初中英语语法——形容词/副词专练

1. 形容词，副词比较级和最高级的概念。

形容词和副词可以靠改变形式来表示程度的不同。我们把这种变化形式叫做比较等级。要比较两个或两个以上的人或物时，就必须用形容词的比较级和最高级。

形容词、副词有三个级：原级(Positive Degree)，比较级(Comparative Degree)和最高级(Superlative Degree)。

 2. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成。

单音节和少数双音节形容词、副词的规则变化情况：

a. 在原级的词尾加-er变为比较级，加-est变为最高级。

e.g.  short(原级)---shorter(比较级)---shortest(最高级)    

long(原级)---longer(比较级)---longest(最高级)

b. 如原级以e结尾，则比较级只加-r，最高级只加-st。

e.g.   large---larger---largest   nice---nicer---nicest

c. 如原级以“辅音字母+y”结尾，要将y改为i，再加-er，-est。

e.g.   busy---busier---busiest    easy---easier---easiest

d. 原级以重读闭音节结尾，而且末尾只有一个辅音字母(不含字母组合er等)，要双写这个辅音字母，再加-er，-est。e.g.    fat---fatter---fattest   big---bigger---biggest

 大多数双音节和多音节形容词、副词的规则变化，是在原级前加more变成比较级，加most变成最高级。e.g.   beautiful(原级)---more beautiful(比较级)---most beautiful(最高级)

interesting(原级)---more interesting(比较级)---most interesting(最高级)

有少数形容词,副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的。这些单词的变法需要大家识记。

e.g.    good---better---best,     bad / ill--- worse---worst,      many /much ---more ---most

little---less---least,  far---farther/ further ---farthest/ furthest,   old---older/elder---oldest/eldest

 要注意old和far的比较级和最高级有两种不同的形式，它们的意思也不同。

old---older较旧，较老---oldest最旧，最老/      old---elder较年长---eldest最年长

  far---farther较远---farthest最远(指距离)/      far---further进一步---furthest最深(指程度)

 3. 形容词及副词比较级的用法和相关句型。

表示两者“相等”, 用“as+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象”。

e.g.   He is as tall as his mother．      She runs as fast as you.

表示“不如”或“不相等”用“not +as／so+形容词/副词原级+as+比较对象”。

e.g.  It is not so／as cold today as yesterday．    I can’t speak English as well as Tom.

用“形容词/副词比较级+than引导的从句”进行两者的比较。

e.g.   The earth is bigger than the moon．        She dances better than Mary.

表示“最......之一”，用“one of the 形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of （比较范围）”

e.g.  China is one of the oldest countries in the world.

表示“比任何一个都要......”，用“形容词/副词比较级than any other +单/复数名词+in/of （比较范围）”。

e.g. Your brother is smarter than any other student(s) I know.

My friend gets up earlier than any other boy(s) in his class.

由and连接同一个形容词或副词的两个比较级，可以表示“越来越……”。

e.g.   I’m getting fatter and fatter．         He runs faster and faster.

用“the+比较级…, the+比较级…”，表示“越……就越……”。

e.g.  The more you read，the more knowledge you will get．

     The less junk food you eat, the healthier you are.

强调比较级超出比较程度时，比较级前可用much，far，a lot，still，no，a little，even，any等状语来修饰。

e.g.   My brother is much older than I.        I jump a little farther than you.

 表示倍数，如“一半／两倍/3倍／4倍／……”等, 用“half／twice／three／four times +as…as…”结构。

e.g.   I study twice as hard as you．      This room is three times as large as that one.

 

 

 

