Unit 13 Things going wrong

words and expression_rs

Part I Damage and loss

1.       Damage  n.u. harm or injury

l        *The storm did a lot of damage to the crops

l        Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.
Recent discoveries about corruption have done serious damage to the company's reputation.
The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain damage.

                                                                 i.              v.= harm

l        *The earthquake damaged several buildings.

Many buildings were badly damaged during the war.

 

2.       Loss   n. C or U] when you no longer have something or have less of something:

loss of income/memory
blood/hair/weight loss

be at a loss to not know what to do or say
[+ to do sth] I'm at a loss to explain his disappearance.

Lose    v. (lose-lost-lost)

She lost a leg in a car accident.
I hope he doesn't lose his job.
He lost his mother (= his mother died) last year.

(1)            Not win *Chelsea lost by a goal.

 

3.       disaster  n. terrible accident[C] something that causes a lot of harm or damage
floods and other natural disasters

eg. Fires, floods and earthquakes are disasters

[U] an extremely bad situation
The holiday ended in disaster.

 

4.       Responsible  (a.)  with a duty to look after sb / sth

à   be ~ for sth / doing sth

à   be ~ to sb

eg. The driver is ~ for the lives of the people on the bus.

Responsibility  (n.c.) * a sense of ~

Responsibly   (ad.) in a way that shows you have good judgment and can be trusted
to behave responsibly

 

5.       Accident  (n.) sth, often bad happens by chance

à   He had a car / road ~ last week.

à   Accidentally(ad.)=by ~ = by chance

à   I found the key by ~ when I was cleaning the room.

 

6.       flood  n. when a lot of water covers an area that is usually dry, especially when a river becomes too full
The flood destroyed thousands of homes.
a large number or amount of things or people that arrive at the same time

a flood of letters/calls

v. If a place floods or is flooded, it becomes covered in water.
[often passive] The town was flooded when the river burst its banks.

 

7.       homeless a.without a place to live
10,000 people were made homeless by the floods.
They're opening a new shelter for the homeless.
homelessness noun [U]

 

8.       poor   a. showing sympathy, not having money/skill, of low quality

a poor dog,  the poor,  poor at spelling,  poor health

poverty  n.

to live in poverty

 

9.       break-in n. when someone forces their way into a building or car, usually to steal something
There has been another break-in at the office.

Break in v. to get into a building or car using force, usually to steal something

Break out

Break away from

 

10.  briefcase n. a flat, rectangular case with a handle for carrying documents, books, etc

 

Part II Asking for help

11.  Emotional  (a.) of the emotions,relating to emotions
a child's emotional development

                                                                 i.              *~ problems / music

Emotion    (n.c.) strong feeling

à   Love, hate, and fear are ~s.

He finds it hard to express his emotions.
She was overcome with emotion and burst into tears.

 

12.  legal  illegal

 

13.  brigade a large group of soldiers

fire brigade UK (US fire department ) noun [C]
an organization of people whose job is to stop fires burning

 

14.  Solicitor  (n.) lawyer who prepares legal documents and gives advice to clients on legal matters. in Britain, a lawyer who gives legal advice and help, and who works in the lower courts of law

 

15.  Counsellor  ( n.)  (Am.E=counselor )

l        adviser who gives professional advice to sb, who is with a problem

à   student ~

Counsel  (v.) gives professional advice

à   The doctor ~ed his patients to drink more water.

à   [+ to do sth] Lawyers had counselled him not to say anything.

(n.u.)

à   He gave us some wise ~.

à   follow sb’s ~

2) a lawyer

 

16.  Financial  (a.) about moneyrelating to money or how money is managed
a financial adviser
She's having some financial difficulties at the moment.

à   a ~ report

à   ~ crisis / difficulties / circles

Finance  (n.)

à   an expert in ~

à   the Minister of F~

financially adverb
Many students are still financially dependent on their parents.

 

17.  Connect  (v.)  join or fix one thing to another

à   A highway ~s two cities.

à   people always ~ Germany with beer.

(1)            be ~ed with

Connection  (n.)

à   have a (no) ~ with / between …

l        *There appeared to be no connection between the two crimes.

 

18.  Loneliness  (n.u.) 孤独, 寂寞

Lonely  (a.)  sad because you are alone, with no friends.

Alone  (a.)  being without anyone or anything else

à   She lives alone in the small town, but she never feels lonely.

 

19.  Practical  (a.) useful ;capable of being used or put into effect

à   *practical knowledge / advice

Practice  (n.)

l        *We must put our plans into practice.

(v.) = practise

 

20.  Upset  (a.)  sad, unhappy,disappointed

à   He was quite ~ when he heard the bad news.

à   My stomach is ~.

v. to make sb. Unhappy

His decision upset a lot of people.

 

21. environment  n.

1.  the air, land, and water where people, animals, and plants live
The new road may cause damage to the environment.

2 [C] the situation that you live or work in, and how it influences how you feel
We are working in a very competitive environment.

 

22.  identification

identity card

identify v. to recognise

 

23.  Arrest  (v.) catch sb who has done sth bad

The police ~ed the thief at last

He was arrested for possession of illegal drugs

*a criminal under arrest (= has been arrested).

一个在押的罪犯

 

24.  Reassure  (v.) to restore confidence to…to say something to stop someone from worrying
[+ that] He reassured me that I would be paid soon.
 *When the child was afraid in the storm, his parents reassured him.

reassurance   
noun [C,U]
something that you say to make someone stop worrying
Despite my repeated reassurances that she was welcome, she wouldn't come.

Assure  (v.)  to cause to feel sure

                       i.              *He assured me that he had finished.

"Don't worry, your car will be ready tomorrow, " the mechanic assured him

assurance   Show phonetics
noun
1 [C] a promise:
[+ (that)] She gave me her assurance (that) she would post the cheque immediately

2 [U] confidence:
He spoke with calm assurance..

.calm a. keep calm

     v. calm down

 

25.  dramatic

drama

 

26.    emergency n. a sudden serious and dangerous event or situation which needs immediate action to deal with it

The door should only be used in an emergency. It’s usually shut.

 

Part III Development

27.  fail v. to not succeed in what you are trying to achieve or are expected to do:

She failed to reach the Wimbledon Final this year.

failure   
noun [C or U]

I feel such a failure (= so unsuccessful).
Their attempt to climb the Eiger ended in failure.
The whole project was doomed to failure right from the start (= It could never have succeeded).

 

28.  expect

expect sb to do

expect that

 

29.  hydrant

fire hydrant no     un [C] (US ALSO fire plug)
a large pipe in the street that firefighters can get water from to use to stop fires burning

 

30.  major a. more important, bigger or more serious than others of the same type:
All of her major plays have been translated into English.
Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay.
There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor.

n. special subject

 

31.  staircase [c]n a set of stairs inside a building usually with a bar fixed on the wall or onto vertical poles at the side for you to hold on to

 

32.  belong vi.

belong to sb (PROPERTY) phrasal verb
to be someone's property:
This book belongs to Sarah.
You shouldn't take what doesn't belong to you.

belongings
plural noun
the things that a person owns, especially those which can be carried:
I put a few personal belongings in a bag and left the house for the last time

 

33.  replace v. to take the place of

 

34.  off adv, adj
not at work; at home or on holiday:
I'm going to take/have some time off to work on my house.
She was off sick last week.
He's off at the moment - can I get him to ring you back?