英语主谓一致备考指要

 

      在英语中，谓语动词要与句子主语一致。一般来讲，主语是复数，谓语动词则用非第三人称单数；主语是单数，谓语动词则用第三人称单数。

      如：(1) All the carpets are made of pure wood.所有的毯子均用纯羊毛做的。

      (2) Is your companion waiting for you?你的同事在等你吗？

      1、有些名词作为主语，在形式上为单数，但谓语动词要用非第三人称单数。

      如：The police are after the thief. 警察在追贼。

      2.有些名词作为主语，在形式上为复数，但谓语动词要用第三人称单数。

      如：Maths is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的课程。

      3.有些名词作为主语，要先判断它们在句子中是单数还是复数，再决定谓语动词是用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数。

       如：（1） Is your family a large one?你们家是个大家庭吗？(family 在本句中是单数)。

       （2）My family get up early on weekdays. 在工作日我家的人起床很早. (family在本句中是复数)。

       4. 如主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with, together with, as well as, but, like, except等引起的短语，谓语动词通常用第三人称单数形式。

       如： Nobody but Xiao Li and Xiao Wang was there.只有小李和小王在那里。

       5.当一个句子有两个主语，而它们又是由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接起来时，谓语通常与最近的主语一致。

       如：Not only you but also he has been to Cairo.你和他都去过开罗。

       6. 其它一些用法：neither of, either of及each of 连接的词组作主语时，句子的谓语动词应是第三人称单数形式，但前两个短语在口语中也可用非第三人称单数形式。

       如：（1）Either of us has learned the new textbook.我们两人都学过这种新教材。

       （2）Neither of you know(s) the answer.你们俩都不知道这个答案。

       7.短语more than one + 名词作主语，谓语动词多用第三人称单数形式，但也有非第三人称单数表达的。

       如：More than one team enter(s) for the relay race.不只是一个队报名参加接力赛。

       8.在百分数、分数等后面，如果跟可数名词，动词用非第三人称单数；如果跟不可数名词，动词用非第三人称单数形式。

       如：55 percent of the students are girls in our school. 我校百分之五十五的学生是女生。

       80 percent of the work has been done.百分之八十的工作已经做好。

       词组one and a half后面虽是复数名词，谓语动词还是要用第三人称单数形式。

       如：One and a half aspirins is left in the bottle.瓶里有一片半的阿斯匹林。

       9.在四则运算中，主语是数词，谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。

       如：(1) Two plus two is four二加二是四

           (2) Two times two is four二乘二是四

       但是用and 连接，谓语动词常用非第三人称单数形式。

       如：Two and two are four二加二是四。

       10.如果一个句子由there或here引起，而主语又不只有一个，那么谓语动词的数由第一个主语的单、复数形式决定：如果第一个主语是单数，那么谓语动词则用第三人称单数形式；如果第一个主语是复数，那么谓语动词则用非第三人称单数形式。

       如：There is a supermarket and many other shops here.这儿有一个超级市场和一些别的商店。

       11.None 作为主语，谓语动词既可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。

       如：None has/have seen the effect of such a sunset.没人见过这种日落的效果。

       12. 在主语从句中，整个句子作主语，一般视 为单数形式，谓语动词也一般用第三人称单数形式。但有时由what引起的主语从句，谓语动词用第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数形式，随意思而定。

       如：(1). What he said is correct. 他说的话是对的。

       (2). What she left me are a few books. 他给我留下的只是几本书。

       13.非谓语动词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

       如：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

       14.表示时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱、距离等的名词作主语，尽管是复数形式，但它们一般作为整体看待，动词一般也要用第三人称单数形。

       如：One hundred li was covered in a single night.

 

       强化训练

       1.Three______ died in the terrible fire in Luo yang last winter.

       A. hundreds people        B. hundred people

       C. hundreds peoples             D. hundred peoples

       解析：选B. hundred一词前面有具体数词修饰时不加-s。

       2. Either you or the president _______ the prizes to these gifted winners at the meeting.

       A. is handing out                  B. are to hand out

       C. are handing out         D. is to hand out

       解析：选D. 当either …or 连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词在人称和数上与后一个主语保持一致。“be+不定式”表示按计划或安排将要发生的动作。

       3. I, who ______ your close friend, will try my best to help you out of trouble.

       A. amB. isC. areD. be

       解析：选A. who 为引导定语从句的关系代词，其先行词是I ,所以谓语动词要用am。

       4. The Olympic Games in the year 2008 ______ in Beijing of China, which ______ known to us all.

       A. is to hold; is              B. is to be held; was

       C. are to hold; is    D. are to be held; is

       解析：选D. 主语the Olympic Games 意为：奥运会，谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式；后半部分为which引导的非限制情定语从句，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

