II．英译汉的词类转换方法技巧

1.各种词类转换成动词

汉语的动词使用频率比英语高, 所以将英语各种词类转换成汉语动词是最常见的词类转换。如：Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.?
住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。（英语动词只有一个，汉语有5个。）
以下是常见的英语各种词类转换为汉语的动词的情况。
1) The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing.
看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。（名词转为动词）
2) Rockets have found application for the exploration of the universe.
火箭已经用来探索宇宙。（名词转为动词）
3) Everyone in the room was greatly surprised at what he said．
听他一说，房间里的每个人都大吃一惊。（介词转为动词）
4) A force is needed to move an object against inertia.
为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。（介词转为动词）
5) Chemist that he is, Charles is suspicious of all doctors‘ prescription．
查尔斯是位化学家，所以他对任何大夫开的药都怀疑。（形容词转为动词）
6) When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through.
当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。（副词转为动词）
7) In this case the temperature in the furnace is up.
在这种情况下，炉温就升高。（副词转为动词）

2．各种词类转换为名词

1) Most U S spy satellites are designed to burn up in the earth‘s atmosphere after completing their missions.
根据设计，美国大多数间谍卫星要在完成使命后焚毁于大气层中。（动词转为名词）
2) The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.
设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。（动词转为名词）
3) The new contract would be good for ten years.
新的合同有效期为10年。（形容词转为名词）
4) In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.
在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。（形容词转为名词）
5) He is physically weak but mentally sound.
他身体虽弱，但思想健康。（副词转为名词）
6) Supporters of the “nature” theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined．
支持“天性”论的人坚持说，我们生来就具有一定的学习才能，这是由生物因素决定的。（副词转为名词）
7) Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater.
无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。（代词转为名词）
8) The specific resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper.?
铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。（代词转为名词）

3．各种词类转为形容词

1) Given that they’re inexperienced，they‘ve done a good job.
鉴于他们没有经验，干成这样真不错。（名词转为形容词）
2) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study.
学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。（名词转为形容词）
3) Earthquakes are closely related to faulting.
地震与断裂运动有密切的关系。（副词转为形容词）
4) It is demonstrated that gases are perfectly elastic.
已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。 （副词转为形容词）
5) The pressure inside equals the pressure outside.
内部的压力和外部的压力相等。（副词转为形容词）

4. 各种词类转换成副词

1) Below 4℃, water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction.
水在4度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。（形容词转为副词）
2) Only when we study their properties can we make better use of the materials.
只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。（形容词转为副词）
3) I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。（名词转为副词）
4) The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。（名词转为副词）
5) Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface tends to make the steam wet.
加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。（动词转为副词）

III. 英译汉的句子成分转换形式

在很多情况下，英语中不同的句子成分也可以根据翻译的需要进行互相转换；譬如，主语转为宾语，宾语转为主语，主语转为谓语，主语转为定语，状语转为主语等等。下面是一些典型的英译汉句子成分转换模式。
1) As the match burns, heat and light are given off.
火柴燃烧时发出光和热。(主语转为宾语)
2) This sort of stone has a relative density of 2.7.
这种石头的相对密度是2.7。(宾语转为主语)
3) Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp.
应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。(主语转为谓语)
4) Careful comparison of them will show you the difference.
只要仔细把它们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处。(主语转为谓语，宾语转为主语)
5) The baby doubled its weight in a year．
这婴儿的体重一年中长了一倍。(主语转为定语)?
6) Thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast．
成千上万的观众目瞪口呆，心嗵嗵直跳。(定语转为谓语)?
7) The test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks.?
本测验的目的是强化你们过去几个月内所学的知识。(谓语转为表语)
8) Mathematics is well taught at that school．
那个学校的数学教得好。（状语转为主语）
9) The ocean was filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net.
海洋里鱼鳖成群，张网可得。（宾语转为主语）

练习：and的翻译。And在以下各例中，and都不宜译作“和”、“与”、“并且”。
1. He did the work, and he did it very well.?
2. He read for an hour and went to bed.
3. The sun came out and the grass dried.?
4. I went to his house, and he came to mine.?
5. He is so rich and lives like a beggar.?
6. Rust is abrasive and can cause damage to the injection components.?
7. Chemical splashes can cause eye irritation and permanent eye damage.
8. These parts are made of woods or plastics and not metals.?
9. This means drying the oil before it enters the system and, to be sensible, ensuring that the air above the oil is dry.
10. One step more, and you are a dead man.

