英语五大基本句型及练习

      基本概念：与汉语相似，英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成，按照这些成分的组合方式英语句子可分为五种基本句型。
句型一：主语+不及物动词
   不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意念，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。
e.g. The rain stopped .
The old man walks in the park .
句型一的扩展：

1.主语+不及物动词+状语
e.g. The machine  works  smoothly. (机器运转正常。)
2.There +不及物动词+主语
e.g. There is some milk in the bottle .
There comes the bus .
3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式
e.g. They stopped to take a short rest . (他们停下来稍作休息)
特别提醒
动词stop 可用作不及物动词，也可用作及物动词。作不及物动词时, 通常后接动词不定式,表示停下来的目的是做另一件事。作及物动词时，通常后接动名词,表示停止做这件事。
e.g. They stopped taking a rest .

句型二：主语+系动词+表语
系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。
e.g. My sister is a nurse .
   I feel quite hungry .
   The ball is  under the desk .

句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语
及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语），才可以表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We are learning English .
Do you know him ?
Your radio needs repairing .
She  hopes  to see her uncle.

句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt.
   Give me the book, please.
特别提醒
  A. 在此句型中，
通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词。
e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .
   Give the book to me , please .
  直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词to的动词有：
give(给), tell(告诉) , lend(借给) , sell(卖), teach(教) , send(寄给), write(写给), show(出示) , return(还给), bring(带给), pass(递给), leave(留给), offer(提供), hand(交给)
间接宾语前加介词for的动词有：
buy(买), choose(选择), get (弄到), make(做), order(订购), sing (唱歌), do (做), play(演奏)
B. 如果直接宾语为人称代词那么必须把直接宾放在间接宾语前，且间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
e.g.  I handed it to our teacher .
不能说：I handed our teacher it .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。
e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .
  a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .
  b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.

句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语
及物动词本身需要一个宾语外，还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。
e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor.
    The news made us sad.
    She saw the thief steal into the shop .
    The teacher asked me to answer the question .
    I found the man stealing the money .
    I found my money stolen .
特别提醒
A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。
B. 在let(让)，make(使得)，have（请，让，使得），see(看)，hear(听到)，watch(观看)，feel(感觉到)，listen to (倾听)，look at (看到)，notice(注意到)等动词后的宾语补足语如果为不定式，则省掉”to”,但变为被动语态时，则要带”to”.
e.g. We hear her sing next door.
She is heard to sing next door .
C. 此句型变为被动语态时，只有一种情况。
e.g. They saw him steal the old man’s money.
   He was seen to steal the old man’s money .

