上课笔记和录音链接：http://www.tudou.com/programs/view/0HBFEkFDv0Q/

表语从句

一、表语从句定义：在一个复合句中，从句作的是主语的表语成分。

二、结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。

三、连接词：that / whether /as if /as though

    连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what

连接副词：when / where / why / how / because

四、引导词的用法

1 that在表语从句中既不充当成分，又没有实际意义。

   The fact is that he hasn’t yet recover from illness.

 这是个典型的主系表结构句子，the fact（主语），is（系动词），that引导的从

 句做表语（从句）

   The reason why he has to go is that his mother is ill in bed.

2 what 在表语从句中充当  主语、宾语或表语                                     

 表示 什么、什么的样子或者所...（的人或事）   

   ①. The question is what caused the accident.问题是什么引发了事故。

   The questiong（主语）is（系动词）what从句做表语（从句）             

   ②. That mountain is no longer what it used to be .山不再是曾经的那座山。

   ③. What he told you was what had been discussed at the meeting.他告诉你的

   那些就是会议上讨论的事。

   What he told you（这是个主语从句，做主语）was（系动词）what had been 

   discussed at the meeting.（这是个由what引导的表语从句，what在这个句子中做主语，had been discussed 做这个句子的谓语，at the meeting是地点状语）

  3 whether在表语从句中表  是否  ,但不充当句子的成分。if 不能引导表

  语从句.如:

  ①.What the doctor really doubts is whether my mother will recover from the  

  serious disease soon.

从以上的原则可以得知，whether引导的从句作为is 的表语从句，这个句子中，my mother（主语）will recover（谓语）而whether在这里表示“是否”的意思，

使语意完整。

  ②. The question is whether it is worth doing.

  4 who 在表语从句中充当  主语、宾语或表语  表示 谁  。

  ①The problem is who could do the work

  ②My trouble is who (whom) I can turn to.

  5 which 在引导表语从句时,常充当_定语、表语表示  哪一个   。 

  如：

  I read about it in some book or another , but what I don't know is which   

  (book) it is.

  6由as if ,as though引导表语从句，表示好像。句子中的系动词常用look,  

  appear, seem等。

  ①It looks as if it was doing to rain.

  ②The young man with long hair looks as if he were a girl.

五、注意

1表语从句一定要用陈述语序。

The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.

2“That is why...”是常用句型， 意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”， 其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语， 该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结

That is why you see this old woman before you know , Jeanne.

3当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that而不能由because引导;  because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was  because…句型中.

①.The reason why I was late was that I missed the train.

②. I was late. It/That/This was  because   I missed the train.

4当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，有why, when, where, how等

This is how he did it.

That is why the brothers wanted to make a bet.

That’s why we’ve given you the letter

5表语从句引导词注意事项

1. that引导表语从句时不能省.

2. if不能引导表语从句.

3. 除that外的所有引导词都有自己的意义。

4. 除that, whether外的所有引导词都须在从句中充当相应的成分 

 

练习

1The traditional view is ____ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so. (2007上海)

A. when   B. why   C. whether   D. that

解析：because 引导表语从句时只能用于It/That/This is /was ...because…句型中.

因此正解为 D

2 You are saying that everyone should be equal , and this is ____ I disagree. (2004)

A.why   B. where   C. what   D. how

解析：该句子翻译为：你说每个人都是平等的，这就是我所不同意的地方。而disagree是不及物动词，不能用what引导，正解为 B

3— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.

— Is that ____ you had a few days off? (1999)

A. why   B. when   C. what   D. where

解析：当表语从句中主语、宾语、表语具备，但是还是要表示疑问含义，可以判断句子中缺少状语，常常用相应的特殊疑问词引导，因此用why 引导，正解为 A

4____ she couldn’t understand was ____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons. (2000上海）

A. What; why   B. That; what   C. What; because   D. Why; that

解析：第一个空由于understand是及物动词，该句子缺少宾语，因此用what,而第二空中，这是她“为什么”不能理解的事，用why引导，因此选 A

5____ made the school proud was ____ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities. (2003上海春）

A. What; because     B. What; that

C. That; what        D. That; because

解析：第一个句子缺少主语，因此用what 充当主语，而第二个句子是个完整的句子，因此用that引导，因为that不充当成分，也没有意义，因此正解为 B

6— Are you still thinking about yesterday’s game?

— Oh , that's ____. (2003北京春）

A. what makes me feel excited        B. whatever I feel excited about

C. how I feel about it                D. when I feel excited

解析：选项翻译可知，A选项翻译为：那就是令我感到兴奋的事。其他选项翻译不通，因此正解为 A

7. That's ___ the Party called on us to do.

   A. why      B. what      C. how      D. that

解析：call on sb to do sth缺少宾语，因此用what，正解为 B

8. The reason is ___ he is unable to operate the machine.

 A. because    B. why    C. that     D.  Whether

解析：当主句的主语为reason,或者是由why引导的从句时,与它们相关的表语从句用that而不能由because引导，同时该句子缺少宾语，因此正解为 C

9 .That is ___ they separated.

A. that       B.  what      C.  which       D.  where

解析：翻译可知：那是他们分开的地方，用where强调地点，因此正解为 D

10.Jane is no longer ___ she was four years ago.

A. what      B.  which    C. that    D.  when 

解析： what 在表语从句中充当 主语、宾语或表语                                   表示什么、什么的样子或者所...（的人或事），因此正解为 A