二、四种密码符号

1、象形符号。象形就是把实物的外形轮廓作为符号，文字像实物的形状，以形表义。例如日、月、山、田、鱼、鸟、火、水、木、果等等。

不以实物整体为形，而是突出其某一特点，以此作为符号，是象形的另一种方法。例如牛、羊突出头部及双角，使名象符号更加鲜明突出。

有的象形是以抽象的形体符号来表达，例如草、木、禾、竹等等。

有的象形符号是采用附托的方式来完成。例如眉的象形将眉毛附托于目上，须的象形将胡须附托于人的面颊之下。

象形是汉字基础。但是用象形符号造字有一定的限度，没法满足记录语言传递信息的需要。象形符号在汉字总量中虽然只占五分之一，但它却十分重要，没有象形符号，就没有指事符号，也不会有会意符号。形声字的声符，也没有了落脚的地方。

4. The Classifications

1. Pictograms.

    Pictograms are the foundation of Chinese characters. Pictogram uses the physical shapes of objects as symbols, which also forms meanings. For example, 例如日 sun、月 moon、山 hill、田field、鱼 fish、鸟 bird、火 fire、水 water、木 wood、果 fruit and so on.

Instead of using the whole physical shape, to highlight its particular characteristics as a symbol is another way of pictograms, such as 牛 cow and 羊sheep.

    Some use abstractly formed pictographic symbols, such as 草 grass,木 wood, 禾grain, 竹 bamboo and so on.

Some use pictographic symbols attached. For example 眉 eyebrow attached to 目eye, 须beard attached to 页 cheek.

Pictographic Chinese characters foundation. But using pictographic symbols coinage within certain limits, can not meet the need to pass the language recorded information. Hieroglyphs of Chinese characters in total, although only one fifth, but it is very important, not pictographic symbols, there is no sign that matter, knowing there will be no symbol. Phonogram sound character, nor a place to stay.