表示一段时间的for和since短语，两者可相互转换。与for, since短语连用的现在完成时态中的动词应为延续性动词。

某些非延续性动词也可以用于现在完成时的句子中，但如果有表示一段时间的状语，这些动词必须用延续性动词代替。如下，

 

 

延续性动词与非延续性动词及其转换

    动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。

    一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。

    表示时间段的短语有:for+一段时间,for 2 years; since从句,since he came here; since+时间点名词,since last year, since 5 days ago; how long; for a long time等。

    例:He has lived here for 6 years.  You can keep the book for 5 days. I stayed there for 2 weeks last year.  How long did you stay there last year?

    二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。

非延续性动词在肯定句中与表示时间点的状语连用，如：two years ago; at 5 o'clock;

例:He died 5 years ago.

    否定的终止性动词可以与表示时间段的时间状语连用。例:I haven't left here for 3 years. I haven't heard from him for 3 weeks.

三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：

leave --- be away,

borrow --- keep,

buy --- have,   

begin/start --- be on,   

die --- be dead, 

finish --- be over,  

join --- be in+组织机构,

be a member of+组织机构,  

open sth --- keep sth open,  

fall ill ---  be ill,  

get up---be up,   

catch a cold --- have a cold,  

come here --- be here,

go there --- be there,   

become --- be,   

come back --- be back,  

fall asleep --- be asleep,  

get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in),  

leave --- be away from,  

get to know --- know,

go (get) out →be out， 

put on→ wear；

catch a cold →have a cold等。   

例:The old man died 4 years ago.  ----The old man has been dead for 4 years.    ---- It is 4 years since the old man died.  ----Four years has passed since the old man died.       

 

He joined the Party 2 years ago.   -----He has been in the Party for 2 years.      I bought the book 5 days ago.  ---- I have had the book for 5 days.

 

 

1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.

      A. has left              B. had left               C. has been away        D. had been away

2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.  

      A. joined                B. have joined              C. have been in         D. have gone to

3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.  

      A . has been open    B. has opened         C. was open            D. opened

4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.  

      A. have made          B. have been            C. made                 D. have become

5. You mustn't ________ until he comes back.    

      A. be away             B. leave                   C. be left                   D. have left

6. The meeting _______ for a week now. 

      A. has finished             B. has ended            C. has been over       D. ended

7. Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years. 

      A. has been in          B. has come to         C. has taught             D. taught

8. Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years . 

      A. has been              B. has become         C. was                    D. became

9. I ______ home for a week.   

      A. have returned     B. have been back        C. returned                D. am returned

10. How long _______ he ________ ? 

      A. died                   B. has, died             C. has, been dead      D. did, died

11. He ______ at eight yesterday afternoon.

      A. slept                  B. was sleeping            C. has sleep            D. had slept

12. He ________ the car for a week.  

      A. bought               B. has bought         C. has had               D. buy

13. -----How long _____ you _____ ill? -----Two weeks. 

      A. did fall               B. have, fell                   C. have, been            D. have, had

14. Since 2000, he _____ his hometown. 

    A. has left               B. has moved away      C. has been away from   D. left

15. I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days. 

      A. borrow               B. keep                   C. take                      D. took

16. The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.  

      A. has stopped             B. stopped                   C. has been               D. is

17. Are you _____ the jacket these days?    

      A. wearing             B. putting on           C. dressing              D. on

18. He ________ for 2 hours. 

      A. got up                B. has got up               C. has been up                D. is up

19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.

      A. is                     B. catches               C. has caught               D. has had

20. ----- How long can I ______ the book?    ------ Two weeks.

      A. borrow              B. lend              C. get                D. keep

 

 

Key:

1---5 D C A B B;  6---10 C A A B C;   11---15 B C C C B;   16---20 C A C D D