2. 太阳一出，草就干枯了。
3. 我上他家去，而他却到我家来。
4. 他那么有钱，却生活得像个乞丐。
5. 锈具有腐蚀性，所以能损坏喷射元件。
6. 溶液被用来代替系统中的大量过滤器，以期获得最佳去污效果。
7. 化学制品的溅沫会使眼睛发炎，甚至会造成永久性伤害。
8. 他分析了磷对温度的依赖关系，结果做出了磷的含量随温度的增高而下降的结论。
9. 这些零件是用木材或塑料制成的，而不是金属制成的。
10. 这就意味着在润滑油进入系统之前就要将其擦拭干，明智地说，也就是要确保润滑油上面的空气干燥。
11. 再挪一步，（那么）就要你的命。
12. 他干了这件工作，并且干得挺好。
13. 他看了一个钟头的书，然后就睡觉了。

第七讲　结构调整　顺理成章

VII. 结构调整 顺理成章
考题实例：Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport. （2000）
由于人口的猛增或大量人口流动（现代交通工具使这种方式相对容易）造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新压力。
（结构转换 词序调整 ）
结构调整是英汉互译中的又一常用翻译技巧。由于英汉不同的造句结构和表达习惯，英语中有些句子的词序、语序在译成汉语时，应加以调整，使其符合汉语的表达习惯。如：iron and steel plant钢铁厂，export and import进出口，track and field田径，popular modern songs现代流行歌曲，look right and left左顾右盼，life and death死活，land and water水陆， fire and water水火，hot and cold冷热，heavy and light轻重，old and new新旧，等等。在必要的情况下有时还要打破原文的句式结构，对译文进行结构调整，才能表达清楚，顺理成章。请看下面一道英译汉的原试题：
And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively?
1 2 3
sound than someone who has not had an active mind.?
4
而进入老年以后，惯于多动脑筋而不是少动脑筋的人，其认知能力 要比从不积极动脑子的2 1 3 4
人 更为健全。?
3
句首的And一词承上启下，故译作“而”；doing指的是上文中的to think about things，所以译作“动脑筋”；rather than用以否定其后内容；谓语will go into old age则独立分译出来。原文的1234结构顺序译成汉语之后，变成了2143的顺序。由此可见结构调整在英汉翻译中的重要作用。

II.英译汉结构调整的常用方法技巧

1．顺序法; 即按原文的句子顺序翻译。
1) It was strange that a day of war was a day we stood still. We couldn’t move-that must have been the whole idea-so we had no choice but to watch.?
奇怪的是战争的那天我们却原地按兵不动。我们不能动弹-这就是这次战争的整个含意-除了监视敌人，我们别无他法。
2) Rocket research has confirmed a strange fact which had already been suspected: there is a “high-temperature belt” in the atmosphere, with it center roughly thirty miles above the ground.
火箭研究证实了早就怀疑的这样一个奇异的事实:大气层中有一个“高温带”，其中心在距地面约30英里高的地方。
3) In order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.
为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。

2．逆序法；即颠倒原文的顺序，将句首的内容放到句尾，句尾的内容放到句首。
1)He was dumb-founded at her insistence that he explain where every cent of his allowance had gone．她非要他讲清楚他津贴中的每一分钱都到哪儿去了，他哑口无言。
2)And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way.
敌人吹嘘说能在几小时内就占领该战略要地，可是由于一路受到顽强抵抗，结果甚至连外围地带也没能占领。这一事实使我增强了信心。
3) That our environment has little，if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory．
这种理论的核心是，我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为即使有什么关系的话，也是微不足道的。

3. 时序法；按事件发生时间的先后顺序翻译。
1) We had been dismayed at home while reading of the natural calamities that followed one another for three years after we left China in 1959.
我们于1959年离开了中国。此后，中国连续三年遭到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到这方面的消息时，心情颇为低沉。?
2) It was a keen disappointment that I had to postpone the visit I had intended to pay to China in January.
我原打算在今年一月访问中国，后来我又不得不予以推迟，这使我深感失望。
3) Dr. Smith resumed the activities of anti-cancer experiment begun in 1945 and financed by the Federal government as soon as he snapped from his original disappointment at repeated failures, which had resulted in its forced suspension.
史密斯医生于1945年开始着手由联邦政府资助的抗癌实验。他由于屡遭失败而感到沮丧，被迫终止了实验工作。现在他一重新振作起来，便立即恢复了抗癌实验活动。

