常用佛教名词英语翻译（三）
L

Lama Chopa 喇嘛曲巴

A Lamp for the Bodhi-Way (Bodhipathapradipa) 《菩提道灯论》

Lang Darma 朗达玛

Lankavatara Sutra 《楞伽经》*

lay people 居士 *

Duobao Lecture Monastery 多宝讲寺 (多宝佛 Many Jewels Buddha* )

left-home people 出家人 *

light ease 轻安 *

open light 开光 *

lineage / tradition 传承 *

lion’s roar 狮子吼 *

lion’s throne 狮子座 *

living Buddha 活佛 *

loose speech 绮语 *

the Lucid Introduction to the One Hundred Dharmas 《百法明门论 》

M

magnanimity   伟大精神 *

the Maha-prajna-paramita-sutra 《大般若经》*

the Maha-Parinirvana Sutra 《大涅槃经》*

mahoraga, great python spirit 摩睺罗伽 (大蟒神) *

majestic and adorned 庄严 *

make a full prostration 大礼拜

make obeisance to 顶礼 *

make three-step-one-bow pilgrimage 三步一拜 *

mandala 坛城

manas consciousness 末那识 *

manifest the stillness 示寂 *

the Manjushri's Five-syllable Mantra 《文殊五字真言》

many sharira (很多)舍利 *

Marpa 玛尔巴

Mati Panchen Lama 末底班禅大师

Maudgalyayana 目犍连 *

Medicine Master Buddha Who Dispels Calamities and Lengthens Life 消灾延寿药师佛 *

mendicant 乞士 *

Milarepa   米拉日巴

milk gruel 乳糜 *

mind consciousness 意识 *

monastic grounds 伽蓝 *

monk robes 僧袍 *

morality 持戒 *

morning recitation 早课 *

most virtuous and awe-inspiring 大威德 *

mound of flesh 肉髻 *

Mount Grdhrakuta 耆阇崛山 *

Mount Kukkutapada 鸡足山 *

Mount Sumeru 须弥山 *

Mountain Gate 山门 *

much learning 多闻 *

mudra arms 母陀罗臂 *

myriad virtues 万德 *

N

Nalanda Monastery   那烂陀寺

Namas Monastery   南无寺

newly ordained 新戒 *

Nirvana robes 涅槃僧内衣

Nishyanda body 卢舍那身 *

no mark of self 无我相 *

non-production and non-extinction 不生不灭 *

no outflows / non-outflows 无漏 *

no self 无我 *

noumena and phenomena 理、事 *

O

objects of touch 触 *

ocean’s roar 海潮音 *

Of all the kinds of offerings
The gift of the Dharma is the highest
诸供养中，法供养最 *

One Enlightened to Conditions 缘觉 *

the One Hundred Dharmas 《百法》

ordination ceremony 授戒典礼 *

Ordination Hall 戒堂 *

the Ordination Platform 戒坛 *

the Ornament of Clear Realization 《现观庄严论》

outrageous pride 过慢 *

overweening pride 增上慢 *

P

palanquin 舆 *

Papiyan 波旬 *

parajika offences 波罗夷罪 *

parinirvana 圆寂 *

paste incense 涂香 *

pat / rub on the crown 摩顶 *

patience 忍辱 *

patience with the non-production of dharmas 无生法忍 *

patriarch 祖师 *

the Perfect Penetration Hall 圆通殿

perfect penetration without obstruction 圆融无碍 *

perfectly fused 圆融 *

pestilence 瘴 *

Phabonkha   帕绷喀

Physician King and Superior Physician 药王，药上 *

platform 坛 *

poluted thinking / false thoughts 妄想 *

poorly enclosed place 边地 *

pouch 囊 *

the Praise of Arisal of Conditions《缘起赞》

Prajna (literary, contemplative, true-appearance) 般若 (文字、观照、实相)*

the Prajna Sutra 《般若经》*

the Prajna Sutra of the Humane King Who Protects His Country 《仁王护国般若经》*

pratimoksa 波罗提木叉 *

Pratyekabuddha 缘觉 *

Pravarana 自恣 *

precept platform 戒坛 *

precept sash 戒衣 *

precept substance 戒体 *

preceptee 戒子 *

perpetuate the Dharma 令法久住 *

purify the boundaries for a the Dharma session 洒净 *

precepts and rules 戒律 *

precious king 宝王 *

(bestow) the Prediction of Buddhahood 菩提印记 *

primary meaning 第一义 *

primary truth 第一义谛 *

Production of Jewels Buddha 宝生佛 *

Proper Dharma Age 正法时代 *

Proper Dharma of Certification 证正法

Proper Dharma of Teaching 教正法

the Provisions for Concentration and the Way 《定道资粮》

public record 公案 *

pure youth and maiden 童男童女 *

purity of six sense organs 六根清净 *

R

radiates a light 放光 *

rage and hate 嗔忿 *

real mark / real appearances 实相 *

receive alms / go on alms-round 乞食 *

receive complete ordination under so and so 在某某座下受具足戒 *

receive full ordination 受具足戒 *

recline 卧 *

rejoice exceedingly 大欢喜 (profuse joy) *

relentless hells 无间地狱 *

repent and reform 忏悔 *

retreat 闭关 *

return the hearing and listen to the self nature 反闻闻自性 *

rever and honor 恭敬尊重 *

Rinpoche 仁波切 (meaning “Jewel of Human Beings, or Great Jewel”)