       5. There _____ a lot of rubbish on the floor so I asked Mary to sweep _____ up.

       A. were; it                    B. are; them

       C. was; it                     D. is; them

       解析：选C. there be句型中be动词的单复数取决于其后的主语，a lot of rubbish(不可数名词)，因此后面谓语动词要用单数。

       6. Three million tons of coal ______ every year in the city.

       A. is exploited        B. are exploited

       C. had exploited            D. have exploited

       解析：选A. 主语为coal, 是不可数名词。根据题意，此处要用被动语态。

       7. Stories of the Long March _______ popular with the young people now.

       A. is        B. was        C. are        D. were

       解析：选A. 主语Stories of the Long March 是书名，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

       8. Mathematics _______ the language of science.

       A. are             B. are going to be

       C. is               D. is to be

       解析：选C. 此处mathematics 为学科名词，作主语时谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

       9. Both rice and wheat _____ grown in our country.

       A. is      B. are      C. was      D. were

       解析：选B. both----and---连接两个并列主语时，句子的谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。

       10. ________ either of your parents come to see you recently?

       A. Have   B. Had     C. Has     D. Is

       解析：选C. either 是主语部分的中心词，助动词要与either在数上保持一致。

       11. What the children in the mountain village need ________ good books.

       A. is        B. areC. have         D. has

       解析：选B. what 引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词要根据后面的名词的数来决定，此处要用非第三人称单数形式。

       12. The whole family _______ TV attentively.

       A. are watching             B. is watching

       C. is seeing                   D. are seeing

       解析：选A.此处family指家里的各个成员，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形式。

       13. Nothing but several glasses ________ bought by my fatherthe day before yesterday.

       A. was   B. were   C. have been   D. would be

       解析：选A. 此处nothing句子的主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。

       14. At the bus stop ______ a soldier and two young people on their way to the village.

       A. were        B. was       C. is       D. sits

       解析：选A. 此句为倒装句，句子的主语是a soldier and two young people.

       15. If law and order ______, neither the citizen nor his family is safe.

       A. are not preserved   B. is not preserved

       C. were preserved      D. have not been preserved

       解析：选B. 此处主语law and order 指的是同一个概念，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式.

       16. There ______ little change in that middle school.

       A. have   B. hadC. have been   D. has been

       解析：选D. 此处there be结构中的主语little change是不可数名词。

       17. What such a sunset is ______ strange to us all.

       A. going to be      B. /      C. is      D. that

       解析：选C. 本句是主语从句，缺谓语，所以要用第三人称单数形式。

       18. Seventy-five percent of the earth’s surface ______ with water.

       A. is covered         B. is covering

       C. were covered            D. are covered

       解析：选A. 本句缺谓语，主语percent后面是不可数名词，所以要用第三人称单数形式。

       19. The following ______ some other mental diseases.

       A. being      B. are      C. was      D. were

       解析：选B. 本句的表语是复数形式，所以谓语动词要用非第三人称单数形。

       20. Not only you but also I ______ able to help him out.

       A. are         B. is         C. am         D. were

       解析：选C. 根据就近一致性原则，谓语用am。

       21.“ The Kites” ______ us a story of the kite’s history.

       A. have told   B. tells   C. were toldD. was told

       解析：选B. 本句的主语是书名，从整体考虑，谓语是第三人称单数形。

       22. You and I _____ twin sisters.

       A. were         B. are         C. is         D. am

       解析：选B. 用and连接两个并列主语时，谓语用非第三人称单数形。

       23. A teacher of English and class teacher _______ us something about volunteer workers.

       A are telling           B. is telling

       C. are given          D. were given

       解析：选B. 本句主语是同一个人，谓语用第三人称单数形式。

       24. Thousands of tons of rubbish ________ over a large period of time.

       A. rots away          B. rot away

       C. has rotted away D. are rotted away

       解析：选B. 本句主语是tons, 是复数形式，rot是不及物动词，不可用被动形式。

       25. Mayor as well as volunteer workers _______ the newly-built stadium.

       A. is cleaning         B. are cleaning

       C. were cleaning           D. have cleaned

       解析：选A. 本句主语Mayor是单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。

       26. Many a student ______ something about Abraham Lincoln.        A. have known              B. knows

       C. is known           D. are known

       解析：选B.主语many a student 意思是复数，形式是单数。谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。

       27. The defence works ______ built long ago to keep the enemy away.

       A. were   B. has been   C. had been   D. was

       解析：选D. 主语works 是集合名词，当成整体考虑，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。.

       28.“ Have you all studied the passage‘Using the Mind against Disease’？”

“______ .”

       A. Nobody of us has            B.Nobody of us have

       C. None of us has         D. None of us did

       解析：选C. 因为问句是完成时态，答句要用完成时态回答，另外主语不可用nobody of us.

       29. A group of Italian soldiers ______ quickly towards their position.

       A. were advancing         B. were advanced

       C. was advancing                 D. advancing

       解析：选A. 主语a group of 在本句中表示具体每个人。

       30. Everyone, men and women, old and young ______ sports and games.

       A. is enjoy                           B. were enjoying

       C. enjoys                      D. enjoy

       解析：选C. 本句主语是不定代词everyone，为单数主语，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形。