Subjunctive Mood

                                     虚拟语气

一，语法点归纳

We learnt subjunctive mood last two weeks. There are two forms of the subjunctive : be-subjunctive and were-subjunctive. The be-subjunctive is realized by the base form of the verb. The were-subjunctive has only one form were. In addition to the be-subjunctive and the were-subjunctive , we can use past tense forms of verbs an past tense modals for the same prupose.

 

二，课后练习精选

1,Q:Rewrite the following, using be-subjunctive

    Let it be understood that both side are willing to reach an agreement.

  A: Be it understood that both side are willing to reach an agreement.

  释:be-型虚拟式用于某些公式化语句中可表示祝愿，诅咒，禁止等意义。

 

2, Q:Rewrite the following, using be-subjunctive

    The ambassador will stay there if necessary.

   A:The ambassador will stay there if need be.

   释:need be = necessary

 

3,Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

    He behaves as though he were (be) better than us.

 释:were-型虚拟式常用于as though引导的让步状语分句中，表示非真实的让步

 

4, Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

     He is my best friend, my second self, as it were (be). 

   释:在as it were (作so to speak解，即“宛如”，“好比”)结构中只用were，不用was

 

5, Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

     He fought as hard as if his wife were (be) in danger.

   释:were-型虚拟式常用于as if 引导的条件状语分句中，表示非真实的条件

 

6, Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

     We suggest that his applicant apply (apply) next year.

     释:be-型虚拟式是以动词原形表示的，即不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用原形。而be-型虚拟式用于表示建议等词语之后的that-分句中。如，该句中的We suggest that（我们建议）

 

7, Q:Put the verbs in brackets into the proper subjunctive form

     Give him food lest he perish (perish).

  释:be-型虚拟式能用于由if, though, whatever, lest, so long as等引导的分句中表示推测，让步，防备等含义。如，该句中的lest

 

8,Q:Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets

   I wish you hadn’t given (not give) him my phone number. (=I am sorry you gave it to him )

 释：had not done表示不该做却做了的事情。句中，“我”不希望“你”把号码给“他”，而“你”却已经给了

 

9, Q:Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets

     If only I had been (be) insured! (=But I wasn’t insured)

   释:had done 表示应该做却没有做的事情。句中，“我”希望“我”有加入保险，可是事实上“我”没有

 

10, Q:Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets

      It’s just struck midnight. It’s high time we went (go) to bed.

    释:It’s high time这结构常用于动词的过去时表示假设意义

 

三, 我的专四语法宝典

1,Q: Acute hearing helps most animals sense the approach of thunderstorms long before people ____

A, do     B, hear      C, do them     D, hearing it

  答案:选A

  解释：句意：敏锐的听觉使多数动物能远在人之前感觉到雷雨的到来。此句考查do的指代作用。这里do来代替前文的sense the thunderstorms以避免重复，且时态都是一般现在时，故选A

 

   2,Q:This is an illness that can result in total blindness ___ left untreated.

      A, after    B, if     C, since      D, unless

    答案:选B

    解释：句意：这种疾病如果不得到及时治疗，将导致完全失明。此句考查连词的用法。此题中after的意思是“在……之后”；if的意思是“如果”；since的意思是“因为”；unless的意思是“除非”，通过分析后得知“如果”这个答案最贴切，故应选B。此外，句中if引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且谓语动词为系动词，这说明具体内容被省略。

 

3,Q:The central provinces have floods in some years, and ____

   A, drought in others                   B, droughts are others

   C, while other droughts                D, others in drought

 答案:选A

 解释：句意：中部省份有些年份闹水灾，另一些年份闹旱灾。此句考查代词的指代用法。这里用others指前文提到的years表示对等关系，即floods in some years, and drought in other years而其他答案均不符合这一要求，故选A

 

 4,Q:Do help yourself to some fruit, ____ you ?

     A, can’t     B, don’t     C, wouldn’t     D, won’t

  答案:选D

  解释：句意：你吃点水果吧，好吗？此句考查附加问句的用法。祈使句后面用反意疑问句，形式经常为will you或 won’t you的形式，而其他答案均不符合这一要求，故应选D

 

5,Q:There ____ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.

    A, to be     B, to have been     C, being     D, be

  答案:选C

  解释：句意：没有什么别的可讨论了，会议提前半个小时就结束了。此句考查非谓语动词的用法。因为本题后半句是一个完整句子，且句中两部分没有连词，故前半句表示伴随的状态只能使用一个非谓语动词中的分词形式，故应选C

 

6,Q:You ____ Jim anything about it. It was none of his business.

    A, needn’t have told                     B, needn’t tell

    C, mustn’t have told                     D, mustn’t tell

  答案:选A

  解释：句意：你本来没必要告诉杰姆这件事的，这和他一点关系都没有。此句考查情态动词的用法。选项中，needn’t have done的意思是“本来不必做某事却做了”；needn’t do的意思是“现在没必要去做某事”；mustn’t do的意思是“千万不能，一定不能做某事”。另外，C选项中mustn’t have done的形式很少用。通过分析句意可知A最符合，所以选A

 

7,Q:All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ____ quite such a crowd of  people there,

    A, weren’t     B, hasn’t been      C, hadn’t been    D, would’t be

   答案:选C

   解释：句意：要是当时没那么多人的话，我们就会在聚会上玩得更高兴了。此句考查虚拟语气的用法。从句中would have enjoyed能看出这里用的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此从句应该用had+过去分词的形式，故应选C

 

8,Q:Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ____ quality control can be substantially reduced.