英语五大基本句型练习
1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.
  a.  wait      b. to wait      c. waiting     d. waited
2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.   
  a. run             b. ran            d. to run           d. running
3. Rose is going to have her hair _____.   
  a. do    b. done    c. did    d. doing
4. She felt somebody ___her.   
  a. touched     b. touches    c. touch    d. to touch
5. She taught him _____speak English.  
  a. how    b. how could he    c. how he could    d. how to
6.He didn’t enjoy the play because he ____.   
  a. was boring   b. bored     c. was bored     d. boring
7.I will make your dream ____.       
  a. comes true    b. to come true    c. coming truly     d. come true
8.He warned ____home . 
  a. us to not go     b. us not to go     c. we not go     d. us not go
9. Canned food does not go ____.
  a. bed easily b. badly easy    c. bad easy    d. badly easily
10.The sad news kept her ___all the night.    
  a. awake    b. waken    c. wake     d. to wake
11.I think ____a bad habit to get up late .
  a. that    b. it     c. this   d. its
12.He found his money _____.     
  a. steal    b. stealing   c. stolen     d. to steal
13.Roses in bloom smell ____.     
  a. sweetly      b. sweet     c. sweeten     d. sweetness
14.We must have the machine ____.    
  a. to repair   b. repairing      c. repair    d. repaired
15.She was lying in the sofa ____a book.  
  a. reading    b. read      c. to read     d. to reading
16.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.   
  a. inform           b. to inform             c. informed          d. informing
17.The speaker found himself ____all alone. 
  a. left     b. leave    c. leaving      d. to leave
18.The speaker found himself ____.
  a. misunderstand      b. misunderstanding    
c. misunderstood      d. to misunderstand
19.-My watch is broken.  
–Why don’t you ___. 
  a. take a repairer your watch           b. take your watch a repairer  
  c. take to a repairer it                 d. take it to a repairer
20.I heard you went to the museum yesterday and couldn’t find ____the hotel.
  a. how to return to                    b. how you could go for
  c. the way back for                    d. the way back to
21.Yesterday was my birthday. My mother ____.   
  a. made a cake to me    b. made a cake me   c. made for me a cake   d. made me a cake
22. The teacher ____John a good student.   
  a. believes           b. knows          c. suggests              d. considers
23.It’s a fine day. Let’s go boating, ___?     
  a. will we    b. don’t we   c. won’t we   d. shall we
24.Don’t smoke in the classroom, ___?    
  a. will you   b. do you    c. don’t you     d. won’t you
25.He seldom has lunch at home, ____he?  
  a. has     b. hasn’t      c. does        d. doesn’t
26.We had to get up early, ___we?   
  a. didn’t      b. don’t     c. had       d. did
27.You had Tom do the job, ____you?      
  a. did     b. didn’t   c. had     d. hadn’t
28.Let us have another look, ____you?    
  a. will    b. would    c. won’t       d. wouldn’t
29.Nobody came, ___?   
  a. didn’t he     b. didn’t they    c. did he    d. did they
30.We ought to hand it in today, ____we?   
  a. oughtn’t       b. don’t      c. shouldn’t    d. won’t
31.We’d better wait for ten more minutes, ___? 
  a. hadn’t we           b. don’t we           c. didn’t we        d. wouldn’t we
32. I’d like a sandwich, ____?   
  a. would you   b. do you   c. couldn’t you    d. don’t you
33.This is the third time this week John has had to study late, ___?  
  a. hasn’t he  b. isn’t he  c. hasn’t it  d. isn’t it
34.You and I did it together, ___? 
  a. didn’t I      b. didn’t you       c. did you       d. didn’t we
35.They should have completed it earlier, ____?
  a. should they       b. shouldn’t they       c. have they      d. haven’t they
36. You may take it if you want to, ___?
  a. mayn’t you         b. don’t you          c. shouldn’t you         d. won’t you
37.You must have told Mr. Smith the secret, ___?
  a. mustn’t you     b. must you    c. haven’t you     d. have you
38.She disliked the skirt his father bought her, ___?
  a. did she        b. didn’t she       c. was she         d. wasn’t she
39.Tom said he was not there then, ___?  
  a. didn’t he          b. did he       c. wasn’t he     d. was he
40. I suppose he is honest , ___?     
  a. don’t I         b. do I     C. isn’t he      d. is he
41. I don’t think he is serious, ___?      
  a. don’t I          b. do I     C. isn’t he     d. is he 
42.She’s finished the job, ____she ?   
  a. doesn’t     b. isn’t    c. wasn’t    d. hasn’t
43. –You aren’t a teacher, are you?  
  a. Yes, I am not    b. No, I am     c. No, but I was    d. Yes, I wasn’t
44.- ____is your sister?    
-She is a teacher in a middle school.
  a. Who       b. What        c. Which           d. Where
45.-How are your parents?    
-_____.
  a. They are doctors    b. They like sweet food    
c. They are fine       d. They are fifty
46. -___will you get married to him.    -In a month.
  a. How soon     b. How long     c. How often    d. How much    
47. There ____two films this week in our school.   
  a. is    b. have    c. have been    d. has
48. There ____a lot of news about the fire on TV last night.    
  a. was   b. had   c. were   d. is
49.There used to be a temple there, ____?
  a. usedn’t it             b. used there         c. didn’t it          d. didn’t there
50. There ___ a stream in front of our house.  
  a. lies   b. has   c. stand     d. lie