直接引语变间接引语

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一，人称的变化：直接引语变间接引语时，主语要起变化.
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1. 直接引语的主语是第一人称时，变间接引语时（即宾语从句时），该人称与主句主语保持一致。
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He said, "I read a newspaper in my room."→
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He said that he had read a newspaper in his room.
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She said, "I have found the answer to this question."→
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She said that she had found the answer to that question.
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2. 直接引语的主语是第二人称，变间接引语时，该主语的人称与主句里出现的宾语保持一致。
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He said to her, "What are you doing?"→
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He asked her what she was doing.
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I asked him, "Do you want to go with me?"→
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I asked him if he wanted to go with me.
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3. ：直接引语的主语是第三人称，变间接引语时，其主语的人称仍保持不变。
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Mary said to me, "She hasn't been to Shanghai."→
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Tom told me, "He is good at English."→
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Tom told me he was good at English.
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二、 时态变化：直接引语变间接引语时，时态的变化不外乎以下三种情况：
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1. 直接引语在现在范围时：一般现在时 →一般过去时

现在进行时 →过去进行时

过在完成时→过去完成时
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He said, " I get up early every morning."→
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He said that he got up early every morning.
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She said, " I am looking for a map."→
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She said that she was looking for a map.
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He said, " I have done the work." →
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He said that he had done the work.
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2. 直接引语在过去范围时：一般过去时 →过去完成时

过去完成时→过去完成时
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He said, "I met my friend in the street."→
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He said that he had met his friend in the street.
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Jane said, "I came to help you."→
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Jane said that she had come to help me.
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He said, "I had done the work before I went home."→
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He said that he had done the work before he went home.
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3. 直接引语在将来范围时：一般将来时 →过去将来时。
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He said, "I'll have a meeting this afternoon."→
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He said that he would have a meeting that afternoon.
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Jimmy said, "I'll do it after class."→
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Jimmy said that he would do it after class.
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三、 状（时间、地点）的变化：
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now→then， today→that day，

 

tonight→that night， this month→that month，

 

yesterday→the day before， last month→the month before，

 

three days ago→three days before，

 

the day before yesterday→the day before， tomorrow→the next day，

 

the day after tomorrow→two days after( in two days' time)， here→there。
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She said, "I am doing my homework now."→
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She said that she was doing her homework then.
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He said, "I worked in the school three years ago." →
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He said that he had worked in the school three years before.
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四、疑问句的变化：
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1. 变语序：疑问语序要改为陈述语序。
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He asked me, "Do you like the film?"→
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He asked me if / whether I liked the film.
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2. 换动词：如主句的谓语用了said, 变为间接引语时要换为asked。
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She said to me, "Where did you see your mother?" →
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She asked me where I had seen my mother.
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3. 添连词：直接引语为一般疑问句时，改为间接引语要用if / whether来连接引导；直接引语由疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导的特殊疑问句时，改为间接引语仍用原来的疑问词引导。
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I asked her, "Have you found your pen?" →
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I asked her if / whether she had found her pen.
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He said, “Do you enjoy speaking English?”
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He said if / whether I enjoy speaking English.
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“What can I do for you?” He asked me.
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He asked me what he could do for me.
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"Whose car did you borrow last night?" I said to him.
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I asked him whose car he had borrowed the night before.
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五，祈使句的变化
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转述祈使句时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to 的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子的意思加上tell, ask, order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，在不定式的前面加not.
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She said to us, "Please sit down."她对我们说：“请坐。”
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She asked us to sit down. 她请我们坐下。
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He said to him, "Go away!" 他对他说：“走开！”
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He ordered him to go away.他命令他走开。
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Mother said to me, "Come back before 10:00."妈妈对我说：“10点钟以前回来。”
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Mother told me to come back before 10:00.妈妈嘱咐我10点钟以前回来。
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He said, "Don't make so much noise, boys."他说：“孩子们，不要大声吵闹。”
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He told the boys not to make so much noise.他告诉孩子们不要大声吵闹。
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六，直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。　　

 

They told their son,” The earth goes round the sun."→
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They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
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He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."
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He said that light travels much faster than sound.

 

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