钻石揭秘系列之三，钻石的历史潮流和价格变动

DTC-钻石贸易公司,也称为戴比尔斯(40％)，力拓（20％）和阿尔罗萨(20-25％），集体控制了超过80％的业务毛坯钻石。

毛坯钻石价格是根据每个品种和质量为基础而定下的，DTC是其中的价格领导者，力拓 和 阿尔罗萨 通常会遵循DTC的价格。

DTC和 力拓 是使用一种 Sightholdership的持有人制度下，有选择地邀请钻石商在满足他们高标准的财务实力，销售，以及商业道德，市场营销能力等才能进入这这种特别俱乐部，通过sightholdership直接购买钻石原石。最直接受益包括钻石卖价格较低，以及保证了商人所需要的钻石类型。

坏处是：成员一般是不允许拒绝任何之前与DTC同意和每两个月在伦敦分发的任何钻石

DTC在2003年实施了 选择供应 supply of choice 政策，Bebeers已成功增加了销售钻石产品在全球市场的数量和效率，他们将原来200 sightholder 减少超过50％ 到70 多个。DTC由此增加了钻石在全球各地的销售和增长，并令其股票价格得到十分可观率的升幅。 在2009， 中国人企业的 sight holders 只有2 家  

下面是一个例子就DTC如何帮助和稳定了全球过去2年的钻石价格。

在2009年初，毛坯钻石的价格已跌至低水平，钻石批发价格在2009年2月至3月间下跌至最低水平[1]。DTC 迅速采取行动，减少其sight 的数量，从而稳定了原石价格。

在2009年4月，批发钻石价格开始回稳，良好切割钻石并表现出一定的价格上涨约5％。这一增长和市场经济或零售气氛毫不相关，仅仅是因为DTC同意削减出售给配售商的数量和金额 sight amount and value。

对于大颗和高端如2克拉 – 10克拉切工 excellent最好的钻石由于其供应有限价格下降幅度也较少。一些大公司也已停止销售这些产品，以保存其资产的价值。

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Historical Trend and Prices of diamond

DTC Diamond Trading Company (also known as DeBeers 40%), Rio Tinto(20%), and Alrosa 20-25%) collectively controlled more than 80% of the rough diamond business.  Price of the rough diamond was placed on each assortment based on different quality of the diamonds.  DTC is the leader in fixing the price。    Rio Tinto and Alrosa normally follow the suit when it comes to price adjustment. 

DTC and Rio Tinto is using the sight holder system where they selectively invite diamond cutters which meet their high standard with regards to financial strength, business ethic, marketing capability etc in order to enter the CLUB to make direct purchase through the sightholdership[1].  With the decision “Supply of Choice” being implemented 6 years ago, DTC has successfully increased the efficiency in marketing the diamond and its related product worldwide, they eliminated more than 50% of their sightholdership from over 200 to about 70, increased the presence of diamond marketing program around the globe and increased their stock price at a very handsome rate. However, as the very elite sightholders in the world[2], members normally were NEVER allowed to reject anything which was agreed and distributed by DTC on bi-monthly sight in London.      

Below is an example on how the action of DTC helped to stabilize the diamond price of the last 2 years. 

In the beginning of 2009, rough diamond price has fallen to its lowest level, polished wholesale diamond price tumbled between Feb and March 2009[3]. DTC act quickly to reduce its sight amount and stabilized the rough price. 

In April of 2009, wholesale diamond price stabilized and increased about 5%.  The increase was not related to market economy or retail sentiments, but merely because DTC has agreed to cut back for the goods sold to the sightholders.

The price drop for high end diamond eg 2ct-10ct (DIF EXEXEX) outperformed the lower end smaller size diamond due to its limited supply.  Some of the larger firm has stopped selling of such goods in order to reserve the asset value.