ritual procedure 仪轨

rub on / pat one’s crown 摩顶 *

S

saffron water 黄丹水

Saha World 娑婆世界 *

Samaya precept 三昧耶戒

Samghati 僧伽黎 *
Many-pieced robe 杂碎衣 *
host’s robe 祖衣 *
great robe 大衣 *
Kashaya 袈裟 *
mute-colored cloth 坏色衣 *
clothing for getting out of dust 离尘服 *

Sangha-arama 伽蓝 *

the Sangha and the laity 僧俗 *

Sangha’s dwellings 僧坊 *

Santideva Bodhisattva 寂天菩萨

the Sea-vast Avatamsaka Assembly of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas 莲池海会佛菩萨 *

schisms 不和合

Secret School 密宗 *

sectarianism 宗派 *

seize upon conditions 攀缘 *

self-mastery 自在 *

senior-seated one 上座 *

sense objects 尘 *

sentient beings 有情 *

serve in the kitchen 行堂

seven Bodhi shares 七菩提分 *

sever afflictions 断烦恼 *

shamatha 奢摩他 *

share-section birth and death 分段生死 *

(many) sharira 舍利 *

sharira-stupa 舍利塔 *

Shila 尸罗 *

Shurangama Samadhi   楞严定 *

simplicity and frugality 简朴 *

single-mindedness 一心 *

Six Paramitas / Six Perfections 六度 *

Six Spiritual Penetrations 六神通 *

Skandha-demon 阴魔 *

snow saussurea 雪莲

Snowy Mountains 雪山

Solitary Enlightened One 独觉 *

Sound-Hearer 声闻 *

South Potalaka Monastery 南普陀寺

speak the Dharma 说法 *

spontaneous 自然 *

Sramanera Precepts 沙弥戒

stern and pure in the Vinaya 严净毗尼 *

still quiescence 寂灭 *

stinking skin-bag 臭皮囊 *

stoppings and contemplations 止观 (shamatha and vipashyana) *

sublime abode 精舍 *

summer retreat 结夏安居
In Buddhism, there is a rule that those who have left the home-life must pass the summer in retreat. This rule came about because for 90 days, from the 15th of the fourth lunar month to the 15th of the seventh lunar month, the members of the Sangha lived in one place and didn’t go anywhere.

a suona horn 唢呐

Superior Seated One 上座 *

supra-mundane-mind, renunciation 出离心

the Sutra of Contemplating Measureless Life Buddha 《观无量寿经》*

the Sutra in Forty-two Sections 《四十二章经》*

the Sutra of Manjushri’s Questions on Prajna 《文殊问般若经》*

the Sutra of Medicine Buddha 《药师经》*

the Sutra of the Past Vows of Earth Store Bodhisattva 《地藏菩萨本愿经》*

the Sutra of the Tathagata’s Lion’s Roar 《如来狮子吼经》*

Sutra Division 经部

T

take refuge with 皈依 *

tala tree 多罗树 *

take across sentient beings universally 普度众生

take across to   度 *

take complete precepts 受具足戒 *

tally with   契合 *

teaching host 教主 *

Ten Doors of Discrimination of Worthy Leader School 贤首宗十门分别 *

32 Marks/Features and 80 Subtle/Subsidiary Characteristics of a Buddha *
32相80种好

thoughts of revulsion 厌离心 *

Three Evil Destinies 三恶趣 *

Three Evil Paths 三恶道 *

Three great asamkhyeyas of eons   三大阿僧祗劫 *

three kinds of intoxication 三毒 *

scroll 卷 *

Three Masters and Seven Certifiers 三师七证 *

Precept Transmitter 得戒和尚 *
Karmadana 羯摩和尚 *
Teaching Transmitter 教授和尚 *

three precept platforms for receiving the complete precepts 三坛大戒 *

Three Qualities 三性 good, bad, indeterminate 善、恶、无记 *

Three Realms 三界 *

three spiritual and seven physical souls 三魂七魄 *

the Three Sutras on the Buddha’s Bequeathed Teachings 《遗教三经》

3,000 awesome deportments and 80,000 subtle aspects 三千威仪，八万细行 *

Thus Come One / Tathagata 如来 *
One Worthy of Offerings 应供 *
One of Proper and Pervasive Knowledge / One of Proper and Universal Knowledge 正遍知 *
One Perfect in Clarity and Practice 明行足 *
Well Gone One 善逝 *
Unsurpassed Knight Who Understands the World 世间解无上士 (One Who Understands the World 世间解; Unsurpassed One无上士) *
Great Regulator / Taming and Subduing Hero 调御丈夫 *
Teacher of Gods and Humans / People 天人师 *
Buddha 佛 *
World Honored One 世尊 *

