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   With 复合结构小结

with结构是许多英语复合结构中最常用的一种。学好它对学好复合宾语结构、不定式复合结构、动名词复合结构和独立主格结构均能起很重要的作用。本文就此的构成、特点及用法等作一较全面阐述，以帮助同学们掌握这一重要的语法知识。
一、 with结构的构成
它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。With结构构成方式如下：
1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；
2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；
3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；
4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；
5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词

作状语（表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式和条件等）

I. with + n + doing ( doing表示 with 后名词发生的动作，此名词为动作的执行者)

In parts of Asia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.

He lay there with his eyes looking at the sky.

II. with + n + done （done 和with后面的 宾语构成动宾关系，此宾语是动作的承受者。

The fellow stood there with his hands crossed .
这个家伙两手交叉，站在那里。
The peasants have a good harvest with all the crops got in .
庄稼都收割了，农民们有了一个好收成。

The students are listening to the teacher with their eyes fixed on the blackboard.

The thief was brought in with his hands tied back.

The brain is a complex organ with much of its work unknown.

  大脑是一个复杂的器官，有许多功能都不为所知。

III. with + n + to do 动词不定式表示目的， 或将发生， 未发生的事。

With this book to help you , you can finish your work as soon as possible .
有这本书来帮忙，你能尽快完成工作。
With so many problems to settle, the new manager was too worried to eat anything .
有着太多问题去处理，新经理担忧的吃不下任何东西。

With all these mouth to feed, he didn’t know what to do.

He failed with the best intentions to win the sympathy of his pupils.

With five minutes to go before the last train left, we arrived at the station.

【问号】With too many problems to solve,the head of the company has no time to answer the phone.     为什么不是to be solved?

IV. with + n + prep. Phrase

The man left the meeting with a book in his hand .
这个男人手里拿着书离开了会议。
The woman with a diamond necklace around the neck must be wealthy .
那个脖子上带项链的女人一定很有钱。

The teacher came in with some textbooks under her arm.

Later, another type of coin was used, with holes in it, and these were used for the next 2000 years.

V. with + n + adj

He left the room with the door open . 门开着，他就离开了屋子。

Don’t talk with your mouth full .    嘴里满是东西，不要说话。

When he is eating, he doesn’t speak with his mouth full of food.

VI. with + n + adv

With the radio on , grandma fell asleep in the chair . 

收音机开者，奶奶在椅子里沉沉的睡着了。
With Tom away , I always feel lonely .
汤母不在，我一直感觉孤独。

With the children away at school, the house was strangely quiet.

With the breakfast over, the boy hurried to school.

英译汉练习：

The farmers walked to the field with hoes on their shoulders.

My father was sitting in a chair with his hands folded.

The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.

Tom is working there with only a shirt on.

We slept last night with the lights on.

John left the room with the windows open.

My brother rushed into the classroom, with sweat dripping.

The artist is working with his hair tied back.

The stranger is standing their with his eyes looking at me.

She stood there with his eyes fixed on me.

My father came up to me with his eyes glaring at me.

The emperor walked in the street with nothing on.

She is reading the newspaper with a pair of glasses on.

He was sitting on the chair with his coat hung on the wall.

He left us with his hands waving.

With the problem settled, they left the office.

With a book in his hand, the teacher entered the classroom.

With the matter settled, we went home.

With so many people working, what is the family income?

He stayed the office, with the computer to do all the work.

 

【高考链接】________production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

           A. As         B. For             C. With          D. Through

【思路分析】该句的前半部分没有谓语动词，因此不能选择as。本题考查的是with + n/pron + adv.的用法。答案选C。

翻译句子：

他两手交叉着坐在那里。

 

2．爸爸站在窗前，眼睛凝视外面。

 

3．作业做完了，他们就回家了。

 

4．妹妹坐在树下，头上戴着一顶帽子。

 

5．弟弟跑进房间，手里拿着一瓶啤酒。

 

6．他穿着鞋子睡着了。

 

7．那个乞丐坐在角落里，前面放着一个破碗。

 

8．一阵微风吹来，我感觉舒服多了。

 

9．这么多人吵闹，我们不能学习。

 

10．妈妈呆在家里，门关上了。

英语的四大复合结构

英语的复合结构由两个部分组成：一个部分表示人或者物，另一个部分表示动作或者状态。两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，就是第一部分的人或物是第二部分动作的执行者或承受者，或者，第二部分所表示的状态就是第一部分所表示的人或物所处的状态。例如：

We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to communicate in the work of a foreign affairs official. （英语必不可少）

With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud. (沿路的是石头)

英语中有四大复合结构：

1. 动词不定式的复合结构 ( for sb to do sth )

Please find some work for the children to do. (孩子们做工作)

The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)

2. 动名词的复合结构 （ sb’s / sb doing sth ）

His being late again made the teacher angry. （他迟到）

Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)

动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。

以上两种结构中，一个只能用不定式表示动作，一个只能用动名词；而在下面两个结构中，可以有多种词性的词表示动作或状态。

3. 独立主格结构 (主格名词或代词+补足成分)

The work finished, we stopped for a drink. (分词)

She looked angrily at the pretty girl, her face white and her eyes green. （形容词）

Sword in hand, the man came at me. （介词短语）

独立主格结构在句子中做状语，表原因或伴随状态。

4. 复合宾语 （宾语+宾语补足语）

His speech made us laugh. （不定式）

When she woke up, she found herself in hospital. （介词短语）

I want the house painted white. （分词）

Don’t keep the lights on all the night. （副词。这类副词还有：here, there, home, back, off, away, out, in, up, down等）

We consider him one of our best friends. （名词）

We found the movie wonderful. （形容词）

能够接复合宾语的动词可分为三类：

（1）. 感官类，如：see, notice, watch, observe, hear, feel 等

（2）. 意识类，如：believe, think, suppose, consider, wish 等

（3）. 使动类，如：keep, leave; make, have, let 等

除动词可以接复合宾语外，介词with也可以接复合宾语，在句子中做状语和定语。

The farmers found some stone with writing on it. （定语）

With a lot of work to do, he got up early and hurried to the workshop. （状语）

与动词一样，With复宾中的宾语补足语也可以由各种结构来充当。
英语语法With的复合结构用的较多,以下是用法:
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构，也可用with的复合结构。

with +名词(代词)+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语

举例: He stood there, his hand raised.
= He stood there, with his hand raise.
典型例题：

The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
答案D. with +名词（代词）+分词+介词短语结构。当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。由于本句中名词"手"与分词"绑"是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.

注意:

1) 独立主格结构使用介词的问题：
当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制
A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.
( hand前不能加his)。

2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用现在分 词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.

典型例题：

Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.
A permitted B permitting C permits D for permitting
答案B. 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立结构，其结构为：名词+分词。由于permit在这里翻译为'天气允许'，表主动，应用现在分词，故选B。
如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将if 去掉，再将谓语动词改为非谓语动词即可。

 

将下列“with+复合宾语”转换为分句
（1）With so many people looking at her ,she felt nervous.
(2)With their work finished,they went home.
(3)With so much work to do ,I can't go swimming with you.
(4)She stood at the door,with her back towards us.
(5)He entered the room,with his nose red with cold.

转换为：

1,she felt nervous when so many people looked her
2,they went home after they finished their work
3,i can't go with you because i have too much work to do
4,she stood atthe door while her back was towards us
5,he enterd the room when his nose was red with cold
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