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杂谈 |
由一个主语和一个谓语动词所组成的句子是简单句。谓语动词有及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词之分。正是谓语动词的特点决定着句子的不同结构,如连系动词后要接表语;大多数及物动词后接一个直接宾语,有的及物动词要接直接宾语和间接宾语,还有的及物动词要接复合宾语(宾语+宾语补足语)。要想写好简单句,我们必须记住以下六种句型,它们是语言的基本模式。
【句型一】主语
His father cooks.
The children are listening
quietly.
He runs fast in the street.
The meeting begins at nine.
They worked day and night.
【点津】主语和不及物动词是组成本句型不可缺少的必要成分。上述句子虽然长短不一,但都属于这一基本句型。
常见不及物动词:act(行动)
【句型二】主语
He didn’t like the film.
She often helps him.
I have already finished reading the
book.
They decided to go hiking.
He thought about the problem for a few
moments.
【点津】此句型中的谓语动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是短语动词,后面的宾语可以是名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式。修饰谓语动词的状语通常放在句末,这些状语多数是副词或介词短语,也可以是名词短语、分词或不定式短语。
常见的单宾语及物动词有:accept,admire,admit,affect,
【句型三】主语
Your watch looks very nice.
The mooncake tastes very
delicious.
The days get shorter and
shorter.
In spring, the trees turn green.
【点津】此句型中的谓语动词是连系动词,如appear(显得), be , seem(好像), turn(变 颜色),
taste(尝起来), feel(感觉), smell(嗅起来), fall(变 asleep/ill),keep(保持),go(变
表不好的形容词),get(变得 温度形容词) ,grow(变 young/old),become (变得),
sound(听起来),look(看起来)
【句型四】主语
Please give me a few apples.
I’ll show you my photos.
【点津】此句型中的及物动词后接两个宾语(双宾语),即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。通常情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。有时间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语,放在直接宾语的后面。
She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to
him.
His uncle bought him a birthday present yesterday. = His uncle
bought a birthday present for him
yesterday.
由介词
give somebody something =give something to somebody,
pass somebody something =pass something to somebody,
tell somebody something = tell something to somebody,
show somebody something = show something to somebody,
offer somebody something = show something to somebody,
lend somebody something =lend something to somebody,
take somebody something = take something to somebody ,
teach somebody something = teach something to somebody
write somebody something = write something to
somebody
由介词
buy somebody something = buy something for somebody ,
cook somebody something = cook something for somebody
get somebody something = get something for somebody ,
make somebody something = make something for somebody ,
choose somebody something = choose something for somebody ,
sing somebody something = sing something for somebody
【句型五】主语
We call him Tom for short.
At first I found Chinese quite
hard.
Tell him not to be late
tomorrow.
He made all of us laugh.
The little girl often helps her mother (to) do the
housework.
We found a cat lying under the
chair.
The six students keep their hands behind their
backs.
【点津】此句型中的宾语后面需接上宾语补足语来补充说明宾语的有关情况,这样意思才完整。宾语和宾语补足语合称复合宾语,宾语与宾语补足语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓或主表关系。可作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语等。
1.
2.
3.
(1)
want somebody to do想某人做某事ask somebody to
do
wish somebody to do希望某人做某事tell somebody to
do
teach somebody to do教某人做某事encourage somebody to do鼓励某人做某事
warn somebody to do警告某人做某事advise somebody to do建议某人做某事
order somebody to do命令某人做某事force somebody to do强迫某人做某事
like somebody to do
allow somebody to do
cause somebody to do导致某人做某事expect somebody to
do
invite somebody to do
require somebody to do
let somebody do使某人做某事make somebody do使某人做某事
see somebody do看见某人做了某事hear somebody
do,
watch somebody do
(3)
help somebody ( to ) do
4.
hear somebody doing
watch somebody doing,
find somebody doing
【句型六】There be
There is some meat
Long, long ago, there lived a
king.
There stands a school
There are going to be two football matches this
afternoon.
There was a bike under the tree just
now.
There are some people in the hall.
There is a pen and some books
There are some apples and an orange in the
basket.
【点津】本句型又叫
There is a new pen in Jim’s
pencil-box.
Jim has a new pen.
在此句型中,there
There is China in the east of the world.
There are their books
There are they under the tree.
注意:动词
在此句型中,谓语动词有时不用