Text comprehension

I. C        II. 1. F;  2. T;  3. F;  4. T;  5. F.

III.

1. Paragraph 4: She fled 逃往from Germany to Belgium to escape fascism 法西斯主义; then moved to Paris, surviving the occupation 侵略占领时期by placing German subtitles 字幕on French films.

2. Anne is an independent and honest lady.

3. Paragraph 10: Anne assured her husband that he’d done the right thing. This means she appreciated his decision.

4. Paragraph 8: she could endure difficulties in the hardest time but she couldn’t tolerate her husband’s complaints and feeling sorry for himself.自我难过/自责/自惭形秽.

5. Paragraph 12: She believes in tough love, and doesn’t let him just lie around but forces him to overcome his troubles.

IV.

1. But I also made some effort to adjust myself.

2. …because I am sometimes too proud of myself.

Structural analysis

Chronological account (Paragraph 1—2) – (Paragraph 8) –(Paragraph 14).

Flashback (Paragraph 3—4) –(Paragraph 5—7) –(Paragraph 9—10) –(Paragraph 11—13)

Chronological account (1—2) –Flashback (3—4) –(5—7) –Chronological account (8) –Flashback (9—10) –(11—13) –Chronological account (14).

 

Section Four Consolidation Activities

Part one. Vocabulary

 

I. Phrase

1. tie the knot = get married

2. given that = if one takes into account that  考虑到，假定

 

3. then and there = at that time and place, esp. without any delay 当场，当时当地

 

4. in the midst of = when 在……之中，当……的时候

 

5. set … apart = distinguish 使分离，区别

 

II.

1. wrapped up;  2. fatal;  3. fluent;  4. has undergone;  5. stretch out;  6. financed;  7. consequences;  8. neighbourhood.

 

III. Word derivation 

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.

1. The principal would be less insistent (insist) on kids wearing school uniforms if the school had to pay for them.

2. It’s so depressing (depress) the way no one seems to care what’s happening to this country.

3. I really miss my mother. My only consolation (console) is that her suffering was not prolonged.

4. The progressive Chinese intellectuals in the early days of the 20th century drew much of their inspiration (inspire) from the revolutionary ideas flooding out of Europe at that time.

5. Three people were killed in a head-on collision (collide) between a bus and a car.

6. Much progress has been made in the diagnosis (diagnostic) of genetic disease.

7. Then suddenly, despite all their assurance (assure) they broke the agreement and signed a deal with a rival company.

8. A heavy concentration of the drug may produce dizziness or even unconsciousness (unconscious).

 

1. insist (v.) 坚持；强调

  insistence n. 坚持，坚决主张；强调

  insistent a. 坚持的

 

2. depress v. 使沮丧；降低，压下；压抑

  depressed a. 沮丧的；降低的；不景气的

  depressing a. 令人沮丧的

  depression n. 沮丧；萧条

 

3. console v. 安慰，慰藉

  consolation n. 安慰，慰藉

  consolatory a. 慰问的，可慰藉的

 

4. inspire v. 使……感动；激发；煽动

  inspiration n. 灵感，启示

  inspiring a. 令人振奋的，激励人的，鼓舞人心的

 

5. collide v. 碰撞，互撞；抵触

  collision n. 碰撞，冲突

 

6. diagnose v. 判断，诊断（疾病）

  diagnostic a. 特征的；诊断的

  diagnosis n. 诊断

 

7. assure v. 使确信，使放心；确保

  assurance n. 保证；确信，肯定；自信

  assured a. 确实的，保障的；有自信的

 

8. unconscious a. 失去知觉的

  unconsciously ad. 无意识地，不知不觉地

  unconsciousness n. 无意识，意识不清，失去知觉

 

IV.

1. A;  2. B;  3. C;  4. D;  5. C;  6. D;  7. A;  8. D.

 

V.  Synonym / Antonym

Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.

1. My Stroke of Luck

Synonym: fortune

 

2. At dinner with friends, she’d set a place for me as if it were the most natural thing in the world to eat lying on the couch.

Antonym: unnatural, artificial

 

3. Noel and I survived, but the men in the plane died instantly.

Synonym: immediately

 

4. Anne has such good judgment and intuition, she rarely makes a wrong decision.

Synonym: seldom, hardly

 

5. When we went out, Anne would put me in the rear of the station wagon, where I could stretch out.

Synonym: back

 

6. In L.A., I could get the best care for my spinal injury and start seeing psychiatrists for my very real “survivor’s guilt”.

Antonym: innocence

 

7. Born in Hanover, Germany, she fled to Belgium to escape fascism as a teenager.

Synonym: escaped

 

8. After our first meeting, I called to invite her to supper at Tour d’Argent, one of Paris’s best restaurants, with fantastic views of the Seine.

Synonym: marvelous, wonderful, terrific

 

4 Prefix / Suffix

Write in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.

