我开始接触语言学时，英语很差，阅读文献时把英文引用（如“Bybee 2010”）涉及的作者都默认为男性，后来自己开始写一点论文了，要用到“他/她认为”这样的句子，才开始纠结到底是女性还是男性。一百度，大吃一惊，很多误以为是男性的作者都是女性。这让我甚为惭愧，也为女性在语言上的天才而惊叹，当时就暗下决心，哪天一定要抽空整理一下。后来又接触到更多的女性语言学家，有一些给我留下了深刻的印象，现在我就暂列10位，以后慢慢补充。

受硕导的影响，初习语言学就接触了很多Bybee的作品。开始一直以为是个男性，后来听硕导讲起Bybee才知道是女性。随着对她的思想越发了解，后来为了提高英语水平，就专门选择了她的作品翻译，就是2010年出版的Language, Usage and Cognation。Bybee的维基百科简介如下：

Joan Lea Bybee (previously: Hooper; born 11 February 1945 in New Orleans, Louisiana ) is an American linguist and professor emerita at the University of New Mexico, having served as president of the Linguistic Society of America in 2004. Much of her work concerns grammaticalization, stochastics, modality, morphology, and phonology. She is best known for proposing the theory of Usage-based phonology and for her contributions to cognitive and historical linguistics.

其作品有The Evolution of Grammar: Tense, Aspect and Modality in the Languages of the World (1994)。汉译版《语法的演化》由商务印书馆2017年出版。

大名鼎鼎Goldberg是构式语法的创始人之一。她的两本书Constructions: A Construction Grammar Approach to Argument Structure（1995）和Constructions at Work: the nature of generalization in language（2005）都有汉译版。初习语言学的人一听“戈德堡”，都会以为是男老师。这也是没办法的事，文献引用都是用姓，而姓很难分辨出男女来。她的维基百科简介如下：

Adele Eva Goldberg (born November 9, 1963) is an American linguist, best known for the Construction Grammar approach to Cognitive linguistics, which emphasizes that speakers' knowledge of language consists of systematic collections of form and function pairings that are learned on the basis of the language they hear around them.

值得一提的是，Goldberg虽然被归为认知语言学，但是早期和Bybee一样搞过生成语法。重点在于，人家拿到了数学和哲学的学士学位，后来娶的老公又是搞物理学的。像这样子的背景搞生成语法才叫有料。记得有个同学说过：“分辨真假生成语法很简单，考一道高级数学题，会就可能是真的，不会绝对是假的——当然前提是你得会高级数学。”还有一点想说的是，构式语法是有很多实验支持的，但国内搞构式语法很少有像她一样做很多实验，只是把构式的理念拿来做理论探讨或直接套用。

http://s1/mw690/001MgcfVzy7l8X1ubjq20&690

Thompson是“功能主义语言学的风云人物之一”，她有很多以现代汉语为对象的研究，所以在汉语界知名度很高。像陶红印老师就是她的学生，陈平老师的博士论文是在她的指导下完成的，石毓智老师也在其门下学习过。其维基百科简介如下：

Sandra Annear Thompson is an American linguist specializing in discourse analysis, typology, and interactional linguistics. She has published numerous books and her research has appeared in many linguistics journals. She is currently Professor Emerita of Linguistics at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) and serves on the editorial board of several prominent linguistics journals.

其著作如Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar（1981）被广泛引用，可与赵元任的A Grammar of Spoken Chinese (1968)相媲美。还有就是那篇论文：Subject and Topic: A New Typology of Language，提出了汉语是“主题凸显”语言的观点。她在话语和语法方面贡献很大，也与Paul Hopper合作过关于及物性和涌现语法的研究。

这是位美女语言学家。我第一次知道她，是看纪录片Fry's Planet Word，当时就惊为天人。她在里面举到了一些例子来说明语言如何影响思维，还以自己为例讲到了英语和俄语（她生于白俄罗斯）的不同。后来了解了一下，她是当前倡导语言相对论的主要学者之一，影响力都出了语言学界。维基百科简介如下：

Lera Boroditsky (born 1976/77 in Belarus) is a cognitive scientist and professor known for her research in the fields of language and cognition. She is currently one of the main contributors to the Theory of Linguistic Relativity. Utne Reader named her one of 25 visionaries changing the world. She is a Searle Scholar, a McDonnell Scholar, recipient of a National Science Foundation Career award, and an American Psychological AssociationDistinguished Scientist. 

其观点可参考：http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_611c7e6b0102xp4c.html

这是我上纳日碧力戈老师的《语言和文化》知道的一位语言学家。纳日老师给我们放了一部纪录片，名叫He Said/She Said，她在里面讲了男性和女性在语言使用上的不同。她的著作You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation（1990）竟然还有汉译版，叫《你误会了我——交谈中的女人和男人》，是周红、祝畹瑾翻译的。维基百科介绍如下：

Deborah Frances Tannen (born June 7, 1945) is an American academic and professor of linguistics at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. She has been a McGraw Distinguished Lecturer at Princeton University and was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences following a term in residence at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ.