4. 拆分法；将句中的插入成分提取出来单独翻译，另起一句放在句末。
1) They, not unexpectedly, did not respond.
他们没有答复，这完全是意料之中的事。
2) Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.
她满以为会有某种奇迹般的解决办法，这显然不合情理。
3) Behaviorists，in contrast，say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other vantages that whites enjoy．
相反，行为主义者认为，成绩的差异是由于黑人往往被剥夺了白人在教育及其他环境方面所享有的许多有利条件。

第八讲　语态转换　约定俗成

VIII. 语态转换 约定俗成

考题实例：The behavioral sciences have been slow to change partly because the explanatory items often seem to be directly observed and partly because other kinds of explanations have been hard to find. （2002）
行为科学之所以发展缓慢，部分原因是用来解释行为的依据似乎往往是直接观察到的，部分原因是其他的解释方式一直难以找到。
不定式 状语从句 被动语态?
考题实例：The role of natural selection in evolution was formulated only a little more than a hundred years ago, and the selective role of the environment in shaping and maintaining the behavior of the individual is only beginning to be recognized and studied. （2002）
自然选择在进化中的作用仅在一百多年前才得以阐明，而环境在塑造和保持个体行为时的选择作用则刚刚开始被认识和研究。
被动语态 词组短语
考题实例：During this transfer, traditional historical methods were augmented by additional methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study. （1999）
在这种转变中，历史学家研究历史时，那些解释新史料的新方法充实了传统的历史研究方法。

英语中的被动语态使用极为广泛，尤其以科技英语最为常见。考试中的阅读内容中有相当量的科技题材，所以翻译题目也往往少不了被动语态的处理。请看下面这道考试中的翻译题。
We were most impressed by the fact that even those patients were not told of their serious illness were quite aware of its potential outcome.?
此题中出现了两处被动语态，前者were most impressed by（被…留下深刻印象）必须进行语态的转换，否则不便于汉语表述；后者were not told也应译成主动形式，而不要译成“没有被告知”；同位语从句前的the fact根据习惯可省略；its指代的是前面的illness，翻译时应明确译出所指代的名词，以免使表达含糊不清。
参考译文：我们感到印象最为深刻的是，那些患者即使没人告知其病情的严重性，他们对自己病情的潜在后果也一清二楚。
或：那些患者即使没人告知其病情的严重性，他们也知道自己的病情可能产生的后果。我们对此印象颇深。

II. 翻译被动语态的常用方法技巧

被动语态 增词法汉语中的被动结构不那么常用，因为从习惯上讲，汉语中的“被”、“遭”、“受”、“挨”等字眼总是给人以不那么舒服的感觉，因此在英汉翻译时，我们应尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。请看下面这一典型译例：
原文：As oil is found deep in the ground its presence cannot be determined by a study of the surface. Consequently, a geological survey of the underground rock structure must be carried out. If it is thought that the rocks in a certain area contain oil, a “drilling rig” is assembled. The most obvious part of a drilling rig is called “a derrick”. It is used to lift sections of pipe, which are lowered into the hole made by the drill. As the hole is being drilled, a steel pipe is pushed down to prevent the sides from falling in. If oil is struck a cover is firmly fixed to the top of the pipe and the oil is allowed to escape through a series of valves.
译文：由于石油深埋地下，靠研究地面，不能确定有没有石油。因此对地下岩层结构必须进行地质探测。如果认为某地区的岩层含石油，则在该处安装“钻机”。钻机中最显眼的部件叫做“井架”。井架用来吊升分节油管，把油管放入由钻头打出的孔中。当孔钻成后，放入钢管以防孔壁坍塌。如钻探到石油，则在油管顶部紧固地加盖，让石油通过一系列阀门流出。?
短短百余字的一段，竟出现了十几处被动语态！而翻译成汉语后，十几处被动语态全都转换成了主动结构。因此，被动语态的英汉翻译，应本着约定俗成的原则，按汉语的习惯表达法尽量将被动语态化为主动结构。以下是几种常用的英语被动语态的处理方法。
1．将英语被动直接转为汉语的主动
1）Every moment of every day, energy is being transformed from one form into another.
每时每刻，能量都在由一种形式变为另一种形式。（保持原主语不变）
2）The picture was painted by Professor Smith.
这幅画是史密斯教授画的。（转换为系表结构）
3）A new way of displaying time has been given by electronics.
电子技术提供了一种新的显示时间的方法。（宾语转换成主语）
4) Communications satellites are used for international living transmission throughout the world.
全世界都将通信卫星用于国际间的实况转播。（状语充当主语）
5) Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.
大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。（增添主语）
6) If you had spoken clearly，you would have been understood．
假如你早说清了，别人就会理解你了。（增添主语）

