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above与over用法辨析

(2012-02-28 15:52:52)
标签:

杂谈

分类: Vocabulary

一、两者均可用的场合
(1) 当表示垂直在上的正上方时,两者均可用,不表示正上方用above。如:
A lamp was hanging over [above[ the table. 电灯悬挂在桌子上方。
Wild geese were flying above [over] the lake. 野雁在湖上飞翔。

They built a new room above [over] the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。
(2) 当用作副词且与and, or连用,表示“……以上”时,两者均可用。如:
You get an A grade for scores of 75 and over [above]. 75分或75分以上的分数就是优等。
Big-screen TVs are defined as 27 inches or above [over]. 在屏幕电视是指27英寸或更大的电视。摘自英语词汇网

二、通常用above的场合
(1) 当不是表示垂直在上的上方时,通常用above。如:
We’ve got a little house above the lake. 我们在湖边高坡上有一所小房子。
(2) 当表示温度、高度以及有纵向可比标准时,通常用above。如:
Today’s temperature is 10 degrees above zero. 今天气温是零上10度。
The town is 2,000 feet above sea level. 这座城市海拔2,000 英尺。

三、通常用over的场合

(1) 表示覆盖意义时,通常用over。如:
Spread a cloth over the table. 在桌上铺一块桌布。
(2) 表示横过或越过时,通常用over。此时也可用across。如:
There is a bridge over the river. 河上有一座桥。摘自英语词汇网
The terrorists escaped across [over] the border. 恐怖分子越过边境逃走了。
(3) 当表示数量的“多于”,含有类似more than的意思时,原来可用over,也可用above。但在现代英语中,通常只用over。如:
The blue whale grows to over 30 metres long. 蓝鲸可长到三十多米长。
Over 100 burglaries are reported every month, and that’s just the tip of the iceberg. 每月报案的入室盗窃案超过百起,而这只不过是已知的一小部分。
(4) 涉及速度时,若要表示“高于”“多于”,通常用介词over。如:

At the time he was diving at over 100 mph. 这时他的车速为每小时一百多英里。
(5) 涉及年龄时,若要表示“高于”“多于”,通常用介词over。此时也可用past。如:
She didn’t marry until she was over fifty. 她直到五十多岁才结婚。
No tickets are needed for people over 65. 六十五岁以上的人无需购票。
I don’t know how old he is, but he looks well over [past] forty. 我不知道他多少岁,但是他看上去有四十多岁了。
注:有时也可用above,尤其是与the age of连用时。如:
We cannot accept children above [over] the age of 10. 我们不能接受10岁以上的儿童。

四、see above与see over摘自英语词汇网
在书或文章中,see above的意思是“见前文”“见上文”,see over的意思是“见下一页”,两者意思几乎相反,注意不要弄混。如:
See above, page 97 见前文,第97页。
See over for further information. 详情请见下一页。

五、over and above

over and above为习语,意为“此外”“另外”,与in addition to同义。如:
There are other factors over and above those we have discussed. 除了我们所讨论的之外,还有其他因素。
The city has spent $2 million over and above budgeted funds for the new stadium. 该市建这座新体育场的费用超出了预算资金200万美元。摘自英语词

-------------------

above and over     

                    
1、  Above and over can both be used to mean 'higher than'.  用来表示'高于' 
     The water came up above/over our knees.(水漫过膝盖)
     Can you see the helicopter above/over the palace?(你能看见宫殿上的直升飞机吗)
 When the meaning is 'covering' or 'crossing', we usually use over.
 意思是'covering覆盖' or 'crossing穿越'时,通常用over
     The plane was flying over Denmark. (飞机正飞过丹麦)
     Electricity cables stretch over the fields. (电缆横越那片田野)
     There's thick cloud over the South of England. (密云笼罩南英格兰)

 2、  With numbers, and expressions of quantity or measurement, it is  more common to use over (='more than').
有数量词,通常更多用over(= more than)
       There were over 100,000 people at the pop festival.(有十万多人参加流行乐会)
       You hare to be over 18 to see this film.(未满十八不得观看)
    But above is used when we think about measurement on a vertical (up and down) scale.
但是说到上下范围的数量,就用above
       The temperature is three degrees above zero.(温度是零上三度)
       She's well above average (= 'the middle of the scale') in intelligence.(她好于平均智商)(=中等)
    Heights of land are given above sea-level. Compare the uses of over and above in the following example.
地面的高度用above sea-level(高出海平面)。比较over和above的用法,见下例句。
      The summit of Everest is over 8000 metres above sea-level.
       (= 'more than 8000 metres higher than sea-level')
喜马拉雅山顶峰超过海平面八千多米。(高于海平面八千多米)


Note In a book or a paper, see over means 'look on the next page'; see above means 'look' at something written before'.
注意在书里或文件里,see over意思是“见下一页”;see above 意思是“见上文”
    For other meanings of over, see a good dictionary.
over的其它意思,参见好的词典。

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