 A, whose       B, as       C, what        D, that

 答案:选D

 解释：句意：使用计算机的公司发现，所需的质量控制人员的数量可以大幅度减少。此句考查定语从句连接词的用法。句中的定语从句用来修饰the number of staff引导定语从句的关系代词指代the number of staff同时该词还在从句中作主语。此外，虽然as也可用作关系代词引导定语从句，但其先行词需用such或the same来修饰。因此，这里这有D符合要求，故选D

 

9,Q:____ at in this way, the present economic situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.

   A, Looking    B, Looked     C, Having looked      D, To look

  答案:选B

  解释：句意：从这个角度来看，现在的经济状况并不暗淡。此句考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的用法。这里后半句是一个完整句子，且前后两部分之间没有连词衔接，因此前半句应该选择非谓语动词形式来作条件状语。这里空白处所填动词的逻辑主要是后半句的主语the present economic situation与look一词为动宾关系，故此处应选择过去分词表示被动的意味，故选B

 

10,Q:She did her work ____ her manager had instructed.

     A, as    B, until    C, when     D, though

   答案:选A

   解释：句意：她按照经理的指示去干活。此句考查连词的用法。选项中，as意为“像，如”；until意为“直到”；when意为“当……时”；though意为“尽管”。这里符合句意的只有A，故选A

 

11, Americans eat __A__ as they actually need every day.

A. twice as much protein    B. twice protein as much twice

C. twice protein as much    D. protein as twice much

解:考查倍数的表达。根据规则，运用统计比较as…as…,表示倍数的词置于第一个as之前，比较的性质与对象谓语两as之间，因此A符合要求。

12, Until then, his family __D__ from him for six months.

A. didn’t hear   B. hasn’t been hearing   C. hasn’t heard   D. hadn’t heard

解：考查过去完成时。根据Until then可以看出主句的行为发生在该时间前，再由表达一段时间的for six months可以断定此处应用过去完成时，所以是D。

 

13, There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than __A__ in the public mind today.

A. exists   B. exist   C. existing   D. to exist

解析：本题考查than引导的比较状语从句的用法。

 

14, He’s __C__ as a “bellyacher”—he’s always complaining about something.

A. who is known   B. whom is known   C. what is known   D. which is known

解析：what 可作关系代词，表示“···的事物或人”，而who,whom,which都没有此种用法。What在此处构成what is known as ···，表示“所谓···的”，做句子的表语。

 

15, I went there in 1984, and that was the only occasion when I __C__ the journey in exactly two days.

A. must make   B. must have been   C. was able to make   D. could make

解析：本题表示：1984年我去过那儿，那是仅有的一次，我用了足足两天的时间终于完成旅程。A和B的语气与题意不符，be able to与could一般情况下课通用，但当表示“经过努力或克服了困难之后做成了某事”时只能用be able to,所以用C。

 

16, The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel __C__.

A. to stay   B. is to stay   C. to stay at   D. is for staying

解析：不定式前可以加疑问词作句子成分。另外stay是不及物动词，必须加at才能接hotel.

 

17, He __A__ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful.

A. may have acted   B. must have acted   C. should act   D. would act

解析：本题考查情态动词+动词的完成时的用法。根据题意排除C和D，A表示不太肯定的推测，而B表示肯定的推测，符合题意。

 

18, Come and see me whenever __C__.

A. you are convenient   B. you will be convenient

C. it is convenient to you   D. it will be convenient to you

解析：whatever引导的时间状语从句须用一般现在时表将来，因此先排除B和D，另外，convenient一般不用人来作主语，而是常构成be convenient to/for sb.结构，所以选C。

 

19, You __A__ Mark anything. It was none of his business.

A. needn’t have told   B. needn’t tell   C. mustn’t have told   D. mustn’t tell

解析：needn’t have done的意思是“做了本没有必要做的事”。

 

20, He __A__ the 8:20 bus because he didn’t leave home till 8:25.

A. couldn’t have caught   B. ought to have caught 

C. shouldn’t have caught   D. must not have caught

解析：couldn’t have +过去分词，表示对过去已经发生的事实的一种否定猜测，意思是“不可能做了某事”，符合题意。

 

四，感想

    虚拟语气有个很重要的口诀“坚决要命”（建议，决定，要求，命令）这是对于be-型虚拟语气的高度概括，也是老师课堂上给我最大的印象。尤其是对于我们这种懒学生特别有用（因为这样可以省去记一大堆符合这规则的动词，形容词和名词哦）所以说嘛，语法是多么的博大精深，老师的课堂也是不可缺少的呐~~以后继续努力噢！^-^