她厉害就厉害在还是个畅销书作家，从这点就能看出她的研究肯定不凡。像鼎鼎大名的Stephen Pinker也一样，出版了很多畅销书，把语言的很多前沿知识普及给大众，也吸引了更多的人去思考乃至研究语言。写一本畅销书，这大概是也应该是每个语言学家的终极梦想吧！

克里斯蒂娃不算典型的语言学家。百度百科虽然把语言学家的身份放在第一位，但维基百科根本就没有把她称之为语言学家——她更像是一位百科全书式的知识分子。维基百科介绍如下：

Julia Kristeva (French: [kisteva]; Bulgarian: Юлия Кръстева; born 24 June 1941) is a Bulgarian-French philosopher, literary critic, psychoanalyst, feminist, and, most recently, novelist, who has lived in France since the mid-1960s. She is now a professor emeritus at the University Paris Diderot. The author of more than 30 books. Kristeva became influential in international critical analysis, cultural studies and feminismafter publishing her first book, Semeiotikè, in 1969. Her sizeable body of work includes books and essays which address intertextuality, the semiotic, and abjection, in the fields of linguistics, literary theory and criticism, psychoanalysis, biography and autobiography, political and cultural analysis, art and art history. She is prominent in structuralist and poststructuralist thought. Kristeva is also the founder of the Simone de Beauvoir Prize committee.

法国的语言学家，更像是哲学家。像本维尼斯特( Benveniste)、海然热、罗兰•巴特等，研究方法和思考的问题，都跟我们接触到的语言学不太一样，带有哲学的思辨性和对传统的逆反性。

http://s10/mw690/001MgcfVzy7kWn02Ow119&690

Traugott是语法化理论的创立者之一。她与其他作者合作的两本书Grammaticalization和Lexicalization and Language Change都有汉译版，可见她在中国的影响力。维基百科简介如下：

Elizabeth Closs Traugott (born April 9, 1939 in the UK) is an American linguist and Professor of Linguistics and English, Stanford University. She is best known for her work on grammaticalization, subjectification, and constructionalization. Traugott earned her BA in English Language at Oxford University in 1960 and her PhD in English Language at the University of California, Berkeley in 1964. She was a pioneer in generative historical syntax. Dissatisfaction with generative models led her to collaborate with Paul Hopper (Carnegie Mellon University) and develop a functional approach to grammaticalization, understood as the change whereby lexical items and constructions come in certain linguistic contexts to serve grammatical functions (Hopper and Traugott 1993, revised ed. 2003). More recently she has worked with Graeme Trousdale (University of Edinburgh) on constructionalization. Based in Construction Grammar, constructionalization provides a framework that incorporates several aspects of grammaticalization and lexicalization within a unified theory of how meaningnew-formnew constructions arise. Other interests include the development of pragmatic markers, especially those in utterance-final position.

http://s4/small/001MgcfVzy7nV4gQmPh63&690

威尔逊是语用学大师，其关联理论在中国风行一时。但她也被初习者误以为是男性，因为威尔逊这个姓实在太男性了。其实她的名还是挺女性化的，音译叫“迪尔德丽”，但是因为习惯的问题，这么叫恐怕连某些所谓语言学大家也不知道这是谁。

Deirdre Susan Moir Wilson, FBA (born 1941)[1] is a British linguist and cognitive scientist. She is emeritus professor of Linguistics at University College London and research professor at the Centre for the Study of Mind in Nature at the University of Oslo. Her most influential work has been in linguistic pragmatics—specifically in the development of Relevance Theory with French anthropologist Dan Sperber.[2] This work has been especially influential in the Philosophy of Language.

http://s10/mw690/001MgcfVzy7otyMHGuBb9&690

（https://www.huffingtonpost.com/author/robin-lakoff）

这位是谁？她不是美国演员Amy Adams吗？这是我给大家的线索，不知大家记起没有，她就是电影《降临》中的主人公，一个虚构的语言学家。Banks掌握了一门外星语——七肢桶语，由此掌握了“预测未来”的能力，正支持了语言相对论。作为一位语言学家当然应该有代表作，电影中出现了两本，一本是物理学家调侃她的序言的那本，我们无法知道书名；另一本出现在未来，我们借她预测未来的能力能够一睹芳容：一本厚厚的精装书，书名叫The Universal Language，副标题叫Translating Heptapod：A Handbook，估计是全世界第一本研究外星语的书吧。宇宙如此之大，相信这样一本书总会出现的，很有可能这本书的作者真的是一位女性。】

注：关于宇宙语（lincos），可以参考：马一.宇宙语可能吗?[J].语言学资料,1965(06):24.

语言学的世界太大了，笔者只就自己接触的列出10位，还有哪些“女神”语言学家，欢迎大家给我留言！

修改时间：2018.10.17