1. intend                     pretend  

2. implicit                  explicit  

3. occur                      recur             

4. transfer                   refer      

5. admit                     commit  

6. reject                      inject    

7. express                          depress  

8. conform                 reform 

 

Part two Grammar Exercises

1. Negation and inversion

Inversion involves putting an auxiliary verb before the subject of a clause. In formal English, it is quite common to use inversion after negative adverbial expressions and restrictive words such as only, never, hardly, little and seldom.

   e. g. At no time did he get permission for what he was doing.

       Not until the next morning did she realize how serious it was.

       Only later did they learn his terrible secret.

       Hardly had we walked in the door when the phone started ringing.

      In some negative sentences, “not” is to negate the predicates in form, but actually it is used to negate other elements of those negative sentences. Therefore, while translating, we should transfer the negation in some cases.

   e. g. Every man cannot be a scientist.

       A high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.

       A negative may be transferred from a certain part of the sentence to another in translation.

   e. g. We don’t believe that our mother tongue is inferior to any other language in the world.

       I don’t think Father will fancy living an idle life like that.

 

I.

Change each sentence into a negative with the given word.

1. I hope it will rain. (not)

  I hope it will not rain.

 

2. She has seldom been so successful before.

 Seldom has she been so successful before.

 

3. You will find gold in Iceland. (nowhere)

Nowhere in Iceland will you find gold.

 

4. Donald had never imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job.

  Never had Donald imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job.

 

5. He had scarcely any time to pack his suitcase.

  Scarcely had he any time to pack his suitcase.

 

6. In no circumstances must you tell him this secret.

 

7. We rarely get more than three consecutive days of hot weather in summer.

  Rarely do we get more than three consecutive days of hot weather in summer.

 

8. I had ever worked hard as I did yesterday. (hardly)

 I had hardly ever worked as hard as I did yesterday.

Hardly had I ever worked as hard as I did yesterday.

 

II.

1. 无爱之人不可能真正幸福。

2．人人皆有过失。

3．闪光的并非都是金子。

4．这些都不是白做的。

5．我不明白他为什么不在这儿。

6．能不做的事她决不会做。

7．我认为他没说真话。

8．玛丽只求安宁。

 

2. Unit noun

There are a number of nouns in English which can be used with mass nouns to indicate units that you can count after all. Some of the other unit nouns have more restricted collocations: they combine with certain nouns but not with others. Here are a few examples:

a slice of cake

a loaf of bread

a lump of sugar

a pinch or grain of salt

a stroke of luck

 

   Complete each sentence with an appropriate expression of quantity from the box below.

an ear of    a blade of   a litter of   a head of  a lump of    a piece of    a flash of    a herd of

 

1. The teacher wrote the words with ___a piece of_____ chalk.

 

2. a lump of

 

3. There wasn’t ___an ear of____ corn left in the vegetable garden.

 

4. a flash of

 

5. a head of

 

6. a blade of

 

7. a herd of

 

8. Tom found __a litter of__ five pups in the backyard.

 

3. as … as, as vs. like

  “As … as” is used as comparative subordinating conjunctions to join two clauses.

  e. g. The house was as large as two put together.

      The coat of paint is not as fresh as it used to be.

     “Like” (when used to mean “similar to”) is a preposition. “As” (when used to mean “in the same manner”) is a conjunction. Prepositions govern nouns, pronouns, and words used as nouns. Conjunctions join clauses.

e. g. Do as I say!

He eats like a pig.

When used as a preposition, “as” means “in the position of, in the form of”.

e. g. Dad dressed up as Santa Claus.

 

  Insert as or like as appropriate in each sentence.

1. In 1939, ___as___ in 1941, there was a great surge of patriotic feeling.

 

2. as;  3. like;  4. like;  5. as;  6. like;  7. like;  8. like;  9. as;  10. as.

 

V.

 

VI.

1.      as if:

2.      After all:

 

Part three. Translation exercises

I.

1．1995年我中风后情绪低落，常常有自杀的念头，她又一次救了我。

2．安妮帮助我度过了一些最困难的时刻，这可不是件容易的事，因为我有时候是个自负的演员。

3．在我刚刚摆脱死神，还沉浸在劫后痛苦中的时候，她一直安慰我，但她不能容忍我自怨自艾——她把这个看得很重。

4．她通过帮助别人——如和病友们谈心，交流她的经验，与六位癌症康复者一起建立了妇女癌症研究会——和癌症作斗争，并且彻底康复了。

 

II.

 

1. 那些粉丝在雨中苦苦等了足足两个小时，这位“超女”才到达。（show up）

Translation:

The fans waited anxiously in the rain for two hours before the “super girl” finally showed up.

Practice:

令我百思不解的是他们为什么没有出现。

What puzzles me is why they didn’t show up.

