状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally, our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call. (副词)
2. We worked hard, from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt, I spend an hour working in her house every day. (不定式)
4.  Seen from a distance, the farmhouse looked deserted. (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before.（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。

状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1．时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since, till, until
特殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day

I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2．地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3．原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that 
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that(=since) everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of 1.80 m is quite remarkable.
4．目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：in case, for fear that，in the hope that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice in order that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5．结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that
特殊引导词：such that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
He was excited to such an degree that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6．条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7．让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is bad.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8．比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; as …as…; no … more than; not so/as ...
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
(Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。)
9．方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in Rome, do as the Roman do.
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.

10.   状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍。

11. 状语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1) 当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时, it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2) 当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a. 连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b. 连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c. 连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d. 连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e. 连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。

f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意: 当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over, ...)

巩固练习
I . 填入适当的引导词

1. I haven’t heard from him _____ he went to America.

2. He won't be here _____ he is invited.

3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy.

4. We found the key _____ she had left it.

5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away.

6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left.

7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman.

8. He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand.

9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test .

10. She sang ______ she went along .

II. 改错

1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can.

2. Since her husband had died, so she had to support her family.

3. He won't go out until his mother will come.

4. He was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam.

5. Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home.

6. It was three months since he came to our school.

7. The playground of our school is larger than their school.

8. The streets in Nanjing are wider than Shanghai.

9. Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain , the fields are green.

10. She sings songs as if she is a bird.

11. Is this the watch for which he is looking now?

12. This is all which I can do for you.

13. Do you know the old man at the back of the room, whom has been chosen head of the factory.

14. I want to know the way which you learn new words.

15. Can you tell me that there’s a bookstore near here?

16. Our school quite different from that it was before.

17. If she likes the present is not clear to me.

18. For she is ill, she hasn’t come to school.

19. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale.

20. He is cleverer than any boy in his class.

III. 找出从句并指出是那类从句

1. It depends on whether we have enough time.

2. The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored.

3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be.

4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all.

5. He was not the man that he was before.

6. Now you was free, why not go swimming with us?

7. Where there are schools and colleges, there are examinations.

8. Bad habits, once formed, are difficult to give up.

9. She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does.

10. The moment he opened the window, a bird flew in.

IV. 填入适当的引导词完成句子

1. ______ will do the experiment comes to the professor’s office.

2. _________ will do the experiment hasn't been decided.

3. The teacher didn’t leave _________ twelve o'clock.

4. __________ the day went on , the weather got worse.

5. __________ she is young , she knows quite a lot.

6. It worried her a bit __________ her hair was turning grey.

7. You will be late ___________ you leave immediately.

8. Go and get your coat. It’s ____________ you left it.

9. ________ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing.

10. __________I entered the room, the phone rang.

V. 选择填空

1. I’ll let you know ____ he comes back.

　A. before        B. because       C. as soon as      D. although

2. She will sing a song ____ she is asked.

  A. if            B. unless        C. for            D. since

3. We will work ____ we are needed.

  A. whenever     B. because       C. since          D. wherever

4. Read it aloud _____ the class can hear you.

  A. so that        B. if            C. when          D. although

5. _____ you go, don't forget your people.

  A. Whenever     B. However      C. Wherever       D. Whichever

6. It is about ten years _____ I met you last.

  A. since         B. for           C. when          D. as

7. They will never succeed _____ hard they try.

  A. because       B. however      C. when          D. since

8. _____ she was very tired, she went on working.

  A. As           B. Although       C. Even          D. In spite of

9. Busy _____ he was, he tried his best to help you.

   A. as           B. when          C. since           D. for

10. I learned a little Russian _____ I was at middle school.

   A. though       B. although       C. as if            D. when

11. _____ the rain stops, we’11 set off for the station.

   A. Before        B. Unless        C. As soon as        D. Though

12. She was _____ tired _____ she could not move an inch.

 A. so, that        B. such, that      C. very, that        D. so, as

13. We didn’t go home _____ we finished the work.

 A. since         B. until          C. because          D. though

14. Speak to him slowly _____ he may understand you better.

　  A. since        B. so that        C. for              D. because

15. When you read the book, you’d better make a mark _____ you have any questions.

  A. at which        B. at where      C. the place       D. where

16. We’d better hurry ______ it is getting dark.

  A. and            B. but          C. as             D. unless

17. _____ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.

  A. Every time      B. Though        C. Even          D. Where

18. _____ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.

   A. Much          B. However        C. As            D. Although

19. The history of nursing _______ the history of man.

   A. as old as       B. is old than        C. that is as old as        D. is as old as

20. _____ born in Chicago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.

   A. Since          B. Once           C. When              D. Although

21. _____ David goes, he is welcome.

　A. Whichever       B. However       C. Wherever        D. Whatever

22. The house stood _____ there had been a rock.

   A. which          B. at which        C. when            D. where

23. The piano in the other shop will be _____, but _____.

   A. cheaper; not as better                 B. more cheap; not as better

   C. cheaper; not as good                  D. more cheap; not as good

24. John plays football _____, if not better than, David.

   A. as well           B. as well as       C. so well         D. so well as

25. Although he is considered a great writer, ____________.

   A. his works are not widely read             B. but his works are not widely read

   C. however his works are not widely read      D. still his works are not widely read

26. ___ the day went on, the weather got worse.

   A. With             B. Since           C. While            D. As

27. —What was the party like?

　 —Wonderful. It’s years _____ I enjoyed myself so much.

   A. after            B. when            C. before            D. since

28. It was not _____ she took off her dark glasses _____ I realized she was a famous film star.

　　A. when; that      B. until; that         C. until; when        D. when; then

29. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _____ great it is.

   A. what           B. how              C. however          D. whatever

30. _____, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.

  A. However late is he  B. However he is late  C. However is he late D. However late he is

31. He will come to call on you the moment he ____ his painting.

   A. will finish        B. finished         C. has finished        D. had finished

32. It was ____ that she couldn’t finish it by herself.

  A. so difficult a work  B. such a difficult work　C. so difficult work  D. such difficult work

33. I won’t believe you_______ I have seen it with my own eyes.

　A. before           B. until             C. after             D. when

34. She will find him a kind man when she _________him.

　 A. knows　　      B. know　　         C. will know　　      D. is going to know

35. I’ll go for a walk with you if it ______ tomorrow?

A. won’t rain　　B. doesn’t rain　     　C. will rain             D. rain