. The sitting-room needs _______, but it'll have to wait until Saturday. 

A. be cleaning    B. to be cleaned    C. clean      D. being cleaned 

9. The first thing I want to do is __________. 

 A. visit to him   B. to visit him    C. visiting him    D. visited him 

10. Li Yang advised me _________ too much; otherwise I would have been drunk. 

A. not to drink    B. to drink    C. not drinking    D. drinking

11. He is not old enough ________ to school.       

A. to go        B. go         C. going        D. goes

12. People must stop ________down trees.       

A. to cut       B. cutting      C. cut          D. cuts

13. Mike managed to give up _________. 

   A. to smoke     B. smoking      C. smoke       D. smoked

14. I am sorry to have kept you ________ for such a long time.        

A. to wait       B. waiting      C. wait       D. waited

15. She has a nice voice. I often hear her________ in the morning.        

A. singing      B. to sing       C. sing         D. sang

16. I don’t like traveling by boat, it always makes me ______sick.        

A. to feel         B. feeling        C. felt         D. feel 

17. The doctor asked Mary ________the medicine three times a day.       

A. not to remember taking          B. not to forget taking       

C. not to remember to take          D. not to forget to take 

18. His job is________ the students’ meetings. 

 A. organize    B. to organize    C. organizing    D. organized 

19. What about_______ a letter to your friend on the Internet?

   A. try sending    B. try to send     C. trying sending    D. trying to send 

20. It is impossible ________.

    A. for me to go to bed early        B. to me to go to bed early         

C. for me go to bed early          D. to me go to bed early 

21. Could you tell me _______ work out the problem?

 A. how         B. how can I        C. how to         D. how will I 

22. I saw a little boy________ a kite yesterday afternoon.

  A. flew     B. fly      C. to fly     D. flying 

23. His jokes made us all _________. 

    A. to laugh    B. laughing     C. laugh     D. laughing 

24. It’s very kind of you_______ me with my English.

   A. help       B. helping      C. to help    D. helps 

25. He promised__________ me a nice car.      

A. buy     B. to buy      C. bought     D. to have bought 

26. I used to______ in the countryside, now I am used to_____ in the city.

A. living; live     B. living; living      C. live; living      D. live; live

27. The detective is busy_______ clues and he has _______ some valuable proof. 

    A. looking for; find             B. finding; looked for   

C. looking for; found            D. find; looked for 

28. All of us found it difficult _________ the math problem.

   A. work out         B. to work out        C. working out      D. worked out

二、用动词不定式或ing分词填空

1. I enjoy_________(sing).   

2. What do you want________ (do) next ? 

3. I learnt ________ (swim) when I was three years old.  

4. I was very upset and started ________ (cry). 

5. I hope _______ (see) you again soon. 

6. It is a fine day today, so I suggest ___________ (go) for a walk.   

7. Have you finished _________ (mop) the floor?

8. He was very angry and refused ________ (say)anything. 

9. Where is Lily? I need ________ (talk) with her. 

10. I am too fat, so I have decided _________ (take) more exercise.

三、中译英

1. 保护老人是我们的职责。

2. 开个派对这幢房子够大了。

3. 听到这件事,我们都很吃惊。

4. 她气得说不出话来。

5. 我不知道该怎么告诉他这个消息。

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