一月份举行的首届美国电影学院大奖被戏称为“逃兵奖”，因为该奖项的17名得主中有11名没有出席颁奖典礼。

The first American Film Institute Awards ceremony, held in January, was instantly dubbed the “MIA awards” because 11 of the 17 winners didn’t show up.

 

2. 他们恋爱八年，经历了种种苦难，才终成良缘。（go through）

Translation:

They have been in love for eight years, and they went through many agonies before they finally got married.

Practice:

所有产品在整个生产过程中都必须通过五道质量检查关。

All products have to go through five quality checks in the whole manufacturing process.
   为了正义事业赴汤蹈火，在所不辞。

I wouldn’t hesitate to go through fire and water for the just cause.

 

3．I was upset by the loss of my wallet, but I could only console myself—it coiuld have been worse. What if I had lost my passport at the airport?

 

4．Given his age and inexperience / Given that he was young and inexperienced, his performance in his first movie was excellent.

 

5．经理每次出差都授权助理代理他的事务，因为公司业务不容拖延。（authorize）

Translation:

Every time he left on business, the manager would authorize his assistant to act for him, as the business of the company couldn’t wait.

Practice:

地方政府批准建造一个新机场。

The local government authorized the construction of a new airport.

中央人民政府根据需要授权或协助香港特别行政区政府作出适当安排。

The Central People’s Government shall, if necessary, authorize or assist the government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to make appropriate arrangements.

 

6．The poor old man did not have much to eat but he kept healthy because he believed in the benefit of doing exercise.

 

7．Of all the ancient civilizations, only that of China has endured through the ages and is still full of vitality.

 

8．和许多其他作家一样，这位青年作家主要叙写爱情这个永恒的主题，他的出众之处在于他对中国农村生活的深刻体验。（focus, set apart）

Translation:

Like many other writers, this young writer focuses on the eternal theme of love. What sets him apart from others is his keen observations of rural life in China.

Practice:

这个方案区别于其他方案的原因在于它有可行性。

What sets this proposal apart from others is its feasibility.

在这次选美比赛中，她的美貌、优雅和机智都比其他参赛选手略胜一筹。

In this beauty contest, her beauty, grace and wits all set her apart from other contestants.

 

 

 

VI Writing Practice

Paragraph development — Illustration

Explanation and illustration are two of the most basic devices we employ to develop a paragraph based on a topic sentence.

Explanation, illustrative numbers, statistics, or examples used in a writing helps the writer:

·to explain the idea, concept, or term that is new to the general reader

·to put new meanings into a seemingly old concept

·to make his argument effective and convincing

·to help the readers understand what has led up to the current scene, situation, or result

 

Exercises: Write two separate paragraphs respectively based on the following two topic sentences with explanation and illustrative examples.

1. Violence is destroying the sport of soccer in China.

Ideas for reference:

A football player’s leg was broken by his rival.

Players attack each other.

Stars hurt people in pubs and on the street.

They promote the sales of newspapers but alienate people from the sport.

Sample:

Violence is destroying the sport of soccer in China. Just a few months ago, one of the country’s top football clubs lost its best striker, a player from Honduras. He had been in only less than half a season in China before his left leg was so severely and “skillfully” broken by his rival in an otherwise dull match that he was sent back to his own country to recover. Almost every other week, players are seen on live TV kicking, punching, or spitting on each other, or even worse, the referee. Off field, China’s football players are also violently active. Now and then, stories of some star attacking people in pubs late at night, or on the street in broad daylight, make newspaper headlines. They promote the sales of newspapers but alienate more and more people from the sport. It has lost most of its audience. The number of TV viewers regularly watching live broadcasting of football matches has been decreasing. Sponsors are worried. They do not want to burn money for this bloody sport.

 

2. College students should have more (less) time of their own.

Ideas for reference:

a lot of assignments from different courses

desire to probe into territories outside majors

need to discover more about ourselves

want to go deep into the real world

 

Sample:

College students should have more time of their own. Last week, my Reading class teacher required us to read a 300-page novel; my Communicative English course teacher asked us to prepare a short play within three days; the professor who teaches us grammar told us that a test would be given on all the three new units of this semester; and, as the last straw, the composition teacher expressed his opinion that, in order to improve our writing skill, we should “write something” every day and she expected us to complete a 200-word essay during the weekend. All these conscientious and responsible teachers seem to think that they are just helping us. Apparently it never occurs to them that we college students should have more time of our own to do a lot of other things as well as school assignments. Yes, I am an English major, but that does not mean I have already made up my mind about my future career path. I want to have time to discover about other fields of knowledge. Likewise, students of other majors might also desire to probe into territories outside their own special branch of learning. And that takes time. In addition, we also need to discover more about ourselves: what we have a passion for, what we would really hate to do, where our strengths really lie, which section of the future job market would offer the best opportunities. Lastly, we need time to play, to make friends, to go deep into the real world outside our classrooms. If we are always buried in our teachers’ assignments, we will lose so much and, in the end, lose ourselves.