英语句法(一)
(2010-01-19 16:17:08)
标签:
英语教育 |
分类: english |
句子的基本成分
句子成分指构成句子、在其中起着不同语法作用的部分。常见的句子成分有:
(一)
(二)
(三)
(四)
(五)
(六)
(七)
句子的基本类型
按照句子的主要成分划分,有两种基本类型:
(一)
(二)主语+谓语+其它成分。
时态-----谓语和系动词的变化
动词的时态用以表示不同的时间和动作方面的动词形式。共有十六种时态。句子的时态变化,主要体现在连系动词或谓语动词上。
连系动词的时态变化
|
过去 |
现在 |
将来 |
过去将来 |
一般 |
was/were |
am/is/are |
will be am/is/are going to be |
would be was/were going to be |
进行 |
Was/were being |
Am/is/are being |
Null |
Null |
完成 |
had been |
Have/has been |
Will have been am/is/are going to have been |
would have been was/were going to have been |
完成进行 |
null |
null |
null |
null |
谓语的时态变化
|
过去 |
现在 |
将来 |
过去将来 |
一般 |
过去式 |
do |
will do am/is/are going to do |
would do was/were going to do |
进行 |
Was/were doing |
am/is/are doing |
will be doing am/is/are going to be doing |
would be doing was/were going to be doing |
完成 |
had done |
Have/has done |
Will have done am/is/are going to have done |
would have done was/were going to have done |
完成进行 |
Had been doing |
Have/has been doing |
Will have been doing am/is/are going to have been doing |
would have been doing was/were going to have been doing |
特殊的主系表结构----被动语态
英语有主动和语态两种语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。被动语态中可用 by 短语表示被动语态动作的发出者。
情态动词-----谓语和系动词的进一步变化
情态动词是表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,本身有一定的含义,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其它动词原形构成谓语或和be构成连系动词。
构成句子成分的复杂元素之一---------非谓语动词短语
非谓语动词指在句子中起名词、形容词或副词作用的动词形式。 非谓语动词包括动名词、分词和动词不定式。非谓语动词不能单独作谓语;非谓语动词可以带有自己的宾语、状语或逻辑主语。非谓语动词有语态和时态的变化。
构成句子成分的复杂元素之二---------从句
复合句是由两个或两个以上的简单句用从属连词连接起来的句子。其中一个句子是主体,叫做主句,而其它句子叫做从句。 从句指一个句子作为一个整体,去做另一个句子的某一个成分。从句由从属连词引导。从句有自己的主语、谓语或主语、连系动词和表语;根据所担任的成分,从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
基本句式经典案例
1. I am a university student.
我 是
2. My home is in the South of China.
我的 家
主
我家在中国的南部。
3. There are
那儿
表
我家有五口人。
4. Rice is grown in my hometown.
稻米
主
我的家乡种植稻米。
5. My father teaches English at a middle school.
我的
父亲
主(名词短语)
我父亲在一所中学教英语。
6. My mother also teaches.
我的
主(名词短语)
状
我母亲也教学。
7. She teaches children to read.
她
主
8. My brothers go to school.
我的
弟弟
主(名词短语)
9. My parents find teaching very exciting.
我的
10.They often tell my brothers interesting stories in the evening.
11.We had some shoes like those a month ago.
一个月之前,我们有一些象那样的鞋子。
12.They were in fashion last year.
他们
主
13.He is going to leave for France tomorrow.
14.He is going to be away for a long time.
他
主
15.We will miss him.
16.There
17.He has been to America for many times.
18.He has gone to America.
19.I had finished my work before supper.`
20.She had been a typist before 2001.
她
21.I will have been there by 4 o’clock.
22.He will have forgotten all about this matter before long.
他
23.George is reading a book now.
24.The palace is being built.
25.We were talking about you this morning.
主
26.This problem was being discussed yesterday afternoon.
27.I will be visiting my parents this time tomorrow.
28.Our company will be inspected next week.
29.She said she would be setting off on the four o’clock train.
30.She told me
31.I have been living here for ten years.
32.This stadium has been built since 1998.
33.I had been looking for the book for
hours
34.Trees had been planted for years before the flood.
35.I will have been working here for twenty years by the end of the year.