2．将英语被动转为汉语的无主句

1) The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end to.
必须立即终止这种讨厌的噪音。
2) Attention has been paid to the new measures to prevent corrosion.
已经注意到采取防腐新措施。
3) Best surface finish is provided by machining methods, especially by grinding.
用机械加工方法，特别是磨削方法，可以获得最佳表面光洁度。?
4) When traveling, you are advised to take travelers‘ checks，which provide a secure alternative to carrying your money in cash．
旅游时，建议你用旅行支票，这比带现金安全。

3． 英语被动语态保持不变

英语被动语态的翻译，在必要的时候（尤其是用以表达令人不快的事件）也可以译作汉语的被动结构，分别译作“被”、“给”、“遭”、“受”、“让”、“为……所”等字眼。
1) Any minute we would surely be spotted by enemy planes flying in and out of the airfield.
我们随时都会被出入机场的敌机发现。
2) At the end of the month he was fired for incompetence.
月底，他因自己无能而给解雇了。?
3) He was set upon by two masked men.
他遭到两个蒙面男子的袭击。
4) Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over the world.
我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。
5) He was pitied rather than disliked，?
他让人可怜，而不是令人讨厌。
6) As soon as all the facts have been found out, we can begin to formulate a theory.
一旦所有的事实为人们所发现，理论即可形成。

4．英语被动语态用意译法表达?

英语被动语态的谓语都是及物动词，有时候汉语中没有类似的表达法。在这种情况下，就只能根据原文的意思进行意译。
1) The village is populated by about 13,000 farmers.
这个村子里住着大约13,000农民。
2) Most trees are denuded of leaves in winter.
大多数树木冬天要落叶。
3) The news was passed on by word of mouth.
众口相传，消息不胫而走。
4) She and her husband have been asked out for the banquet.
她和丈夫应邀赴宴去了。
5) He has been wedded to translation.
他与翻译结下不解之缘。
6) Nowadays people usually prefer driving to being driven.
现在人们喜欢自己开车，而不喜欢坐别人开的车。

第九讲　正反交替　相得益彰

IX. 正反交替 相得益彰
考题实例：Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.（2002）
字面翻译：直到这些问题被解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续被排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。
（如果）这些问题得不到解决，研究行为的技术手段就会继续受到排斥，解决问题的唯一方式可能也随之继续受到排斥。?
（正说反译）
考题实例：There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate on the various branches of historical inquiry. （1999）
历史研究方法论是指一般历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史研究中的众多具体领域适合研究方法，人们对此看法各异。
（反说正译 同位语从句 逆序法）
英语中的否定按语言学家们的划分大致上有4类：完全否定（带no的词语，如nothing, none等）、半否定（hardly, scarcely等）、部分否定（not all, not every等）及带否定意义的词语（fail, without等），翻译时一般情况下可以对号入座。不过也并非见到yes便是“是”，no便是“不”，有很多情况需要根据具体问题酌情处理，譬如这样一例：
A: “I don‘t think he saw us.”
B: “Yes, he did.”
这里的don’t think和Yes都不能按常规对号入座译作“不想”和“是的”，而应译作“认为（他没有）”和“不”。 由此可见，在必要的时候，需要恰当地运用正反交替，只有这样，才能准确地传达出原文的意思。

1. 英译汉的正反交替的一般处理方法

1. 英语为肯定式，汉语译作否定式
有时候，照字面译出来会造成文句不通顺，因此需要正说反译。譬如Please keep the fire burning．我们一般不说“请保持火燃烧”，而是译作“别让火灭了。”这种方法可广泛用于各种词类、短语、甚至句子的翻译上， 如：
1) It was beyond his power to sign such a contract. (prep.)
他无权签订这种合同。(介词beyond由“超过”之意转译为“无”)
2) Time is what we want most, but what, alas, many use worst. (adv.)
时间是我们最缺少的，但可叹之至，偏偏许多人最不善于利用。(副词worst由“最糟”之意转译为“最不善于”)
3) I have read your article. I expect to meet an older man. (adj.)
拜读了你的大作，没想到你这样年轻。(形容词older由“较年长”之意转译为“没想到”)
4) The guerrillas would rather fight to death before they surrendered. (conj.)
游击队员们宁愿战斗到死而决不投降。(连词before由“之前”转译为“决不”)
5) I dropped medicine and took up physics．
我不再学医，改学物理了。 (动词dropped由“掉下”之意转译为“不再学”)
6) The mother said she would let off her son washing the dishes if he could finish his assignment before supper．
母亲说，如果她儿子晚饭前能做完作业，就不让他刷碗了。(动词短语let off由“放开”之意转译为“不让”)
7）He dived into the water fully clothed and rescued the boy．
他没脱衣服就跳进水里救出了孩子。(状语fully clothed由“全身衣着”之意转译为“没脱衣服”)

2． 英语为否定式，汉语译作肯定式?