练习：

一、划出下列句子中的形容词和副词

1. He made a terrible noise with the drum.

2. This story is about a young man.

3. He worked hard at his lessons.

4. He was too busy.

5. He didn’t have time to rest, so he was ill.

6. When you reach one thousand, you'll be asleep.

7. I had to get up early and then drank some tea.

8. He is very strong and healthy.

9. The child said proudly.

10. She answered shyly.

二、写出下列形容词与副词的比较级与最高级形式：

　　long _________ ______　　 wide _______ _______ 　　　thin _________ _______

　　heavy ________ ______ 　　slow _______ _______　　　 few___________ _______

　　short ________ ______ 　　badly ______ _______　　　  far __________ _________

quickly ______ ______　　 happy ______ _______　　　 careful ________ _________

little ________ _______    hot _________ _______       healthy ________ ________

三、用所给词的正确形式填空：

1. She will be much ______ (happy) in her new class.

2. The short one is _______ (useful) of the five.

3. His sister is two years _______ (young) than him.

4. This ruler is twice as ______ (long) as that.

5. The _____ (cheap) bags are usually the best ones.

6. Gold(黄金) is much ______ (expensive) than iron(铁).

7. The boy is not so ______ (interesting) as his brother.

8. Jack sings ___ (well), he sings ____(well) than Tom, but Mary sings____(well) in her class.

9. Of the three girls, I find Lucy is _______ (clever).

10. John’s parents have four daughters, and she is _____ (young) child.

11. Almost all the students’ faces are the same but Deming looks ____ (fat) than before the holidays.

12. Saturday is my _________ (busy) day in a week.

13. Her mother is getting _________ (fat) and ________ (fat).

14. I think it’s too expensive. I’d like a _________ (cheap) one.

15. I feel much ______ (well) today.

四、选择填空：

1. Of the five toys, the child chose__________.

A. the expensive one                  B. one most expensive　

C. a least expensive                   D. the most expensive one

2. Which do you like _____, coffee, tea or milk?

　　A. well 　　　B. better 　　　C. the better　　　　 D. best

3. Our country is becoming ______.

　A. more beautiful and more 　　　　　B. more beautiful and beautiful

　C. more and more beautiful 　　　　　D. more beautiful and more beautiful

4. The earth is _____ the moon.

　A. 49 times as big as　B. 49 times as bigger as　C. as 49 times big as　D. as big as 49 times

5. This kind of drink is different ______.

　A. and it is also better　　　　　　 B. and better than the other

　C. but also than others 　　　　　　D. from the other, and better

6. Would you please say it ____________? I still can’t follow you.

A. more slow          B. much slow      C. more slowly        D. much slowly

7. The box is ______ heavy. I can’t move it.

A. much          B. more         C. enough          D. too

8. Her brother is _______ than she.

   A. older seven year      B. seven year older     C. seven years old     D. seven years older

9. The_________ you stand, the _________ you can see.

A. high; far          B. higher; farther         C. highest; farthest       D. taller; further

10. I will try to make _________ mistakes in the future.

    A. less               B. more               C. fewer             D. much

11. This question is ________ more difficult than that one.

A. rather             B. quite              C. very              D. a little

12. --30,000 dollars is a lot of money.   

--But it’s ______ than we need. The house is too expensive now.

A. far more            B. very much          C. far less               D. very little

13. --The sick grandmother was getting _________ day by day.  --I am sorry to hear that.

A. worse               B. ill               C. better                  D. well

14. --Things are getting ______ every day.       --Yes, that’s great.

A. good and good       B. well and well      C. more and more       D. better and better

15. When they met in the hotel, they talked and laughed ________________.

A. happily              B. happy           C. happier             D. happiest

五、翻译句子：

1、他比我大两岁。　　He is _____ ______ ______ than I.

2、今天比昨天冷得多。　　It is _____ ______ today______ it was yesterday.

3、这个故事不如那个有趣。　　This story is _____ _____ _____ as that one.

4、她的身体一天天好起来。　　He is getting _____ ______ ______ every day.

5、他对英语越来越感兴趣。　He is becoming _____ ______ _______ ______ ______ English.

6、他吃的越多，就越胖。　　The ______ he eats the _______ he is.

7. 她看起来不如玛丽年轻。 She doesn't look __________ _________ __________ Mary.

8. 杰克的父亲比母亲大一岁。 Jack's father is _______ _______ _________ than her mother.

9. 我们的教室比他们的明亮得多。 Our classroom is ___________ ___________ than theirs.

10. 当心！这条路越来越危险。 Look out! The road is becoming _____ and _______ ________.

11. 你喜欢哪种动物，猫还是狗？ Which animal do you like __________ , a cat or a dog?

12. 本书跟那本书一样有趣。  This book is ________ _____________ _________ that one.

13. 你游泳没有你弟弟好。  You can’t swim ________ _________ __________ your brother.

14. 北方的天气比南方的冷得多。  

The weather in the north is  _________  __________  ________  ______ in the south.

15. 对这个故事我比另一个喜欢得多。 This story is _______ _______ _______ than that one.