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老建筑,新建筑

(2011-11-02 10:14:50)
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杂谈

我是2010年12月来广州担任总领事的。在此之前,我北京来过几次广州,行程都比较相似——先抵达白云机场或广州东站,然后乘领馆的车或出租车到达酒店或领事馆。所有时间都花在路上,办公室里或正式的宴会上。

以上这些访问让我对广州这座城市建立起一些印象。我对广州已有了一定的了解,看到了整个城市的发展规模。我感受到了这里温暖的气候,我特别喜欢我在这里遇到的人们,尤其是领馆的同事。他们看起来比英国其他驻华使领馆的同事更加的充满活力,英国同事与中国同事(主要是广东人)彼此的距离更近,关系更紧密。

我来到广州担任总领事以后,这种感觉有增无减。调任广州之前,我没有时间在这座城市中游走,没有机会观赏这里建筑的丰富多彩。那时我还没有看过隐藏在东山、荔湾和海珠区的19世纪的老房子,其中有些虽然还保有它们原有的特色但已接近绝迹。我在想,这种特色还能将维持多久呢?

上周约克公爵安德鲁王子一行来访广州的时候我们提起了这个话题。在与万科地产的午餐会上,万科总裁谈到一次他到英国与BRE(Building Research Establisment建筑研究所)签署有关绿色建筑的协议。在BRE他见到一个运用了传统工艺的建筑模型,那是一个由查尔斯王子支持的项目。约克公爵评论说,他一般并不完全赞同他哥哥对建筑的态度,他自己认为现代建筑应该更多丰富而少些传统——比如一座房子不一定必须是方方正正的。然而,约克公爵与他哥哥在一个问题上还是一致的:他们都认为老建筑应当被运用到现代的用途中,并保留它原有的设计理念不被破坏。他哥哥所创立的王子信托基金正支持着一些北京胡同里的四合院的维护项目。

在珠江新城高耸的大厦边坐落着一群岭南特色的仿制建筑。当我坐车经过的时候我就想起以上那些。它们的确很有吸引力,但同时也给人不真实的感觉。人们很有可能将那些年代久远的好房子推倒,取而代之的是老建筑的仿制品——没有任何建筑价值——在我眼里就和北京前门大街的情况一样。珠江新城里的复制品比前门大街上装饰一新的水泥方块好一些,但我担心真正的建筑的丰富性——有时候伴随着贫穷和脏乱——城市的另一面将很快消失。这不仅仅是一个美学的问题,更是一个经济社会问题。我很有兴趣知道人们是怎么看这个问题的。

 

 

英文原文:

 

"Before I was posted to Guangzhou as Consul General in December 2010, I visited several times each year from Beijing. These visits all had a similar pattern. I would arrive at Baiyun airport or Guangzhou East railway station and, depending on the time of day, would take a Consular car or a taxi to my hotel or the Consulate. I would spend the whole time on the road, in the office or at formal meals.


Of course these visits gave me some idea of the city. I was well briefed. I saw the scale of development. I felt the warmth of the climate and i suppose above all I liked the people i met, particularly the Consulate staff. They always seemed more animated than our staff in other posts, with less distance and formality in the relationship between the British and the Chinese, predominantly Cantonese, staff.


I haven't changed these impressions since arriving as Consul General but I have added to them. Before then I had not had time to walk through the city and to see its architectural richness. In particular i had not seen the Dongshan and the Liwan districts, or wonderful nineteenth century buildings buried in Haizhu district, some with all their original features but nearly derelict. How long will this richness be preserved i wonder?


We were talking about this when HRH the Duke of York visited Guangzhou last week. Over a lunch which Vanke hosted, the President of Vanke spoke about his visit to the UK to sign an agreement with the Building Reaearch Institute, BRE, on the development of green buildings. While at BRE he had seen a model building in traditional style, using traditional building crafts, supported by Prince Charles. The Duke commented that he did not always agree with his brother's views on architecture. He himself thought that modern architecture could me more eclectic and less conventional: A building did not have to have four sides. The duke said that he did, though, share his brother's concern to preserve old architecture by finding ways to adapt it to modern uses without damaging its conception. His brother's The Prince's Trust is supporting such projects preserving courtyard houses in the hutong of Beijing.


I reflected on this as I drove past the rows of houses in the Lingnan style being build around the edges of high rise housing estates in zhuzhang xincheng. These are quite attractive, but they are rather unreal. There is a risk of knocking down the genuinely old and fine, if derelict, to replace it with ersatz old buildings of no architectural merit: that in my view is what has happened in Qianmen in Beijing. The reproductions in zhujiang xincheng are better than the decorated concrete cubes in qianmen, but I worry that the real architectural richness - accompanied sometimes by poverty and poor sanitation - of other parts of the city will soon be lost. This is of course not just an aesthetic question, it is an economic and a social one. I would be interested to hear what peopl think about it."

 

 

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