1.    to generalize the gramma this week

When you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. That is, whoever or whatever is performing the action is not the grammatical subject of the sentence. This is the passive voice.

Not all the active sentences can be transformed into passive ones. There are some rules of the change.

a.       It has a close relation with the kind of the verb,such as have.

b.       When the object of the active sentence is reflexive pronoun, it can not be changed into passive voice.

c.       Some phrasal verbs are equal to transitive verbs, so they also can not have the passive voice.

 

2.    Chosen exercises

 

1.  They had made a mess of the house.        (put it into the passive)  

The house hao been made a mess of.

A mass had been made of the house.

Make mass of 与take care of, pay attention to等都是词组动词，这些词组转换时通常都是有两种转换方式，一种是把整个词组当作一个vt.来处理; 另一种是把介词词组放到被动态动词后面去。

2.  Everyone looked up to him.      (put it into the passive)

He was looked up to by everyone.

这里的look up to解释是尊敬，其作为一个整体是不能被拆开的。

 

3.  She is facing up to the responsibilities badly.          (put it into the passive)

The responsibilities is faced up to by her badly.

Face up to大家都知道有面对的意思，但在这句句子中指的是勇敢承担。此外，badly表达的是一种强烈的情感，相当于very very much,而不是很坏的意思。

 

4.  The facts do not bear out your argument.          (put it into the passive)

Your argument do not be born out by the facrs.

这些事实不能证实你的论点。Bear out这里指证实。

 

5.  They lost track of the plane about an hour out from GuangZhou Airport.            (put it into the passive using two forms if possible)

   The plane has been lost track of about an hour out from the GuangZhou Airport.

这里的lost track of作为一个整体使用不能拆开。所以只有一种转换形式。

 

6.  put the verbs in brackets into a correct passive form:

I insist on them____being punished.___        (punish)

有些动词或不定式是加—ing分词被动结构，例如，insist on, anticipate, enjoy, agree to.

 

7.  put the verbs in brackets into a correct passive form:

I began ___to be taught___ (teach) English when I was six.

注意teach的过去分词是taught,taught,而不是teached

 

8.        put the verbs in brackets into a correct passive form:

Well, he’d like ___to be asked / being asked___(ask) some questions.

有些动词后既可加to不定式也可—ing分词被动结构。例如，like, love, hate,remember,forget.

 

9.        put the verbs in brackets into a correct passive form:

This house is ___to let.___  (let)

有些场合下，习惯上用不定式主动态，不用被动态，尽管不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。

 

10.    to discriminal the difference between two sentences.

There was nothing to see.

There was nothing to be seen.

第一句的意思是 there was nothing for one to see. 而第二句则是 the thing being looked for was not there.

 

3.    Time for TEM—4

 

1. It's essential that all those figures_____twice.

A.are checked    B.be checked  C.to check   D.check

Answer: B

虚拟语气。表示建议或命令等意义的词如suggest，order，demand，insist所引导的从句一律用“should +动词原形” 的形式，其中should可省略。但是当should解释为竟然时不能省略。

 

2. But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them______ suffering and poverty.
  A. anything but     B. nothing but  C. none other than     D. no more than

Answer: B

nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除… 以外的任何事”；none other than意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。这里根据句意所以选B。

 

3. After______seemed an endless wait, it was her too run to step into the doctor’s office.
　A. it     B. that      C. what        D. which 　　

Answer: C

在由after引导的介词短语中，what seemed(to be)起定语作用，修饰an endless wait。

 

4. The board deemed it’s urgent that these files______right away.
　A. had to be printed         B. should have been printed 

C. must be printed          D. should be printed

Aswer: D

urgent在句中做形式宾语it的补足语，其后的宾语从句应使用虚拟语气，就是should+动词原形。

 

5. _____all our kindness to help her, Sara refused to listen.
A.At       B.In      C.For      D.On

Answer: C

就像for our sake一样，这里的for our kindness指我们出于好心。

 

6. ____beforewe depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.
A.Had they arrived              B.Would they arrive     

C.Were they arriving             D.Were they to arrive

Answer: D

这里是were-形式的虚拟语气，并且句子里有个tomorrow,因此用to do不定式来表示将来。

 

7. ____ he's already heard the news.
A.Chances are       B.Chance is       C.Opportunities are       D.Opportunity is

Answer: A

Chances are相当于there are chances that，是指可能性，固定用法。

 

8. James has just arrived, but I didn’t know he       until yesterday.

  A. will come                      B. was coming

  C. had been coming                D. came 

Answer: B

这题考的是时态和语态。直到昨天我都不曾知道他来过。

 

9. That was not the first time he       us. I think it’s high time we       strong actions against him.                    

  A. betrayed; take                 B. had betrayed; took

  C. has betrayed; took              D. has betrayed; take

Answer: B

句中有the first time后面跟的应该是完成时。句子的时态又是过去时，因此用过去完成时。

 

10. In international matches, prestige is so important that the only thing that matters is to avoid      .                 

    A. from being beaten           B. being beaten      C. beating                D. to be beaten 

Answer: B

avoid + doing sth. 而prestige与beat是被动关系，因此选B。

 

4.     the summary of this week’s learning

本周开始讲解被动态。其中主动句与被动句之间相互转换的限制性让我印象深刻（因为上课提问到我了），以前没有系统的梳理过这些限制，全凭语感或模糊的以前做题的印象。通过这次讲解，以后再做此类主动被动据转换的题目是心里也能笃定许多。

BTY，这节课更理清了lie, lie, lay三者之间的区别，从今高中开始每次做一遍记一遍，但是下次再碰到区分它们之间关系的题目是仍旧感到困惑，这次老师重申这个知识点，希望我能牢牢记住，不会再忘了！！！！！