Tian Tai School (Heavenly Vista) Five Mysterious Meanings 天台五重玄义 *

tin staff 锡杖

tip of a single fine hair 一毛孔 *

Torma   朵马

transform 度 *

Trayastrimsha 忉利天 *

Treasury of Emptiness 虚空藏 *

Tripitaka   三藏 *

Triple Jewel 三宝 *

true contemplation 如实观照 *

true suchness 真如 *

Tsampa powder 妥巴粉

Tsong-kha-pa   宗喀巴

tula-cotton hand   兜罗棉手 *

turbidity of the eon, views, living beings, afflictions, life span 劫浊，见浊，众生浊，烦恼浊，命浊 *

turn on the wheel of rebirth 轮回*

Tushita Heaven 兜率天 *

Twelve Divisions 十二部 *
Prose 长行部 *
Reiterative Verses 重颂部 *
Bestowal of Predictions 授记部 *
Causes and Conditions   因缘部 *
Analogies 譬喻部 *
Past Events 本事部 *
Present Lives 本生部 *
Broadening Passages 方广部 *
Previously Non-existent the Dharma   未曾有部 *
Unrequested the Dharma 自说部 *
Interpolations 孤起部 *
Discussions   议论部 *

the Twenty Verses on Consciousness-only 《唯识二十论》 (《二十唯识》)

U

Ullambana 盂兰盆 *

ultimate 究竟 *

ultimate teaching 了义 *

Unintermittent Hells 无间地狱 *

Gathered Offering (tsog) 会供

Universal Worthy 普贤 *

Unobstructed Eloquence of Delight in Speech 乐说无碍辩才 *

uphold reverently 奉持 *

V

vaidurya 琉璃 *

Vairochana   毗卢遮那 *

Vairocana 卢舍那 *

Vajra Acharya   金刚阿阇黎

Vajra the Dharma King 金刚法王

vajra pestle   金刚杵 *

Vajra Powerful Lord 金刚力士

Vajra Secret -Traces Spirits 金刚密迹 *

the Vajra Sutra 《金刚经》*

vast vows 弘誓 *

vegetarian feast 营斋 *

vegetarian host   斋主 *

verse 偈子 *

Venerable Atisha 阿底峡尊者

view delusion 见惑 *

Vipashyin   毗舍浮 *

the Vimilakirti Sutra   《维摩诘经》*

the Everyday Vinaya 《毗尼日用》*

W

water purification   洒净

Way-place 道场 *

wearisome defilements 尘劳 *

Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss   西方极乐净土 *

whisk 拂尘 *

white robed people 白衣 *

the White Tara 白度母

wisdom of all kinds 一切种智 *

Great Perfect Mirror Wisdom 大圆镜智 *
Fair and Impartial Wisdom of the Nature 平等性智 *
Wonderful Contemplating and Investigating Wisdom 妙观察智 *
Wisdom that Accomplishes what must be done 成所作智 *

wish-fulfilling pearl 如意珠 *

wombs, eggs, moisture, transformation 胎卵湿化 *

work outdoor 出坡

worlds of the trichiliocosm 三千大千世界 *

world-transcending wisdom   出世智 *

Y

Yamantaka (meaning “Great Awesome Virtues”) 13 Honored Ones/ 13 Deity Yamantaka 大威德十三尊

Yellow Hat Sect 黄帽派

Yoga Tantra 瑜伽部

yojana 由旬 *

 

Buddha
A person attainted enlightenment, first referring to sakyamuni, the founder of Buddhism. Later, many other names appeared for worship along with the development of Buddhist theory. In Buddhist statues, Buddha is usually in the image of a figure with a high-raised bun on the top of the head, a luminous tuft of hair between the eyebrows, a robe-like dress on the body without ornaments and a nimbus behind the back. These supposed to be the characteristics of sakuamuni.

佛
是梵语“佛陀”的略称，意思是“觉者”。最初“佛”专指佛教创始人释迦牟尼，后来随着佛教理论的发展，出现了许多各有名称，供人信奉的佛。佛教雕塑中，佛像一般衣饰简朴，头上有高出的肉髻，眉间有圆形的白毫像，身后还有背光，这些都是根据佛教传说释迦佛有与常人不同的特点而制作的。

——资料出自上海博物馆教育部

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