其交替转换的情况和前者类似，有时需要反说正译，主要也是从便于表达考虑。
1) Don‘t lose time in posting this letter.?
赶快把这封信寄出去。（不要丧失→赶快）
2) Some people can eat what they like and get no fatter．
有些人爱吃什么就吃什么，照样瘦。（不长胖→照样瘦）
3) He manifested a strong dislike for his father’s business. (noun)
他对他父亲的行业表示强烈的厌恶情绪。（不喜欢→厌恶）
4) Such flight couldn‘t long escape notice.?
这类飞行迟早会被人发觉的。（不能长期→赶快）
5) The post office is at the next corner，you can’t miss it．
邮局就在下个路口，你会找到的。（不会错过→会找到）

3．同一词语，既可译作肯定式，又可译作否定式?

这类情况需根据上下文，视情况的需要，取其相应的含义。
1) I’m new to the work.
这工作我是生手。（这工作我不熟悉。）
2) He is free with his money.
他花钱大手大脚。（他花钱从不吝啬。）
3) He realized that he was in trouble.
他意识到遇到麻烦了。（他感到自己的处境不妙。）
4) The station is no distance at all.
车站近在咫尺。（车站一点儿也不远。）
5) It‘s no less than a fraud.
这简直是一场骗局。（这无异于一场骗局。）
6) The works of art were left intact, the money gone.?
艺术品还在，钱却不翼而飞。（艺术品原封未动，钱却不翼而飞。）
7) The criminal is still at large. (phrase)
罪犯还未捉拿归案。（罪犯还逍遥法外）

4．英语中的双重否定结构

双重否定一般来说可译作肯定，其道理如两个负数相加为正数一样。不过，它是一种特殊的强调句式。以have to（不得不）为例，两个“不”字去掉之后意思不变，但语气强度就差多了。下面是一些较为典型的双重否定译例。
1) There is no rule that has no exception.
所有的规则都有例外。（没有不例外的规则。）
2) There is not any advantage without disadvantage.
有一利必有一弊。
3) It never rains but it pours.
不雨则已，雨必倾盆。
4) It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.
人不会不犯错误。（人总会犯错误。）
5．否定的转移
英语动词think，believe，suppose，not…because等否定结构，在译成汉语时，须将否定的部位由句子的前面转移到后面，这就叫做“否定的转移”。如：
1) I don’t think we need waste much time on this.
我想我们不必在这个问题上浪费许多时间。
2) She didn‘t believe that such things mattered much.
她认为这种事情无关紧要。
3) The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was finished.
引擎并不是因为燃料耗尽而停止运转。?
4) Don‘t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
不要因为时间紧而敷衍塞责。?

6翻译中的否定的陷阱?

英语否定结构中有一些句式结构往往容易出错，须倍加小心。
all…not（并非……都）
1) All that glitters is not gold.
发光的不一定都是金子。
2) All cities did not look like as they do today.
在过去，城市并不都像今天这样个个千篇一律。

both…not（并非两者……都）
1) But you see, we both cannot go.
但是我告诉你，我们俩不能同时都走。
2) Both the instruments are not precision ones.
这两件东西不都是精密仪器。

cannot…too（怎么……也不足以）
1) The importance of this conference cannot be overestimated.
这次会议的重要性无论怎么强调也不过分。
2) I shall never be able to stress too much for your kindness.
不管我怎么感谢你，都不足以报恩于万一。
3) You cannot be too careful in proofreading.?
校对时，越仔细越好。

for all…（尽管……；不；说不定）
1) He seemed as fresh as ever, for all that I never saw him drink or eat.
尽管我从未见到他喝点什么或吃点什么，他似乎仍然精神饱满。
2) You may leave at once for all I care.
你尽可立即离开，我才不管呢。
3) For all we knew, the files we were supposed to photograph were already on their way.
说不定那些该由我们去拍摄的文件已在途中。

It be + adj. + noun + that…（再……也会……）
1) It is a good workman that never blunders.
智者千虑，必有一失。（再聪明的工匠也难免出错。）
2) It is a long lane that has no end.
路必有弯。（再长的胡同也有尽头。）
3) It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.?
坏事未必对人人都有害处。（再坏的事也不是对人人都有害处。）